INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDORSING HEALTH SCIENCE RESEARCH

8-20

Authors: Christina Gyawali 1, 2, Chao Wang 1,3, Jie Zhou 1, Sagar Thapa 4, Jinlin Song 1, 2

Background Lingual orthodontics (LiO) has developed rapidly in recent years and research on treatment of overbite by using Rocking Chair Arch (RCA) wire of different curve depths is still limited, especially with 3-dimensional Finite Element (FE) models. The main objectives are to study the biomechanical differences in maxillary anterior teeth between lingual and labial orthodontics and observe the lingual mechanics on different inclinations of teeth. Methods The force produced by Nickel-Titanium, Stainless Steel (SS) RCA for both sides was measured using Electromechanical Universal Testing Machine. 6 FE models were constructed and divided into 2 groups according to SS wire of 0.016×0.022-inch standard and mushroom arch shaped RCA of curve depth 2, 4, 6 mm. Additional 9 FE models were constructed and divided into 3 groups based on Retroclination (-5°, -10°) and Proclination (+10°). Results Use of same diameter of SS RCA with same curve depth but on different sides shows more stress and strain, displacement of teeth in lingual mechanics. Also, stress-strain, displacement increased with increasing RCA curve depth. In LiO, intrusion of normally inclined or proclined teeth are accompanied by little or no labial tipping whereas that of retroclined teeth is accompanied by further lingual tipping. Conclusion In the intrusion using Lingual RCA, to avoid the traumatic force to teeth, the curve depth should be lesser than Labial RCA or apply more elastic arch material; Aligning different inclined teeth into normal inclination firstly and proceed with the application of intrusive force can be the best approach.

28-29

Authors: Peer Asad Aziz, Riaz.A.Raja, Syed Khizr Naim, Noor-ul-ain Qureshi, Sanaullah Pathan & Ali Abbas

This case was reported at Department of Neurosurgery, LUMHS Jamshoro, A 12 year old male patient who admitted to neurosurgery department through OPD with complains of pain in mid back for 2 years ,loss of urinary and fecal control for last 7 months ,weakness of lower limbs for last 6months and unablity to walk since last 2 months . Patient had pain in dorsolumbar region for last 2yrs which was on and off , severe in intensity , nocturnal relieved by injectable medications ,with passage of time initially he suffered from overflow incontinence followed by frank incontined=ce and developed weakness of both lower limbs which progressed from distal to proximal ,it was painless and caused patient to fell down after few steps ,then after short duration of time pt became bedridden ,on examining he had decreased power in upper limbs and had power against resitance i.e. 4/5 , griping was also weak otherwise reflexes ,tone and other findings in upper limb were normal , in both lower limb he had muscular atrophy with flaccidity , reflexes were absent ,fasciculation was negative ,power was 0/5 in both lower limbs , plantars were non responsive ,he had decreased anal tone with loss of bladder control he had anesthesia below D6 level and had kyphotic deformity and tenderness over mid back rest of CNS examination was normal . Patient was investigated and Mri of spine showed A Space occupying lesion extending from cervical to lumbar region with intra medullary presence in axial scans and.so patient underwent D9 to L1 lamenectomy with myleotomy an tumor was gross totally excised . Intraoperatively the tumor was reddish colored,with jelly like thread seen below tumor leve it was adhering spinal cord seprated and removed in piece meal .histopathology revieled oligoastrocytoma spine. Spinal oligoastrocytoma are mixed glial cells having both astrocytic and oligodendroglial components and is one of most rare of spinal cord patholiges .to date only 7 cases were reported in English literature. Such tumors occur in early adolescent and young adults till middle ages 40’s, but they can however occur in children and are very difficult to identify from astrocytomas on radiological imaging .ZHUO described one in may ‘2016 as primary spinal oligoasrocytoma in craniofacial journal. Shinztu described another in 2004 according to him these are one extremely rare conditions to occur and only few cases are reported he reported it 43 yr old and showed that disease had genetic involvement with chromosome 1p & 19q ,those with such associations have better survival ,and in that report patient further went for radiotherapy . Guo JH described primary spinal cord anaplastic oligoastrocytoma in spinal journal in feb’2016 in paraplegic patient .according to him it is rare lesion he reported it in 10 yr old girl and her mri showed intramedullary mass from c5 to d5 with syringobulbia and syringomyleia, genetic analysis showed 1p and 19q association and not 10 q association . Conclusion: To our best of knowledge it is one of extremely rare condition and only 7 cases are reported in past . This case report is to add on knowledge about spinal oligoastrocytoma to occur among children with their unique presentation and large spinal involvement from cervical to lumbar region.

37-42

Authors: Muhammad Imran1, Sumreen Begum2, Dr. Abdul Hafeez Kandhro3, Nazia Ahmed4, Rashida Qasim5

Glycemic control is a very useful parameter for the prevention of the chronic metabolic diseases complications such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and kidney disease. Glycemic control management among chronic metabolic diseases has been an area of active research from the past decades. The glycemic index specifies that how fasting blood glucose level is elevated after consuming a high carbohydrate-containing diet. The metabolic studies among the human populations showed that glycemic index is directly related with different chronic metabolic diseases. The sturdiest associations are suggested that the low caloric diet consumption can prevents metabolic complications. Primary and tight glycemic control is compulsory to prevent and reduce the development of vascular complications in individuals with chronic disorders. The aim of this review was to provide a practical guideline on the bases of the survey of the related key studies which had reflected the clinical guidelines and current perspectives related to glycemic management. The objective of this review is also to investigate the interventions, related to glycemic control in patients with diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, we can say that multidisciplinary management of glycemic control are powerful measure for the prevention of metabolic diseases complications, providing necessary support for reducing in economic burden of chronic metabolic diseases.

45-51

Authors: Sonya Arshad1, Muhammad Nisar,2 Syeda Hiba Hashmi2

Objective: The study was aimed to estimate premenstrual syndrome and its consequent symptoms in married and unmarried females during menstrual phase, pre-ovulatory phase and post-ovulatory phase. Methodology: A cross sectional survey based study has been conducted in young females of 25-35 age groups. Participants were divided into two groups. Group A were with PMS and group B were healthy subjects. The evaluation of manifestations in all three phases was gathered by using PRISMcalendar. The data was collected and stored and analyzed by applying Chi-square test by using SPSS v.22.0. Result: The result revealed that the severity were different among unmarried (55%) and married (50%) in all three phases of Menstrual cycle. Unmarried female shows their symptoms 54.5% in menstrual phase , 27.3%in post ovulatory phase and 18.2% in pre ovulatory phase , while married females express 50% , 30%, 20.0% respectively in all the three phases. The significant (p<0.05)result were recorded in menstrual phase by showing back pain, anxiety, breast pain, headache, depression, nausea, abdominal cramps, irritability and swelling in both married and unmarried women. While Diarrhea and vomiting foundnon-significant (p>0.05).Constipation was additional significant factor present in married females. Discussion: The present study among unmarried females and married females revealed that premenstrual syndrome (PMS) differs in each of three groups. Women of reproductive age either married or unmarried showing significant symptoms of PMS, however different phases have different percentage among these two groups. Conclusion: According to our results, we concluded that in unmarried and married females, PMS were found frequently during menstrual phase and remaining two phases has no prevailing clinical manifestation.