International Journal of General Engineering and Technology

1-8

Authors: Preethi K. H., Dharanish J, Bheemraj RRajeshwari & Mahesh G Emmi Impact Factor

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is one of the most widely used techniques when welding is carried out to obtain extreme levels of strength. Welded Aluminium alloy structures form the major part of leading industrial technologies used in manufacturing. These friction-stir welded alloys are used in numerous applications like aerospace, military, automobile and related technologies. It is therefore, important to analyse this welded material for all kinds of processing defects. Porosity is one such type of defect which can affect the strength of a welded joint. This paper presents the porosity analysis of Al 6061 Aluminium alloys welded using FSW.

1-10

Authors: Mahesh G Emmi, Varun S, Chethan K, Vishwaprasad R, Sharath Kumar B R & Aravindrao M Y

Natural fibre composites are expected to be in high demand in the coming years due to increased consumer awareness to reduce waste and to make environment friendly composites. Recently, there has been rapid growth in research and innovation in the natural fibre composite area. The greatest advantage of these materials compared to synthetic fibre composites is that these are environment friendly. This paper provides an insight on current trends in development and characterization of bagasse based composites. Numerous chemical treatment methods and processing techniques used to improve the thermal, ageing, mechanical and acoustic properties of sugarcane bagasse reinforced composites are summarized in this paper. This research aims at development of polymer matrix composites using sugarcane bagasse fibres and to study its mechanical behaviour under external loads. The test specimens are prepared according to the ASTM standards. Testing of Mechanical properties such as impact energy, tensile strength and flexural strength is undertaken and the results are presented.

27-36

Authors: Janvier Kamanzi & Mohamed Tariq Ekeramodien Kahn

Energy and safe water are indispensable to human wellbeing. However, a population of over a billion in the majority living in the sub-Saharan region are still without access to electricity and safe water. Studies have shown that 80 % of deadly diseases originate from the use of brackish water while electricity challenges pose a hindrance to information access and development.

1-12

Authors: Ir. Sakdillah, M.M& Ir. Tommy Trides, S.T., M.T

Mining is an activity carried out to take deposits of minerals below the earth's surface, one of which is coal. To calculate how much money is spent to buy minerals? Another thing agreed in the calculation of reserves is as a basis for economic evaluation, whether regional research is feasible or not feasible. Research conducted at PT. Pancaran Surya Abadi, Kutai Lama, Anggana District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, where the calculation is done using a computerbased program, Minescape 4118.In this study the block model method is used to determine the optimal potential area for mining activities, from the block model is made a solid block batter (with the contour structure as the lower boundary and topography as the upper limit), so that from the solid block we can make reshgraph based on the stripping ratio value of 4.6: 1, from the results of the reshgraph can be determined the potential area to be mined marked with certain colours. The results of the research that has been carried out, obtained seam A coal seam modelling has a thickness of 2.21 meters and seam B 5.19 meters. The calculation of mining reserves obtained by coal is 13,074,635.12 MT, overburden is 60,532,994.96 BCM, and so a stripping ratio of 4.6: 1 is obtained.

29-40

Authors: Hailye Tekleselase Michael

Background: digital technology plays an important role in higher education institutions. Objective: this study investigate show students and instructors are using digital tools, for what purposes they use digital technology and to what extent digital technologies adopted in higher education. Methodology: structural equation modeling was used; triangulation approaches, data have been collected from the students (n= 168), instructors (n=64) using a survey questionnaires and an in-depth interviews with students, instructors. Data was analyzed using SPSSv26.Result: Based on the data analysis more than 88.09 % of students use digital tools for non-academic purposes(for entertainment),like playing games, online chatting with their friends, watching videos (movies),telegram, face book for personal or social use. However digital tools have a great impact on student academic achievement especially for students who score in GPA are greater than 3.5. Conclusion: higher education students have access to digital tools like the internet, desktop computers (1:6), laptops (4.16 %) and mobile devices (97.61 %). But 88.09 % of learners use educational technology for enjoyment purposes. The digital competency of instructors and students are very low. (74.21 % of instructors not use digital tools in the Classroom)

57-64

Authors: Ramya V

Fruits and vegetables processing equipments are very well used and needed for every type of industry nowadays. Processing of the fruits and vegetables is important for their use for direct consumption or as a food ingredient. During processing, the emphasis is there on preserving the color, taste, texture and nutrition of the food product with improvement in its shelf life. Some of the basic processes used in the processing industry are grading, freezing, washing, peeling, slicing, size sorting and reduction, canning, packaging, dehydration etc. In the selection of the processing method that can be used in a particular situation, the type of produced outcome, the cost associated with it and the market demand of the produce, all are considered. Hence, the aim of the present paper is to study and analyze the factors that play a crucial role in designing and development of different equipments that can be used for the processing of fruits and vegetables of different types and for different applications.

75-84

Authors: K. N. Narasimha, N. Lakshminarasimaiah, Aravindrao M Yadwad, Rajeswari P & Mahesh G. Emmi

Solid waste management (SWM) is a major problem for many urban local bodies (ULBs) in India, where urbanization, industrialization and economic growth have resulted in increased municipal solid waste (MSW) generation per person [1].Solid Waste has been a menace and Solid Waste Management (SWM) is one of the inevitable problems in Indian Cities. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation per capita in India ranges from approximately 0.12 kg per person per day in small towns to approximately 0.62 kg per person per day in cities half of which is biodegradable[2]. Studies in the past reveal that nearly 90 % of the Solid Waste is being disposed in open dumps and landfills without any treatment. The Present study was aimed to comprehend the quantity of Solid Waste generated in India and review the status of SWM. Further, the technologies and best practices to be adopted and replicated for minimizing the pollution due to Solid Waste are discussed along with detailed techno-commercial analyses of biomethanation which is a latest trend in treating biodegradable waste. The solid waste flux a new concept in analyzing the waste load per area of the land is analyzed and is found to be 43.69kg per square kilometer for India.

1-8

Authors: Mulugeta Andualem Abate & Atinafu Asfaw Yesho

Integral transformations have been successfully used for almost two centuries in solving many problems in applied mathematics, mathematical physics, and engineering science. Shehu transform is new integral transform type which is convenient mathematical methods for solving advance problems of engineering and sciences which are mathematically expressed in terms of differential equations, system of differential equations, partial differential equations, integral equations, system of integral equations, partial integro-differential equations and integro differential equations. In this study, we discussed the relationship between this new integral transform with other some integral transforms.

15-36

Authors: Agegnehu Kitanbo Yoshe

Land and water resources assessment for irrigation wasimportant for decision makers and planner for sustainable natural resources. This research was to assess availability of irrigation inEyanda river watershed. Based on multi criteria evaluation method on suitable land for surface irrigation was evaluated based on soil physical properties, land cover type and slope. Watershed delineation was first completed, then suitable parameter for evaluating surface irrigation potential was characterized finally water potential assessment was done. After that each parameters for suitability assessment was reclassified and mapped according to suitability classification for determination irrigation development to reduce poverty. Then all parameters are overlaid and show that 71.4 % of the total lands were found between highly to slightly suitable for agriculture, whereas 28.6 % was unsuitable class due to slope, type of land cover in and soil physical properties soil suitability inEyanda watershed. The performance efficiency indicators were evaluated and the result was 0.84 for R 2 , RVE which was -8 and NSE was 0.5 for calibration and R2 was 0.76, NSE value was 0.87 and RVE value was -9 % for model validation of stream flow analysis and it shows that the parameter falls within the acceptable range. Crop water requirement was evaluated for sorghum, maize and pepper and Available water was calculated at 85 % consistent discharge abstracted from the ArcSWAT. The outcome designates that designates that water available in river was more than amount of water needed by crop.

47-54

Authors: Ramya V

Rheology is known to be the science of flow of matter and its deformation. It is the study of the way in which any material responds to the factors like applied stress or strain. Hence, it describes the interrelation between force, deformation and time. The study of rheological properties in the food sciences is of much importance as it got its utility in operations related to food processing and sensory characteristics. This is because textural characteristics of a food material defines its overall quality and unless the major quality attributes of the food product meets the defined quality standards, the product will get rejected eventually regardless of its nutritional count. The science of rheology not only deals with fluids but also with the solid foods. The aim of the present paper is to list out and evaluate the importance of different rheological properties of the food materials whether they are in the form of solids, fluids or frozen foods.

1-8

Authors: Adesola M.O, Akande E. A & Adejuyitan J.A

Pawpaw seed is a rich source of phytochemicals with great preservative potentials. However, it is an underutilised seed due to lack of awareness of its use by consumers. As a result, this research was aimed at evaluating the effects of fermentation on the chemical composition of fermented pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed. The traditional method of fermenting locust bean by (Afolabi and Ofobrukweta, 2011 and Dakare 2011) was adopted with some modifications, predried dehulled, pawpaw seed kernels were boiled, incubated and allowed to ferment for 72 h and dried. Analysis was carried out to determine the chemical composition using AOAC (2005). The chemical composition of TEYPS-Tsolo Elongated Yellow papaya seed, which is the variety used for this study contained; 6.41%, ash; 22.32%, protein; 40.29%, fat; 5.47%, fibre; 9.66, moisture content; 15.85%, carbohydrate; 4.69mg/100g, calcium; 5.95mg/100g,iron; 22.52 mg/100g, sodium and 15.51mg/100g, potassium. The fermented sample had the nutritional and chemical composition of; 7.46%, ash; 24.50%, protein; 42.60%, fat; 6.77%, fibre; 7.67%, moisture content; 11.00%, carbohydrate;7.18mg/100g, calcium; 4.33mg/100g, iron; 28.78mg/100g, sodium; 18.38mg/, potassium. The result showed that fermentation greatly improved the nutritional value of the seed.