Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Stiinte umanistice

03-09

Authors: Джанфранко ДЖИРАУДО

This article is proposing major steps aimed at restoring the fight against alcoholism in Russia since the eleventh century until the Soviet era. Data are made with reference to the methods of struggle against this phenomenon in Russia, as well as policy on alcohol and their monopoly, public procurement and taxation, Soviet propaganda campaigns (unsuccessfully) against alcohol abuse and attempts to promote weak drink.

18-27

Authors: Andrei PROHIN

During the XV-XVI c., in the Romanian Principalities has circulated a rich literature dedicated to prophetic dreams and visions. An important category of prophetical dreams, being presented in the Byzantine and South-Slavonic sources, was the monarchic dream that anticipated the birth, the political carrier or death of the sovereign. In the historical works, such dreams could represent means of criticising or legitimating the sovereign’s power. The tradition of prophetic dreams assigned to sovereigns was continued in the Romanian area, being centred on the figures of several princes of Moldova (Ştefan cel Mare, Alexandru Lăpuşneanu, Petru Şchiopul). In contrast with dreams, that occurred while sleeping, visions took place while awake and, according to the Slavonic manuscripts from the Romanian Principalities, revealed mainly issues of spiritual life.

35-42

Authors: Sergiu BACALOV

The boyars Varzari represented an old family of nobles of the Principality of Moldova. They played an important role in the history of the Carpathian-Dnistrian territory. A few inedite archival documents highlight new aspects concerning noble family Varzari in Ecaterinoslav and Herson regions.

61-72

Authors: Иван ДУМИНИКА

The article contains analyzes of works concerning the subject. Problems are discussed thematically. Thus, the author reflected the historiographical debates on the causes of migration of Bulgarians in the late 18th century, their further life order in the south of Malorussia and the territory between Prut and Dniestr. There are presented works which reflect the popular and military colonization of the region. Are allocated the views of historical schools on the participation of the Bulgarian volunteers in royal hussar regiments and active actions hed by them during the Russian-Turkish wars. Are also reflected discussions on socio-economic development of Bulgarian immigrants. Royal legislation on the issue of Bulgarians' attracting and relocating has become one of the research problems here. There are listed severe discussions regarding the question of the first attestation of the Bulgarians between Prut and Dniester. Author presents arguments of some researchers on the issue of periodization of the Bulgarians resettlement dating from the first settlements, as well as their starting points in the Bulgarian lands. Conclusions concern problems that are poorly or not at all represented in the historiography.

80-84

Authors: Igor BERCU

Late 18th century – beginning of the 19th century was marked by a broad confrontation of forces and interests of the Great Powers in southeastern Europe. An important role in these confrontations has played Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire. Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812 ended with the signing of the Peace of Bucharest on May 16/28 1812. Following this treaty, the Eastern territory of Moldavia, called in Jassy the territory “beyond the Prut River” was annexed by the Tsarist Empire. The new administration has taken a number of measures which were aimed at strengthening the Tsarist administration in the new acquired territory. An important part of the annexed territory previously have belonged to the so-called Ottoman „re’âyâ”, i.e. territory administered directly by Istanbul which was set up in Moldavia during the late 15th century - beginning of the 18th century. Besides the major issues that had to settle the tsarist administration, there was the issue of status of the so-called pious Muslim properties that were established on the territory of the Ottoman administrative units throughout the centuries. The methods used were simple, but highly effective. Since almost entirely Muslim population left the territory after 1812, the mosques have been transformed to Orthodox churches with the approval of the high clergy and Tsarist civil authorities. On August 21, 1813 the Tsar’s Alexander I Decree established a new „Archdiocese of Chisinau and Hotin” which legalized turning mosques into Christian Orthodox churches, the latter being one of the main methods of imposing Russian spiritual dominance in Bessarabia.

102-104

Authors: Elena ARCUŞ-JANTOVAN

La situation géographique du Galaţi a joué un rôle très important pour établir et développer des liens, non seulement au niveau national, mais aussi au niveau international. Particulièrement compte tenu de son importance économique pendant le XVIIIe siècle, par Galaţi s'effectuait une grande partie du commerce dans le bas-Danube. Avec la signature du traité d'Andrinople se produit un développement du commerce et une prospérité plus évidente en 1837 quand Galaţi est déclaré un port franc. En examinant comment se passait le commerce dans cette ville, on peut remarquer les types de pièces de monnaie qui ont été utilisés dans le commerce, compte tenu de l'instabilité monétaire qui est maintenue au XIXe siècle, jusqu’en 1867, quand la monnaie nationale devient le „leur”. Des opérations commerciales sont effectuées très intensément au XVIIIe siècle. Les voyageurs étrangères. nous offrent une information particulièrement importante concernant ces opérations (Anthoine Antoine-Ignace de Saint-Joseph, W. Chzanovski, etc.). La monnaie turque, la piastre et le para ont servi comme monnaie de calcul. Les Archives diplomatiques du ministère d'Affaires étrangères à Paris contiennent des fonds avec la correspondance commerciale du Galaţi, d'où nous pouvons tirer quel genre de pièces de monnaie ont été utilisés dans l'expression de la valeur des marchandises, parce que les prix étaient exprime en unités françaises et étrangères. On est évident que quand se réglementaient les prix, ils étaient exprimés en piastres, florins, francs, livres, etc. Ce qui d'un point de vue révèle la complexité des liens commerciaux et d'un autre point, la spéculation a été facile a cause de tous les changements dans la circulation monétaire. En conclusion on peut dire qu'en analysant le commerce de Galaţi, on peut entendre la situation générale de la circulation monétaire des principautés roumaines.

110-116

Authors: Cristina GHERASIM

In the article, based on archive documents and published monographic studies, to treat the problem of assimilation of allergenic nobles by Bessarabian nobility, having as example the polish nobles. Being strategically, located Bessarabia was of particular interest in expansion policy of the Russian Empire. For these reasons, once the territory annexed, the tsarist searched to create a social base here to support and promote imperial policy. Besides granting various privileges to the native population, especially to the nobility, the imperial administration directed an intense colonization policy of the territory between Dniester and Prut and infiltration of Russian nobles or just simple clerks of Russian origin, coming from different parts such as Poland, Austria etc. among native nobility. As a result, during the XIXth century, alongside with local boyars in the confirmation of titles of nobility, at the commission created to this purpose, were registered representatives of allergenic nobility. Analysis of the files submitted by polish nobility revealed that their noble titles were confirmed after the presentation of a certificate certifying the applicant's noble affiliation by Assembly of Deputies of nobility from Podolia. There are as well cases of refusal of confirmation of titles to the polish nobility. After several attempts, titles were still not recognized though the Assembly of Deputies of nobility from Podolia has previously accepted it. Such is the case of Cernelevski family. In December 1802, the Assembly of Deputies of nobility from Podolia confirmed the title to Andronache Cernelevski as successor of Moldavian boyar but refused it to his heirs motivating by the fact of absence of documents testify their family ties. In this situation, the Cernelevskis requested to be accepted in the odnodvorets category from Bessarabia. So once the infiltration of the allergenic people among Bessarabian nobility accomplished, this led to changing ethnic composition, russification and denationalization of this social category.

124-129

Authors: Виктор САВЧЕНКО

L’article s’intéresse à la structure sociale et aux causes de l’émergence d’un mouvement anarchiste dans le gouverne¬ment de Bessarabie de l’Empire russe au commencement du ХХ siècle, à l’action de certains groupes d’anarchistes-communistes à Chisinau et à Akkerman (Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi). L’article insiste sur les liens étroits que les anarchistes de Moldova entretenaient avec leurs amis politiques d’Odessa, en évoquant les actes de terreur politique et économique qu’ils organisaient conjointement avec les anarchistes d’Odessa.

138-145

Authors: Gheorghe PALADE

This study analyses the issues related to the activity of the school committees created in Romania at the initiative of the C. Angelescu, the Minister of Education, by the Decree-law of July 1919. Their core objective was to mobilize efforts and the means of the rural and urban population with the aim to build schools. As a result of these committees activity and due to the financial aid provided by the government, the number of education institutions increased signifi¬cantly. Thus, the number of primary schools in Bessarabiadoubledfrom1383 in the year 1918 to 2628 in the year 1940. Besides building and maintaining schools, the school committees were responsible for ensuring schools with teaching supplies and books for pupils, which is confirmed by several official requests submitted tot he Casa Scoalelor Publishing house in this respect. The school committees and the teaching staff contributed a lot to the establishing of the obligatory primary education and ensuring school attendance among pupils. As compared to the rest of the Romanian provinces, this process was more difficult in Bessarabia, where people were illiterate and ignorant as a consequence of the tsarist regime. The school committees were entitled to apply fines to pupils who missed classes. The analyzed documents show that, in many cases, committees had to reduce the school fine due to the rural population’s difficult material circumstances that occurred especially during drought years. The school committees’ activities were more efficient during liberal governments form 1922-1926 and 1934-1937, as they were truly encouraged by the Ministry of education led by C. Angelescu. Building schools was promoted during public conferences, in cinemas, in public ceremonies of awarding medals for special merits. During the se years, the provisions of the law on the obligatory primary education were complied with very strictly. The increase of the number of schools in Bessarabia, the reduction of illiteracy, the forming of peoples’ love for school was also the merit of the school committees.

159-171

Authors: Людмила БУРМЕНКО

This article considers with some aspects of the mass repressions implementation of 1937-1938 in MASSR. The author analyses the NKVD operational orders № 00447 and 00487 which became formal justification for terror. The study presents actual materials which confirm the author’s opinion about intelligentsia position selectivity. Intelligentsia was treated by the government an unreliable social element and was per sued by it in the course of any punitive company. As a result, due to the totalitarian regime intellectuals regularly expended the number of repressed citizens.

177-186

Authors: Виталие БОЙКОВ

The history of region development is closely linked to the processes of formation of the Orthodox Church on the territory of modern Gagauzia. Today, few people in the region of ATU Gagauzia (Gagauz Yeri) classify themselves as atheists or members of religious denominations that are not related to Christianity. The vast majority of the population identify themselves, in varying degrees, as the followers of Christ’s teaching. On scientific and educational level, the importance of the historical role played by the orthodoxy in the fate of the Gagauz people is generally elucidated in modern historiography. However, the history of the evolution of the Orthodox Church on the territory of modern Gagauzia remains poorly studied and requires further research. This issue looks especially topical at the background of the ideological vacuum formed in the cultural life of the regional community after the collapse of the Soviet state and its official atheist policy. The article aims to outline the main range of issues within the chosen topic and to determine the extent of its relevance in our time.

193-198

Authors: Asadi NEJMAH

The state of Israel even prior to its establishment, faces, in daily life, terrorist organizations that want to destroy it. Terrorism and terrorist acts as implied from the original meaning of the word – fear, anxiety, terror, are meant to plant fear amongst the attacked public and bring about its demoralization and confusion, and disruption of routine life. Occasionally it is performed also as an act of revenge in a blood circle of violence. A substantial part of terrorism weapons is the extensive publicity its activity gains in public, through electronic and printed media. In terrorism, a blow to the “soft stomach” of the state (civilians) is performed, with the purpose of causing the state to give in to the demands of terrorism operators. In the basis of terrorism is also an objection to the basis of legitimacy of the ruling government, in that it is not capable of guarantying the safety of its citizens and maintain public order. This article presents the attitudes and ways of operation of terrorist organizations and how Western intelligence attempts to thwart, foil and prevent these organizations from casing for destruction and victims in human lives and state.

205-209

Authors: Angela POPA

Post-Marxist theory is an alternative approach to the classical Marxist theory of socio-political phenomena and proposes, theoretically, a revision of Marxist conceptual arsenal. Methodological, it extends the analytical spectrum with new borrowed methods from psychoanalysis, structuralism and poststructuralism. The promoters of Post-Marxism are interested in understanding and explaining the mechanisms of individual subjectivity formation and in revealing the identity differences in contemporary society.