Caspian Journal of Dental Research

8-14

Authors: Shirin Saravani, Hamideh Kadeh*, Asma Abil najafzade

Introduction: Although recent studies show the association of eosinophils with different tumors including oral malignancies, the role of eosinophils in premalignant conditions of the oral cavity is not known precisely. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the number of eosinophils in premalignant and malignant conditions of the oral cavity and its role in progression to malignancy. Materials &Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 50 samples with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 18 with verrucous carcinoma, 13 with erosive lichen planus, and 10 with leukoplakia with mild dysplasia after confirmation of histopathological diagnosis. The samples were stained with Sirius Red. The total numbers of eosinophils in 10 areas were counted at a magnification of 400x (eosinophil/10HPF). Data are analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman’s correlation test. Results: The mean number of eosinophils in OSCC, verrucous carcinoma, erosive lichen planus, and leukoplakia with mild dysplasia was 90.26, 59.72, 11.08 and 0.0 eosinophil/10HPF respectively. The mean number of eosinophils was significantly higher in malignant (OSCC and verrucous carcinoma) than premalignant (erosive lichen planus and leukoplakia with mild dysplasia) lesions of the oral cavity (P=0.0001). No significant correlation was found between the number of eosinophils with histopathologic grade, gender, and age in OSCC samples. Conclusion: The greater number of eosinophils is seen in malignant than premalignant lesions of the oral cavity. It is recommended to consider the high number of eosinophils in premalignant lesions as an indicator for a more potential of preliminary oral lesions to undergo malignant transformation.

23-29

Authors: Farida Abesi, Fatemeh Saeedi*, Sina Haghanifar, Ehsan Moudi, Soraya Khafri

Introduction: Incisive foramen in the maxilla is the oral terminus of the nasopalatine canal. This region is important in implantology, Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the neurovascular anatomical variations in the maxillary anterior region, observed on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials &Methods: In this cross-sectional study, maxillary CBCT images from 200 patients (100 men, 100 women, average age 45.61±11.01) were evaluated in sagittal, axial and coronal sections and the following parameters were investigated: incisive canal diameter, shapes of canal, presence of accessory canal in the anterior palate and their location, thickness of buccal bone in the sections containing canal, patient's dental and periodontal status in terms of bone loss. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS, V20. P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: In sagittal view, the mean diameter of the canal was 2.36±0.69mm.Age and gender did not significantly influence the diameter. Morphological analysis of canal showed that 25% of them were hourglass-like,23.5% conical,22%funnel,27.5% cylindrical, 2% tree branch. Accessory canals were observed in 58 patients (29%) specially near to the canine region. The thickness of buccal bone plate was less in complete edentulous patients than others and also there was a significant relationship between bone loss and canal size in the hourglass and cylindrical shapes. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of accessory canals was relatively significant, so it seems essential to carry out cone beam computed tomography in this area for determining the canal morphology and dimensions before implant placement.

35-43

Authors: Ghazaleh Ahmadizenouz, Behnaz Esmaeili, Sahar Khorshidi*, Soraya Khafri

Introduction: Increased consumption of energy drinks has raised concerns about their effects on dental restorations. This study assessed the effects of two energy drinks on the surface microhardness of methacrylate and silorane-based composites after 1-week and 1-month periods. Materials & Methods: In this in-vitro study, 90 cubic samples were prepared from Filtek P90, Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350 XT composite resins. Vickers hardness test was performed to measure the baseline surface microhardness for each specimen. Ten randomly selected samples from each composite material were then immersed in one of the two sports drinks (Red Bull and Hype) or artificial saliva (control). Surface microhardness was re-evaluated after 1 week and 1 month of immersion. The data were evaluated using ANOVA via post-hoc Tukey tests and repeated measure test (α=0.05). Results: Surface microhardness of all composites were significantly decreased in energy drinks in both evaluation periods (P<0.001). In artificial saliva, microhardness was significantly increased after 1 week and decreased after 1 month of immersion (P< 0.001). After 1 month, the lowest microhardness changes were observed in Filtek Z350 XT composite. (18% and 14% reduction in Hype and Redbull respectively). Differences between energy drinks were significant for Z350 XT composite only after 1 week (P=0.01) and for Z250 composite after 1 week and 1 month (P=0.020 and P< 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Hype and Red Bull energy drinks can affect the surface hardness of composite resins depending on their characteristics and exposure time.

48-52

Authors: Mohammad Haji mirzamohammad, Soheil Khakbaz, Mina Motallebnejad, Soraya Khafri, Mahtab Hamzeh, Ramin Farrokhi, Nima Nikafshar *

Introduction: Oral cancer is the most common malignancy in head and neck region. Primary diagnosis is critical and low knowledge of dentists can lead to improper or delayed diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of general dentists regarding oral cancer and the complications of its treatment in Babol, Iran. Materials &Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on all general dentists working in Babol. Seventy-six dentists entered into the study and filled out the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Mean score of knowledge in the group with more than 21-years-experience was significantly higher than the group with less than 10-years-experience (p=0.017). There was a positive correlation between total knowledge and years of experience (p=0.001). There was no significant relationship between other criteria with total score of knowledge (p.0.05). Conclusion: It seems that knowledge the babol dentists’ regarding oral cancer and cancer treatment complications is not sufficient.

8-14

Authors: Sepide Ostadi Joybari, Ghazaleh Ahmadizenouz, Soraya Khafri, Samane Gharekhani*

Introduction: Resin modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGI) is prepared by manual mixing of powder and liquid. Different mixing ratios influence on the RMGI properties. The aim was to compare the effect of different mixing ratios on the microleakage of RMGI. Materials &Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 Class V cavities (3×2×1.5 mm) with the gingival margin of 1 mm apical to the cement-enamel junction were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 30 sound premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group 1: The manufacturer’s recommended ratio, without conditioning; Group2: The manufacturer’s recommended ratio with conditioning; Group 3: 20% lower than the manufacturer’s ratio without conditioning; Group4: 20% lower than the manufacturer’s ratio with conditioning; Group 5: 20% higher than the manufacturer’s ratio without conditioning; Group6: 20% higher than the manufacturer’s ratio with conditioning. After thermocycling, the microleakage was evaluated using silver nitrate staining. The teeth were cut into two mesial and distal halves, and the microleakage at occlusal and gingival margins was recorded based on a 0‒3 scoring system under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests with significance level at P<0.05. Results: The maximum microleakage at gingival margins was recorded for group 4, which was significantly higher than that of group 2 and 6 (P=0.043 and P=0.043, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the microleakage between occlusal and gingival margins. Conclusion: A 20% reduction in P/L ratio of RMGI increases the gingival microleakage when surface conditioning was applied.

22-28

Authors: Maryam Zare Jahromi, Mehrdad Barekatain, Niloufar Bonakdar Hashemi, Poorandokht Refaei*

Introduction: Cervical root resorption is one of the most important complications of intra coronal bleaching. A way of preventing this type of resorption is using a coronal barrier under the bleaching materials. The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of glass ionomer cement and Pro Root Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as a coronal barrier in intra coronal bleaching. Materials &Methods: In this study, 40 single-root maxillary anterior teeth were endodontically prepared and divided into two experimental groups (n= 15) and two positive and negative control groups (n=5). In the experimental groups, gutta percha was removed up to 3 mm below the cemento enamel junction (CEJ).RMGI and MTA were placed over gutta percha up to the level of CEJ. After a 24-hour incubation period, the bleaching agent (a mixture of sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide) was placed in the access cavities. The bleaching agents were replaced every 3 days over 9 days. Then, the access cavity was filled with 2% methylene blue for 48 hours. All samples were longitudinally sectioned and the dye penetration range was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests (=α0.05). Results: Leakage mean indicated that there was a significant difference between these two groups and leakage was less in ProRoot than glass ionomer. Conclusion: It seems that the MTA can provide a better coronal seal during the bleaching.

36-44

Authors: Maryam Rabiei, Bardia Vadiati Saberi*, Hossein Masoudi Rad, Seyed Ahmad Bahre Khazan

Introduction: Obesity as a pervasive phenomenon in recent years has the risky consequences on public and oral health and endangers the teeth especially periodontal tissues. This aim of this study was to assess the relationship of oral health (teeth and periodontal tissue) with obesity and anthropometric measures such as waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Materials &Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 180 subjects in 3 groups of normal weight, over-weight and obese. Periodontal pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression was also applied after adjusting for the confounding factors. Results: Of 180 subjects, 54, 68 and 58 cases were normal, overweight and obese. 75 and 105 participants were male and female, respectively. Generally, a pocket depth was increased 1.394 times with one unit increase of BMI (OR: 1.394, 95% CI: 0.936-2.077). Dental caries index enhanced to 1.036 with one unit increase of waist circumference (WC) (OR: 1.036, 95% CI: 1.001-1.071). One centimeter rise of WC increased CPI up to 0.625 times (OR: 1.122, 95% CI: 0.053-0.078). Conclusion: Obesity even in the absence of underlying systemic diseases can cause the potential risk in oral health.

49-53

Authors: Mohammad Koochek Dezfuli, Maryam Seyedmajidi, Shabnam Sohanian*, Hamed Hossein Kazemi, Khashayar Dehshiri

Plexiform schwannoma is a type of schwannoma that can be occured at any age and any site of the oral cavity. In the gross and histopathological features, it shows plexiform or multinodular growth pattern. This variant of schwannoma is sometimes associated with neurofibromatosis type II or schwannomatosis. Histopathologically, plexiform schwannoma is composed of schwann cells that show Anthony A growth pattern. Mitosis are rare or absent. This study reports a case of a healthy 34 year old female with swelling in floor of her mouth; according to the clinical and histopathological findings, the diagnosis was Plexiform schwannoma.