AMERICAN RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND LITERATURE

4

Authors: Sofe Ahmed

Education is a sign and gift of the development and progress of human civilization. It simply functions to transmit a nation’s historical, cultural as well as moral values (Sattar, 1982:12). It is also viewed as a subsystem of the total systems of the society that influences or is influenced by various social institutions, and ideologies like religion, family, state, politics, community, or social stratification (Buch,1974:92).However, thousands-years old human civilization has developed a universal definition or concept of education. Consequently, whenever any fallacy or phony practice is noticed in the case of education, it fairly becomes vivid to every conscious and educated man of every society. They can distinguish what is education and what is not. Here is a matter of deep concern regarding education in modern time that the absence or lack of emphasis on various fundamentals or basic aspects of education in modern curriculum. Studies and evaluation of syllabuses of different higher educational institutions, particularly of Bangladesh show that there is little or zero emphasis on the moral values of education in the programs of graduation and post graduation specifically. Curriculum designers seem to be too much technical or mechanical in their approach of designing curriculum. This tendency of over emphasis on technical or so called job oriented education misguides them to avoid covering the fundamentals or basic concepts of education while designing the syllabus. As a result, a kind of educational anarchy is going on in the realm of modern education. Learners are going far from attaining the essential purposes of education. They little think and care about what the goals and functions of education and an educated citizen are. They fail to fulfill what society expects from educated society. The society is thus also deprived from their expectation of benefit education and services of educated class. The current study is an effort to focus on what the actual concepts of education are and what is going on in modern practices of education in Bangladesh. Finally, it tries to find some solutions to bring the educational practices back to its origin or track to achieve the purposes of education.

5

Authors: krispinchan

In small-town literature, small town is sometimes symbolized as a trap, or metaphorized as an iron house or a madhouse, imprisoning the characters in it. In turn, all those characters endeavor to resist or rebell against such a capture or fetter in various ways. Their ways of deviance can be represented by imagination or fantasy, body or sex, escape or leave and reformation or revolution, which can be narrated as a conflict between the individual and community of small towns. From the conflict, we can read between the lines hero ‘s or heroine ‘s aspirations in small-town society

12

Authors: Acheoah John Emike

This paper proposes a new theoretical framework for the analysis of discourse. Thus, this paper presents the Pragma-crafting Theory to explain discourse from a more comprehensive and integrative perspective. Insights from research in pragmatics, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis and semiotics give this study direction. Two super-ordinate concepts in the theory are EVENT and TEXT. The former consists of interactive and noninteractive participants while the latter consists of setting, theme and p-crafting features. Therefore, the theory is particularly an extension of Mey (2001). On the whole, the present study finds out that an all-encompassing analysis of communicative events presupposes the explanation of the interaction between communication acts (speech acts, segmental features, supra-segmental features, phones, exclamations, lyrical and non-lyrical music, sociolinguistic variables, drumming, semiotic particulars, etc.) and communication features such as indexicals,shared macro-knowledge, shared contextual knowledge, shared knowledge of emergent context, geoimplicature,contextual implicature and other P-crafting features.