International Journal of Environmental Problems

89-98

Authors: Valery I. Glazko, Gleb Yu. Kosovsky, Tatina T. Glazko

A comparative analysis of distributional density of the DNA regions potentially predisposed to quadruplex formation was conducted on proviral DNA encoding hemagglutenin (HA) and neuroaminidase (NA) of the avian influenza virus, and also on the env and pol genes of bovine leukemia virus. We discovered that increased genetic heterogeneity of the HA gene coincides with the high frequency of appearance of nucleotide sequences predisposed to G4 quadruplex formation compared to the NA gene. Similar tendency was observed during the comparison of distribution of potential G4 quadruplexes in the env and pol genes of the bovine leukemia virus. Data obtained allowed to suppose that non-overlapping sequences with relatively heightened predisposition to G-quadruplex formation can reflect, to a large extend, recombination events. And variable sequences can reflect the nucleotide context that contributes to appearance of new mutations. In the present article we discuss possible connection between increased density of non-canonical nucleotide structures in genes, products of which interact with receptors of target cells, and their genetic heterogeneity supported in the host-pathogen system.

131-148

Authors: Fedor N. Lisetskii, Alexander V. Matsibora, Vitaliy I. Pichura

The purpose of the study was the reconstruction of palaeoclimatic conditions of the second half of the Holocene on the results of the study of floodplain soils and qualitative composition of humus in the chronological series of buried soils in the south of the East European Plain. Database palaeogeographic studies in the steppe of East European plain zone were created. On its basis the analysis of chronological series, which were compiled by the archaeological and radiocarbon dating of automorphic and floodplain soils. It was established 10 stages of formation Subboreal floodplain soils in the territory of Bug, which are mainly related periods of aridity and reducing the intensity of the processes of accumulation of alluvium, while subatlantic Holocene was characterized by a decrease in temperature and increase in humidity. The connection between climate change and soil types in Subboreal and subatlantic Holocene was analyzed. According to the results of comprehensive research palaeopedological three main lines of evolution of soils over the past 5000 years have been found. Spatial and temporal variations of the Holocene soil types due to the dynamics of hydrothermal climate indicators, which led to the displacement of natural areas to the north in subboreal and south — in Sub-Atlantic. In the south the East European Plain in automorphic soil conditions climatically favorable conditions identified during periods of 7-5 thousand. Liters. n. and 2200–1300 liters. n. The most notable aridity in the Late pedogenesis stories emerged in the V century. BC. e. The mathematical relationship between the indicators such as the value of total annual energy costs on soil formation, climate assessment of intra-building (through the duration of the biological activity of the period) and production plants have been developed. This helps to explain the zonal features of display of soil-forming process and, in particular, the formation of qualitative composition of humus (the ratio humic and fulvic acids). Applying established spatial differences of soil and climate on the interim status, climatically conditioned stages of pedogenesis in the Holocene history of automorphic soils were identified. Conducted a comprehensive study palaeopedological Holocene pedogenesis soil formations different stages within the autonomous position of the relief and in river valleys allows us to solve a number of fundamental problems of soil development history, to determine the direction of their evolutionary development, to establish the general trends of soil properties changes in space-time aspect. The results of the study at different times of soil can be used to build predictive models of soil development trends in the context of climate change on the basis of knowledge about the past, for the reconstruction of the living conditions of ancient man, as well as to determine the extent of anthropogenic load on soil.