INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDORSING HEALTH SCIENCE RESEARCH

1-4

Authors: Amir Abdullah

Regardless of advancement in the health care profession, cancer is the leading cause of death. After diagnosing the cancer patient, it is difficult for health care professionals to tell the truth or not. A successful relationship between patients and health care providers depends on the establishment of trust, which is strongly connected with communication based on truth. According to utilitarian argument, it is claimed that health professionals must do something which will produce more relief than anything else that it would render. In utilitarianism moral theory, health professionals will hold morally some right actions which will maximize utility, happiness, welfare and well-being. According to Kant, the consequences are not sufficient for making judgment, and informed consent of disease and treatment must be shared with the patient or family members to maintain the dignity. The doctor needs to minimize his/her personal assumptions in treatment and prognosis.

10-13

Authors: Amber Hussain Sayani & Dilshad Begum Maqsad Jan

Nursing is a field which is directly affecting patients’ quality of life. For this, there is a dire need to bring competent and professional nurses who pass on the dignity of their nursing profession. This heavy responsibility to produce such competent and professional nurses lies on educational institutions and nursing schools. Educational institutions play a vital role in offering a standard of education for future nurses. Hence, it is essential or educational institutions of nursing to undergo a quality assurance process in order to monitor their efficiency and standards of nursing education. While comparing two nursing institutions, we found some issues and challenges in both private and public institutions. Public institution has the resources, but poor strategic planning for initiating the new programs; while private institute cannot expand their programs due to lack of resources. Private institute has a better education system as compared to the public institute despite of limited possessions.

17-20

Authors: Nawroz Bibi Zeenat Shah1, Sobia Idrees2 & Misbah Zafar3

Performance appraisal is a very challenging task for a manger that needs expertise along with commitment to fulfill the process in a fair and transparent manner. There are some standards, which are very essential for motivation of the staff and organizational growth. Performance appraisal does not only mean evaluating the performance of a staff but it provides a platform to overcome the deficiencies and set plan for the staff with mutual understanding. The most neglected part of performance appraisal process is setting SMART goals for the staff by a manager with mutual understanding. Many factors hinder the process of appraisal that include; organizational culture, predetermined budgetary constraints, capability of manger/supervisor and lack of training opportunities by human resource department. These factors may lead to dissatisfaction among staff and in the long run develops a mindset with negative image for the entire process. Maslow’s needs theory should be kept in mind to evaluate the performance of a staff as all human have common needs but with different desires to satisfy their hierarchy of needs.

23-28

Authors: Mehwish Zeeshan, Muhammad Imran, Humaira Jabeen, Sumreen Begum, Nazia Ahmed & Rashida Qasim

Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors including obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. MS in obese and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The objective of the present study is to estimate the prevalence of MS in obese T2DM subjects by using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) definitions. Methods Obese T2DM (n=70) and normal healthy subjects (n=30) of both genders were selected from hospitals and diabetic centers of various localities of Karachi, Pakistan. The frequency of MS was estimated by utilizing criteria of the proposed definitions of IDF and NCEP-ATP III. Results The prevalence of MS using IDF definition in obeseT2DM subjects was 85.7%. It is significantly higher (p≤0.05) in females (45.70%) as compared to males (30.0%). While, using NCEP-ATP III definition the overall prevalence of MS in obese T2DM subjects was 75.7%, the prevalence is significantly higher (p≤0.05) in females (47.1%) than males (38.6%). The development of MS was highly observed between 31 – 40 years of age under criteria of both definitions. Conclusion It is concluded that, the overall prevalence of MS is increasing significantly in obese T2DM subjects by using IDF and NCEP – ATP III definitions. However, IDF is more stringent for defining MS. Therefore, it is needed to initiate the preventive measures of a healthy lifestyle and emphasis should be given to reduce weight, increase physical activity, and increase intake of healthy low-glycemic-index foods