Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Stiinte umanistice

03-09

Authors: Iraida CONDREA

"Carte românească de învăţătură..." (The Romanian Book of Learning...) is a book by the Metropolitan of Molda-via Varlaam. Edited in Yassi in 1643, The book, also known as Cazania lui Varlaam ("The Cazania of Varlaam" or "Varlaam's Homiliary"), was the very first printed in Moldavia and large numbers of copies spread in the neighboring provinces inhabited by Romanian speakers. In the postwar period into the territory between Prut and Dniester Cazania lui Varlaam they met only very few things because the Communist censorship forbade the use of the term "Romanian", and religious-themed literature. Thus, information about "sermons (Cazania)" had a limited and distorted character, as it was called "Moldavian book" and presented only in the light of relations with the Slavic culture. In the former Soviet space there have been 5 original copies of the book, of which only one was found in Chișinău. Limited access to the original text has created a huge gap in terms of study and acceptance of this important monument of the Romanian spiritual culture. Currently it is necessary to return over the study, to publish and dissemination Varlaam՚s "Cazania".

17-19

Authors: Svetlana CATERENCIUC

In the derivational affixes system of English technical terms there are obvious trends of affixes inventory renovation. A prominent neological transformation is emerging, especially in the prefixal inventory, as a result of passing the elements of Greek and Latin etymology in affixes category. This phenomenon of transformation composition elements into morphemic affixes is more pronounced in the derivational system of prefixes.

23-26

Authors: Lucia VESTE

One of the discourse aspects investigated by linguists over the centuries, is the discourse typology where the discourse is supposed to be a complex linguistic and fundamental unit. Starting with the ancient rhetoric and until now, there have been distinguished several criteria for the discourse classification and different typologies. At this stage, we could talk about the establishment of the typology of typology, and its diversity.

34-38

Authors: Владимир НОСОВ

The writer Maxim Gorky is widely known in Russia and abroad. All his creation is permeated by the spirit of humanism and the fight for justice. In the year of his 150th anniversary is necessary to remember about his great services and his place in the history of world literature.

44-49

Authors: Svetlana COANDĂ

In this article, we analyse B.P. Hasdeu՚s activity and concepts – one of the great scholars of the Romanian nation, a learned person, a true encyclopedist, who has manifested himself in various fields: as a historian and philosopher, linguist and philologist, journalist, pedagogue, prose writer and playwright, critic and literary historian, folklorist, journalist, lawyer and politician. His ideas are highlighted in terms of the reconciliation between natural factors and spiritual factors in the formation of a people, the communication and assimilation of the values of culture, the culture being, after his conviction, the manifestation of the continuity of a people through their most important, distinct and durable values. The relationship between the national and the universal in culture is studied, mentioning that B.P. Hasdeu pronounced for a harmonious combination of them, categorically rejected cosmopolitanism and considered that each national culture contains a series of universal values but also its unmistakable specificity, which ensures the variety and viability of cultures. In conclusion, it is mentioned that B.P. Hasdeu was firmly convinced that framing European and universal culture is possible only by preserving and promoting national values, primarily language, history, culture, and that the ideas of this great Romanian thinker are current and retain their importance for the younger generation.

57-64

Authors: Elena ARCUŞ-JANTOVAN

In the period between 1711-1859, the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire and the Habsburg Empire/Austrian Empire will mark substantially the political sphere of the Principality of Moldova. As a result, major changes will be in the economic and respectively in the monetary circulation. In the absence of a national monetary system and the right of coinage, on the territory of the Principality there will be in circulation tens of types of foreign coins. In the very large number in circulation will be Turkish currency, of course, followed by the Austrian, Russian, Polish, Dutch, etc. One the regime of domination and the Russian-Austrian-Turkish wars have determined the appearance (Sadagura coins) and intensity of circulation of certain types of coins, especially in the period of annexation of Bukovina (1775) and Bessarabia (1812), or Organic Regulations (1831-1832). The devaluation and the fluctuation of the monetary values caused by speculation contributed to the turmoil in monetary circulation. The monetary stock in circulation could not meet the needs of a developing economy. The financial system of the Principality embraces the characteristics of the period in which the regulations could not be long. Not being supported by a stable political system.

71-84

Authors: Elena FRUMOSU

This article presents an archival analysis of a specific genre of papers from “A collection of Moldovan Medieval Papers” Fund 220 of National Archives of the Republic of Moldova: Family Trees, type of relatives and type of domain. The aim of the analysis is to extend the possibility of exploiting the old family documents, different as a type, the study of some social-economic, political and administrative processes that took part in Basarabia at the beginning of 1812, the year of attaching the region to the Russian Empire. The result of the analysis offers archival dates and tools capable to clear up the features of Family Trees, types of relatives and domain, and clarifies the contextual aspects of creating them in the process of bordering Basarabia in the tsarist system as well as the importance of studying some social categories during the mentioned period. The analysis contains The List of Family Trees, types of relatives and domain, special archival tool of description and retrieval.

90-99

Authors: Igor CERETEU

The intensification of the dissemination of the old Romanian books in eastern Moldova during the first three decades of the 19th century took place after the foundation of the printing house in the Neamţ monastery in 1800-1807 and the establishment of the printing house in Chisinau in 1814. A large number of manuscripts and prints were brought to Bessarabia during the Eteria time (1821) when many monks and priests fled to the western part of Moldova. More than 400 Romanian books were brought to Chisinau from Bucharest as a contribution of the Metropolitan bishop Gregory IV of Ungrovlahia (1823-1834) exiled to this province in 1829 because of misunderstandings with the Russian Tsarist administration. During this period, the book merchants played an important role in the distribution of Romanian books in Bessarabia.

107-113

Authors: Alexandru GHETAN

The reorganization of the medical-sanitary system from Bessarabia in the years 1918-1919 is an indispensable part of the process of territorial-administrative integration of the region as a part of Entire Romania. Creation of an efficient provisionally health system was an action which needed a fast way of application, to solve generalized pandemic crisis. New Sanitary Inspector of Bessarabia created through Orderly No. 60th on 11th of July, 1918 had to fusion in a fast way, the medical local institutions at the Gubernial Land and the new structures created under Romanian auspices, and at the same time to realize the salubrious and antiepidemic activities among the military forces and the civil population. Challenges and obstacles, circumstances and facts, successful and unsuccessful, subjective and objective factors in finalization of the medical sanitary reformer process are direct subjects or tangential parts of this material.

120-129

Authors: Petru CIOBANU

The Roman Catholic community was also a part of the confessional colour of Chisinau since the beginning of the XIX century. The article provides the history of this community during the interbelic period, but not before providing shortly its evolution from the beginning till 1921, when, along with the other parishes of Bessarabia, the Parish “Divine Providence” from Chisinau passed under the jurisdiction of Iasi Diocese. There are provided data about the priests who took care of the Catholics from the locality, about the number of these believers, about the visits of bishops from Iasi in the community, about the material and sacramental situation of the parish, about the popular missions that took place here. Besides these data, the article comprises some information regarding the difficulties that the priests who worked here confronted, as well as the contribution of Catholics from Chisinau to the material support of the Seminary from Iasi.

141-150

Authors: Ion EREMIA

The essence of current Moldovenism is the recognition of existence of ”Moldovan people”, different from the Romanian people, and of “Moldovan language”, different from Romanian language, giving the Russian language the status of a State language. Moldovenists declare themselves loyal defenders of the Moldovan statehood, which must turn to the Euro-Asian Union, not to the European Union. Obviously, under no circumstances they do not accept the discipline of the History of Romanians, permanently requesting its removal from the study plans and the introduction of the discipline “History of Moldova” in order to educate the “patriots of Moldova”. The Moldovenists syntheses that emerged in Chisinau, Moscow and Odessa in the last two decades seek to “demonstrate” the “originality of the Moldovan people”, from their formation in the 13th-14th centuries, perhaps even earlier, in Maramures (Transylvania), to the east of the Carpathians, or perhaps elsewhere. The documentary sources are falsified, they insist that the term voloh would designate a different ethnic entity existent to the East of the Carpathians, from the ethnic community designated by the term valah, living in the space between the Danube and the Carpathians.

155-160

Authors: Iraida Condrea

Recenzie

3-6

Authors: Sanda-Maria ARDELEANU

Notre objectif est d'essayer de démontrer que la mémoire du discours se construit dans les maisons d’édition tout en générant un discours institutionnalisé qui mérite d’être connu et rappelé en tant que discours particulier, car l’édition des textes fait partie des grandes industries créatives depuis qu’elle a été découverte. Lire un livre, une revue ou toute autre publication, signifie à la fois apprendre à devenir conscient de l’identité des éléments pertinents d’un énoncé, porter son regard sur la façon dont le discours s’y construit pour manifester aussi son caractère original, ainsi que son appartenance à différents ensembles de discours qui font la mémoire du discours institutionnalisé dans des maisons d’édition. Cette perspective n’élimine pas les autres puisque nous n’invitons pas à faire un choix entre l’analyse du discours et d’autres approches. Bien au contraire, nous encourageons tout enrichissement ou croisement qui justifie, une fois de plus, la part de la créativité dans un discours institutionnalisé. Si, dans la plupart des cas, on parle de discours institutionnels dans le contexte des discours produits par les institutions, et non pas comme discours présentant de traits spécifiques, nous voulons identifier un discours dans les maisons d’édition comprises en tant qu’institutions, source de discours qui s’institutionnalisent et acquièrent un pouvoir „institutionnalisant”. Le sens de la réflexion va, par conséquent, des discours vers l’entreprise et non vice-versa.

16-19

Authors: Valentina PRISECARI

The present article explains and compares the methods of metaphor identification: MIP (metaphor identification procedure), MIPVU (metaphor identification procedure from Vrije University), MIV (metaphor identification of vehicle terms) and onomasiological-cognitive method of Olaf Jäkel.

26-31

Authors: Ludmila ZBANT

L’intérêt pour le co-fonctionnement de l’espace linguistique d’une ville et sa réception par les destinataires de cet espace, les citadins, est de plus en plus présent dans les recherches linguistiques et pragmatiques actuelles. Dans cet article nous ciblons l’attention sur les effets sémantiques et pragmatiques du jeu de langues et de mots souvent utilisé dans le but de susciter la curiosité et l’intérêt des habitants d’une ville sur différents aspects sociaux, économiques ou culturels, véhiculés par l’affichage publicitaire ou informatif. La compréhension du message construit par le biais de ce procédé déclenche de nombreux procédés cognitifs chez son destinataire en les approchant grâce aux efforts interprétatifs qui en surgissent. Le jeu de langues et de mots fait surgir une grande diversité de procédés textuels assistés souvent par des images. Nous assistons aussi à une «hybridation» des langues qui produisent des effets de jeu, partant de la condition de la connaissance des langues impliquées dans ces nouvelles formations linguistiques. Il faut aussi prendre en calcul les couleurs, l’écriture du texte, le co-positionnement image-texte etc.

40-44

Authors: Claudia CEMÂRTAN

Religious texts, translated from Slavic into Romanian and published at the Eparchial Printing House in Chisinau in the nineteenth century, are characterized by a number of peculiarities (especially syntactic and lexical), due to the influence of the original Slavic. Among the deviations from the norm of the literary language caused by this influence are also the order of words, especially the dislocations and inversions of the constituents of different syntactic structures, analyzed in the present study on the basis of the extract from two religious texts – the “Blagocin instruction” and “The akathist of St. Seraphim of Sarov” – translated from Slavic and published about a century ago: in 1827 and in 1910.

49-58

Authors: Angela GRĂDINARU

L’objectif principal de cette recherche est d’analyser les particularités de la traduction de l’ironie et de l’humour dans le sous-titrage des films comiques. A l’écran, deux formes d’humour se présentent: l’humour non-verbal (images, sons, bruitages) et l’humour verbal (scripts, scénarios). Ce dernier, faisant partie du texte qui est l’objet même de la traduction, il pose souvent un problème pour les traducteurs de l’audiovisuel. Les mots prêtent parfois à rire par eux-mêmes volontairement (calembours, contrepèterie, etc.) ou involontairement (lapsus) et dans ces cas, l’humour naît des mots plus que de leur situation d’énonciation et traduire ces mots en les remplaçant simplement par d’autres mots (synonymes, équivalents) fait perdre la nature comique de l’énoncé. La plupart des problèmes auxquels le traducteur peut se confronter sont à cause des connotations socioculturelles. Car la principale difficulté d’interprétation du message humoristique dans la traduction audiovisuelle, et plus particulièrement dans les comédies, est que les acteurs emploient un langage familier, ce qui implique plus de travail pour le traducteur qui doit inférer l’ensemble des connotations et de références incluant le mode de vie, les traditions, l’histoire ainsi que l’évolution quotidienne que subit les locuteurs et, par conséquent, leur parlé. Traduire l’humour s’avère être un des genres le plus difficile en traduction. Avant tout culturel, l’humour repose sur des jeux de mots qui, en plus des problèmes d’ordre technique, obligent le sous-titreur à chercher des expériences et connaissances communes à celui qui parle et celui qui écoute. Par conséquent, nous allons effectuer l’analyse des différents procédés suivis par le traducteur afin de faire passer le message complet du film de la culture française à la culture roumaine. Nous nous sommes également proposé d’analyser la manière dont le rire est traduit à l’écran à partir du film Bienvenue chez les Cht’is.

65-69

Authors: Valeriu HARABARA

By creating a politico-administrative apparatus in Bessarabia, the Russian “tsarist” authorities promoted the representatives of the Greek ethnic groups in all spheres of public administration in Bessarabia. The factors that influenced the process were conditioned by the professional and intellectual training of the Greek elite, as well as the knowledge of several languages, including Russian. No less important in this context was the protective position towards the Greek immigrants from the Russian “tsarist” authorities. The political and legal status of Bessarabia in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, favorable to foreign nobles, was a turning point in establishing the elite of noble Greeks in this territory. This policy was determined by the authorities' efforts to create a social support to support “tsarism”, a positive image of it, as well as the geopolitical interests of Russia in the Balkans.

76-82

Authors: Ela COSMA

Romanian historiography has traditionally described the revolutions of 1848 in the Romanian Lands by their Transylvanian, Wallachian and Moldavian programmers. While Russian historiography denies the existence of a Romanian 1848 revolution by itself, Hungarian historiography calls it a counter-revolution. Meanwhile, insisting on the obvious programmatic unity of the 1848 revolutions in all Romanian territories (but constantly forgetting blind spots like Bessarabia, Bukovina, Serbian Banat), our historiography paid almost no attention to other main aspects. Thus, the military component of the Romanians’ revolutions of 1848-1849, generally neglected by historians, is revealed in this study. It approaches the Romanian military operations (from one shot battles to a classic war, from folk arming and training in camps to guerilla fights in the mountains), unfolded during the revolutionary years in the Romanian Lands, that is in all the territories with a Romanian demographic majority inside and outside the borders of nowadays Romania. In Transylvania, the so-called “civil war” between the Romanians and Hungarians was in fact a regular and “classic” one year war, being recently defined as a national defense war of the Romanians. Less known war episodes in Great Wallachia and Small Wallachia (Oltenia), as well as the armed resistance in Moldavia and the military camp in Grozești (today Oituz), in the Curvature Capathians, are also described. The military events were closely connected to the Romanians’ fight both for national independence, as a way out of the severe Russian protectorate imposed to the Romanian Principalities, and for unification of all those speaking the Romanian language into a single national state.

87-99

Authors: Ion EREMIA

The historical sources attest the fact that, by the term "vlach", "voloh", and by other derivates, were designated the Romanians, a local population from Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia. The name of the Moldovans ("our Moldovan boyars") does not indicate the ethnic affiliation of the boyars, but the fact that they are vassals of the lord and serve the country to which they belong, Moldavia. Studying the History of Romanians, we do not study the history of a foreign people, but our history, the history of Romanians from Moldova, Bogdan the Ist the Founder, who removed the Hungarian domination, also being a Romanian. The foreigners who visited Moldova and the Romanian Principalities considered Moldavans and Muntenians as one nation. Both countries were considered in the past, and today as Romanian countries too, and their spoken language, as the Romanian language.