Revista Raízes e Amidos Tropicais

7

Authors: Carlos Jorge da Silva, Paulo Vanderlei Ferreira, Jair Tenório Cavalcante, José Pedro da Silva, Ronaldo Bernardino dos Santos Júnior, Wilson de Souza Dourado

This work had as objective to evaluate the yield performance of sweet potato genotypes, ninety days after planting. The experiment was carried out at the Centro of Ciências Agrárias in Rio Largo, Alagoas, 2007. It was used the design randomized block with 14 treatments (12 clones and two cultivars) and two replications. The genotypes analyzed were clones: 01, 02, 03, 04, 06, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 obtained from by Plants Genetic Breeding Sector of the CECA/ UFAL and two cultivars were Rainha de Penedo and Sergipana. The variables studied were: Number of commercial roots (CRN); number of non-commercial roots (NCRN); length of commercial roots (CRL); diameter of commercial roots (CRD); yield of commercial roots (CRY), yield of non-commercial root (NCRY) and total yield of roots (TYR). Genotypes with higher yield showed higher NRC. There was no significant difference statistical among genotypes to CRL and CRD. Clones 06 and 14 and the Sergipana showed higher commercial and total root yield, but were lower than the national of the state.

11

Authors: Magno Luiz de Abreu, Silvio José Bicudo, Elizeu Luiz Brachtvogel, Felipe Curcelli, Eduardo Barreto Aguiar

In Brazil, cassava has great economic and social importance, been one of the main products for human alimentation, mainly in floor form, but with great potential for in natura consumption. The cassava is cultivated in lowlands (<2000m) of tropics, specialy in Brazil, (mainly at North, North-West and Central-West regions). Therefore, the cassava is frequently cultivated in subsistent agriculture, because good development in poor soils, pest and diseases resistance and wide adaptation to different regions. The high variability of Manihot species was promoted by intra-specific crosses, resulting in many varieties different morphologicaly and with wide adaptation to different edafoclimatic regions. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the main factors influencing the cassava culture, as on the climate change context as adaptation mechanisms, genetic variability and yield consequences.

13

Authors: Magali Leonel, Silene Bruder Silveira Sarmento

In this work the processing of Peruvian carrot roots was conducted with the objective of a possible introduction of this root as a raw material for the starch industries. The results showed that the roots of Peruvian carrot showed a high moisture content, low dry matter (20.3%), and considerable starch content (74.71% dry basis). The efficiency of processing was 9.45% compared to the initial raw material. The starch showed composition in accordance with the limits established by Brazilian legislation. The starch granules showed polygonal and circular shapes, with the predominant size of15-25 micrometers in diameter. The production of reducing sugars by action of alpha-amylase and fungal amyloglucosidase on starch granules (8.5 hours digestion at 37 ° C) was 8.5 mg/100 mg of starch. The expansion of the starch was 18.4, 22.8, 27.0 and 45.8% at 60, 70, 80 and 90 ° C, respectively. The viscosity curve showed shape and values similar to those obtained for cassava starch, and both well below the potato in the same concentration. This starch showed low paste temperature and low stability at high temperature under stirring. The retrogradation was higher than for starch potato and cassava, indicating a greater tendency to recrystallization. The evaluation of the transparency of starch pastes, measured by transmittance, was 54.7%, which is closer to values found in the literature for cereal starch. The composition of the final fibrous residue showed that this presents a potential for use due to the considerable starch and fiber content.

15

Authors: Felipe Curcelli, Silvio José Bicudo, Magno Luiz de Abreu, Eduardo Barreto Aguiar, Elizeu Luiz Brachtvogel

The cassava is a plant of American origin, mainly in the region of Brazil. This plant has worldwide high economic and cultural value. Much of the cassava produced in the world is destined for industrialization and human consumption. Another destination of cassava is the feed, especially ruminants. The objective of this review is to point the main aspects of the culture of cassava that are related to the production of domestic ruminants. In the diet of ruminants the shoots and roots of cassava are used “in natura” or in preserved process (hay and silage). The waste from the cassava also provides food where ruminants are able to transform into animal protein. Several studies show that the total or partial replacement of cassava, fresh and in the form of hay or silage and by-products can replace traditional sources of food for ruminants. The cultivation of cassava has enormous potential for use as an alternative source of food for ruminants.