International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

5

Authors: Parveen Kumar, S. N. Gupta and Manish Patel

Case history: In December 2016, a 65 years old female patient having diabetes mellitus since 8 years and hypertension since 5 years, came to the P D Patel Ayurveda hospital, Nadiad with complains of burning sensations, pain along with numbness in both lower limbs for 10 months. She was assessed by signs and symptoms along with laboratory investigations and neuropathy test (by neuropathy analyser machine) and diagnosed with diabetic sensory polyneuropathy. She was treated with atibalamoola (root of Abutilon indicum Linn.) kvatha 10 g two times in a day orally for total duration of 4 weeks. Quantitative sensory testing was done with the neuropathy analyser vibrotherm Dx from Diabetic Foot care, for detection of vibration, hot and cold sensation threshold. The patient was assessed on every 2 weeks. Results: She got satisfactory relief in all the signs and symptoms. Patient is able to identify the vibration sensation with only 12 frequencies per second which suggest normalcy. Cold sensations are also noticed at 20°C. Earlier it was noticed at 18°C by the patient. Hot sensations also improved markedly by noticing it at 45°C which was not noticeable earlier even at 49.4°C.

5

Authors: Rutu V. Patel and S.N.Gupta

Rectal prolapse is the exteriorization of the rectal mucosa from the anus. In Ayurveda, it is described as a complication of chronic diarrhea. In chronic condition of Atisara, the rectum comes out through the anus due to straining. Partial rectal prolapsed is common in infants and children. The management given in modern medicine is digital repositioning, submucosal injections and surgery. Management indicated in Ayurveda Samhita is related with Deepana Pachana Aushadhi. In these two cases of the rectal prolapse, Balachaturbhadra Churna given to the patient and both got complete relief from prolapsed and diarrhea.

6

Authors: Dipa Mehta and Ankita Viroja

Khalitya is also called Kesharoga in Ayurveda. Acharya Vagbhatt has mentioned Rasayan and Keshyadravyas as a treatment of Khalitya and also helpful to nourish the root of hair. Acharya Susruta said that proper use of Rasayan and Keshyadravyas leads to stoppage of hair fall, increase in length and number of hair and preventing hair from becoming gray or white. In this clinical study patients were treated by Bhringraj tablet and it was very effective in khalitya due to Bhringraja, having Keshay and Rasayan properties.

6

Authors: Krishnamurthy N and Govundraju U

Mamsa is a Matrujabhava. Organs derived from the maternal source in the embryo are organs formed from the Shonita (Artava) of the mother. X chromosome of both the ovum and sperm can be considered as a part of Artava as a female child retains her two X chromosomes from her mother and father’s mother (grandmother) and a male child retains his X chromosome from his mother. Mitochondria of the body are exclusively maternal in origin as the mitochondria of the sperm do not enter the ovum at the time of fertilization. Mitochondrial DNA can be considered as the constituents of Artava. Mutations in the genes of X chromosome and mitochondrial DNA leads to abnormalities in Muscles which explains the possibility of Mamsa as a Matrujabhava.

6

Authors: Khanal Sharada, K.V. Janaki , Sharma K Govinda, P. R. kumari Nisha and Ramesh Paudel

A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to pharmaceutical drugs to prevent decomposition by microbial growth. Chemically synthesized preservatives have been used to decrease both microbial spoiling and oxidation of food. Even there are many natural preservatives like neem oil, salt, sugar, lemon, honey, grape fruit seed extract and citric acid. Materials and methods: In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate preservative action of honey. Vasavaleha was prepared as per the reference obtained from authentic books of Ayurveda. Observation: The product was divided into two groups. Honey was added to one group and honey was not added to other group at the end stage of Avaleha preparation. It was packed in air tight container and observed for changes. Till 15th day, there was no change in color and consistency, in both the groups but from 20th day fungal growth and color change was observed in the group B, which increased with further observation. Discussion: Honey when exposed to atmosphere produces hydrogen peroxide from enzyme glucose oxidase and gluconic acid, these behave as chelating agent which act as preservative. Conclusion: Natural preservative action of honey is established with this work.

7

Authors: Priyakshi Borkotoky and Bishnu Prasad Sarma

A herbal heath mix is developed using powdered parboiled rice(Sandohguri), green gram dal, Arjuna, cinnamon and fenugreek in proportion of 70:30:2:2:2 to treat hyperlipidemia through a holistic, natural healthful and preventative approach. The shelf life study of the developed health product is done to rollout changes in moisture percentage, acid value, peroxide value, free fatty acid content of the health mix after 6 months of storage. The keeping quality and storage life of the health mix after 6 months of storage in air tight condition at normal temperature (room temperature) is found good enough with the moisture content of 9.7%, acid value of 2.2 mg KOH/g (0.22%), peroxide value of 2.4 meq /kg and free fatty acid contents of 1.1%.

7

Authors: Nirmal Bhusal and Santosh Kumar Bhatted

Ankylosing Spondylitis is a seronegative chronic inflammatory disorder affecting primarily the spine and sacroiliac joints, secondly the other major joints in the body. It is more common in males (Male/ Female ratio 9:1) and the age of onset being 15-20 years. The incidence of HLAB27 is less than 1 percent in general population but it is present in more than 85% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The aim of treatment is to control pain and maintain maximum degree of joint mobility. Ayurveda holistic approach may have better results. A 31 years old male patient of Ankylosing Spondylitis with HLAB27 positive since 8 years was admitted in NIA, Jaipur. The patient had pain and stiffness in back, difficulty in forward and lateral bending and lying supine. He was unable to sit in squat position for defecation. There was only 2 cm chest expansion on forced inspiration and cervical and lumbar range of movement(ROM) was decreased. The patient was treated with Baluka Sweda 4 days followed by Yoga Basti (Erandamuladi Niruha and Dashamula Matra Basti) along with some Ayurveda oral Palliative medicines Simhanada Gugullu, Dashamula Kwatha and Nimbaamrutadi Erandam. The mobility of joints in cervical and Lumbar ROM was increased. Patient was able to sit in squat position. Chest expansion increased by 1 cm and Significant improvement was observed in Pain and stiffness. Patient was happy and satisfied with quality of life. The Ayurveda intervention was found to be efficacious in the management of Ankylosing Spondylitis.

8

Authors: Neha Sat Paul1 *, M.J.Qadri2 and Swati Kadam

Diabetic foot ulcer is a severe clinical manifestation of Diabetes Mellitus. In India, every 20 seconds, a limb is lost due to Diabetes. 200000 leg amputations occur every year due to diabetes. Diabetes affects blood circulation and diabetic neuropathy which damages nerves. These two conditions lead to complications with lower extremities in diabetic patients. It is very important for diabetic patients to take care of their foot. Once ulcers have developed, whatever may be the cause (neurogenic, ischaemic or both), any dead tissue of the surface should be debrided, the wound is cleaned, and dressings are applied. As the modern medical science has limited scope for the management of these ulcers hence,Ayurveda has the unique concept for management of Madhumehajvrana(diabetic wound). Shodhana(cleaning)and Ropana(healing)are the key factors in the management. Khadiratvaka(Acacia catechu) has the property of Vranashodhana (cleaning wound) which debrides the wound and local application of paste of Nimbapatra(leaves of Azadirectaindica) and Haridra(Curcuma longa) helps to heal the ulcer. This is due to Ropana(healing) property ofNimbaand HaridraKalka(paste).The combinations of these three drugs along with controlling blood glucose level have shown better results in healing such ulcers.Diabetic foot ulcer is quite difficult to heal in modern medical science. So, Ayurveda gives a better approach here.

8

Authors: Sayali Chittar and Girish Pathade

Swarna bhasma is being used in different therapeutic treatments. Yet the awareness of the immense potential of this remedy is not adequate. This requires scientific experimental proofs which will help better understanding and acceptance of this alternative stream of medicines. Appropriate design of experiments to prove the efficacy of Ayurvedic Swarna bhasma is the main objective of this study. In current study we have performed chemical and structural characterization of branded (standard composition of) Swarna bhasma. The Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) showed almost 27% of Arsenic in the composition. This could either lead to direct cytotoxicity or according to some research papers to the anticancer pathway. The antioxidant activity of Swarna bhasma is found to be comparable to that of standard green tea extracts. This explains probable mechanism of Swarna bhasma in DNA repair i.e., by scavenging reactive oxygen species and restoring the oxidative damages in DNA.

8

Authors: Komal D. Jani and Dharmendra P. Jani

Shaalaakya Tantra, one among the eight branches ofAayurveda, deals with the precious supra clavicular organs, Head andNeck, the diseases affecting them and their management.Sneha Kalpanaa is a process to get the oleaginous medicinal substances.Karnasraava is a disease mentioned by AachaaryaSushruta in the chapter of KarnarogaVigyaaniya among twenty eight Karnarogas. Karnasraava means discharge from ear which can be correlated with otorrhoea.Arka Taila has been mentioned in Shaarangadhara, Bhaavaprakaasha, Gadanigraha, Bangsena etc.It is a very simple formula having ingredients i.e. Haridraa, Arka Patra SwarasaandSarshapa Taila, which are very cheap and easily available in their authentic form. Preparation of Arka Taila is very easy and cost effective. All the ingredients are having Kanduhara(antipruritus), Vrana Ropana (healing property), Jantughna(antibacterial) properties.

9

Authors: Dhimdhime R.S., Kodape D.T., Pawar K.B, Shilpa Kantilal Ingle, Dipali S. Pawar and Deepak P. Sawant

Hypothyroidism is the disorder of thyroid gland in which there is decreased secretion of thyroid hormones that is T3 [triiodothyronine]& T4 [tetraiodothyronine]. It is also called as “underactive thyroid disease”. Iodine deficiency is the main cause of hypothyroidism. It occurs due to autoimmune disease, which cause of destruction of the gland. In most of the patients it starts as a glandular inflammation called as ‘thyroiditis’ where the male and female ratio is 1:6. Decreased secretion of thyroid hormones is called as hypothyroidism. It is also called as underactive thyroid disease. It affects 3.8 – 4.6 % of the general population. The function of thyroid gland increases during pregnancy and lactation and decreases during the menopause. In ayurvedic texts, there is no direct reference of hypothyroidism ; but Galaganda and Gandmala frequently seen in relation to this. The signs & symptoms of hypothyroidism can be correlated as per ayurvedic view with the help of following three parameters such as -1] Srotas /Sanstha point of view 2] Dhatuvruddhi- kshaya point of view 3] Jatharagni- Dhatwagni point of view. Acharya Charaka has been explained srotaspradoshaja vicara in 28th chaptar of Sutrastana. Acharya Sushruta also has been explained srotaspradoshaja vicara in 15th chaptar of Sutrastana.

9

Authors: Sachin G. Tike, Prashant Baghel , Suvarna S. Jadhav , and Neha Sat Paul

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a predilection for the sacro-iliac joints and spine. It is characterized by progressive stiffening and fusion of axial skeleton so, known as Spondyloarthopathies (SpA), which shows a strong association with the genetic marker HLAB27. Till today, there is no satisfactory management of the disorder is available in modern medical science. From the Ayurvedic perspective, the disease can fall under the ‘Aamvata’. Various Panchakarma procedures like ‘Vaitaranbasti’ (enema with medicated cow’s urine), Agnikarma(treatment with cauterization) combined by Shaman Chikitsa (conservative treatment) with Rasaraj rasa, Shudarshanachurna and Shunthichurna etc. have been found effective in reducing the progression of the disease. Patient’s condition was assessed for the symptoms of Aamvata and line of treatment was followed accordingly. The drugs and procedure mentioned in AmavataChikitsa were followed for AS, and showed significant results. This article presents a single case report in which AS may be successfully managed with Ayurvedic treatment.

9

Authors: Shruthi.C.S, PrabhakaraUpadhyaya Renjal and Sujatha.K

The 21st century has marked the evolution of new era with advent of attitudes and thoughts in healthcare system. While bringing traditional medicine of India into limelight, Ayurveda has always been criticized because of its ambiguity and philosophical tenets incomprehensible to occidental mind. Rasashastra is one branch of Ayurveda, which deals with herbomineral/metals/non-metals preparations called Bhasmas. They are claimed to be biologically produced nanoparticles. Our acharyas had the vast knowledge of these bhasmas because of which it was popularly practiced by them in various conditions. Inspite of this importance we are not able to globalize bhasmas. So now it is the time to wake up and work hard to uplift status of bhasma which results in better status of Ayurveda in and around country. Once we analyse problems it is our responsibility to find solutions for the same. Here comes the role of standardization, which is needed for raw material, process and finished product. It was explained by our acharyas with Ayurvedic parameters which is not sufficient in present day scenario & it is a matter of discussion. Using modern techniques effectively without compromising in our classical formulae is the need of the hour. When the bhasma passes through all these steps it will be definitely of best quality which certainly results in its better status in and around country leading to acceptance of Ayurveda in the world.

9

Authors: A. B. Deshmukh and Rupali Bhauraoji Ramteke

Abhishyanda is a sarvagata Netraroga involving all parts of the eye and considered as a dreadful disease because it gives rise to all other eye disease. Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva that manifests itself in many grads and types. Abhishyanda will become a causative factor of all eye disease. It can spread through circulation as it involves rakta. It will advance to Adhimanth, if not cured properly. Abhishyanda will lead to Adhimanth with acute pain. All the 76 disease of the eye can be produced by untreated Abhishyanda, as it settles in kapha. Because of all these, we should have the complete knowledge, study of Abhishyanda.

10

Authors: Rohalah Moradi, Majid Hajialiani, Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh2 , Akram Zangeneh, Reza Tahvilian, Hanieh Hidaryan, Nadia Rezaeeasl and Afsaneh Kohneshin

Ulmusulmaceae (U. ulmaceae) is a native plant in Asia especially Iran, the plant has been in use as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in food production in west of Iran (in Kermanshah). In comparison to many other pharmaceutical-industrial plants, there is very little data about the antibacterial activities of U. Ulmaceae aqueous extract collected from Kermanshah province against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) (ATCC No. 25922). Hence, the aim of the recent study was evaluation of antibacterial properties of the aqueous extract of U. ulmaceaeon E. coli. The antibacterial activities of U. Ulmaceae were assessed by macro-dilution method in Mueller-Hinton broth medium, agar disk and agar well diffusion methods. The outcome revealed that by increasing the concentration of the extract, the inhibition zone increased in many of the samples. Also, the aqueous extract of U. ulmaceae have excluded the growth of U. Ulmaceae and destroyed it. The results indicated that in tested bacterium, there was a considerable difference in terms of sensitivity to U. Ulmaceae and the most sensitivity was observed in agar disk diffusion method. Thus, the present research indicates the antibacterial effects of the U. ulmaceae on E. coli, offering to use as antibacterial supplement towards the development of new therapeutic agent.

10

Authors: Patel Kalapi, Patel Manish, Gupta S N, and Jain Jinesh

INTRODUCTION Population of elderly in India is growing faster than general population. Most of the elderly persons (about 65%) become dependent on others for activities of daily living (ADL s) like bathing, dressing, feeding, continence, toiling and mobility. Most common disability among the aged persons found is locomotor disability, as 3% of them suffer from it. According to Ayurveda, dominant Vata dosha causes degeneration in all Dhatus at old age which results in physical disabilities. Use of Taila is considered best amongst all anti Vata drugs. Matra Basti with Narayana Taila was selected present study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Total 60 patients having more than 60 years of age with locomotor disabilities were registered in two groups. Group A patients were given Matrabasti with 40ml Narayana Taila every day after dinner for 45 days. Group B patients were registered only for observation. After 45 days all the patients of group A and group B were assessed for change in their locomotor disabilities. RESULTS Patients in group A showed reduction in their locomotor disabilities like putting on shoes (27.87%), carrying saucepan (25.49%), getting on and off toilet (24.14%) as well as turning taps on and off (20.37%). All these results were statistically significant. Improvement in activities of daily living i.e. , mobility, toileting, continence, bathing, feeding and dressing was also found. Patients in group B showed slight deterioration in their locomotor disabilities and activities of daily living, though it was not significant. CONCLUSION Matrabasti with Narayana Taila in aged persons is helpful to reduce their locomotor disabilities and improves activities of daily living.

10

Authors: Prashant Baghel and Dhimdhime R.S

Ayurveda repeatedly emphasizes on not to control natural urges. Controlling the natural urges reduces the immunity level of the body. Ayurveda Acharyas has mentioned since ancient time that suppression of Vegas (urges) is the main cause of all type of diseases. So, these natural urges should not be suppressed at any cost. Ayurveda has mentioned 13 such Vegas of the body, which are not supposed to hold. Out of these 13 Vegas, Kshavathu Vega (sneezing reflex) also should not be retained as others. Sneezing reflex is the response of the body to some external stimulus that aids in maintaining the homeostasis of the bio-humors (Tridoshas). Controlling urge of sneeze (Kshavathu) may lead to untoward effects in the body. Vitiated Vayu is thrown-out from the body by Kshavathu. Suppression of same causes more vitiation of the PranaVayu.This vitiated PranaVayu moves haphazardly in undesired directions and damages to the Marmas (vital points in the nose) and this can result in serious complications like facial paralysis, cervical spondylitis, migraine etc. Therefore, the Kshavathu Vega should neither be suppressed nor forcibly controlled. Now a day’s people are not much aware of consequences of holding sneezing reflex, illustrated in Ayurvedic literature. Therefore, this review article attempts to explain various consequences of Kshavathu Vega Dharana mentioned in Ayurveda texts and also enlists the management of the complications occurred by suppressing the urge to sneeze.

11

Authors: Gupta Rosy and Chandla Anubha

“Lactation is elixir –a gift from the Almighty for little angels” The importance of breast milk for the new born is very well quoted in ayurvedic classics. AcharyaCharaka has quoted that the new born should be put to breast from the very first day of birth.In modern science also the importance of colostrum and breast milk for the new born is well established. Today Stanyakshaya(hypogalactia)or stanyanaasha(agalactia) is a very common problem, especially with primiparous mothers. The two conditions are together described in ayurveda samhitas with their causal factors and chikitsa. A number of stanyajanana, stanyavardhaka drugs as well as stanyavardhakaaahaar and bhava(factors) have been described by acharyas and have proved of great significance over the ages. The present study aims to go through the literary description of Stanyakshaya/stanyanaasha and to work upon the probable mode of action of herbal galactogogues described therein, based upon their pharmacological properties and chemical composition. Overall study concludes that stanyakshaya, occurring as a result of dhatukshaya or agnimandhyata can be managed effectively and safely by herbal galactogogues. In addition to this, these herbs can be used in healthy lactating mothers also to enhance breast milk production in a safer way and regain body strength especially in puerperium.

12

Authors: Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh, Akram Zangeneh, Reza Tahvilian, Rohallah Moradi, Koosha Kiani, Mostafa Khalili2 ,Tahereh Shikhi and Amir Amiri

Ethnomedicinal plants are considered common resources for yielding supplements that could use as alternatives to antibiotics in cure of antibiotic-resistant micro-organism. Verbascum thapsus (VT) is a native plant in west of Iran, which the has been applied as an antioxidant, antiflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, and antipyretic in Iran. The aim of the recent study was assessment of antibacterial properties of VT aqueous extract on common pathogen (Bacillus subtilis ATCC No. 21332 (BS)). The antibacterial effects of VT was evaluated by macro-dilution method in Mueller-Hinton broth medium and agar well and disk diffusion methods. The results indicated that the aqueous extract of VT have strong levels of antibacterial activities against BS. By augmenting the concentration of the extract, the inhibition zone in many of the samples increased. Partially, in agar disk diffusion the widest inhibition zone of 18 mm was observed at 0.083 g/ml VT with no inhibition with distilled water. In agar well diffusion, the widest inhibition zone of 13 mm occurred at 0.083 g/ml. Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of VT were 0.01 g/ml. Our findings revealed that VT aqueous extract had a potential to be used as antibacterial supplement or drug.

12

Authors: Shilpa Pachapurkar, Anuya Mane, Jaywant Jadhav and Aruna Kanase

Piper longum dried fruits are used in various indigenous medicines that are effective against many diseases and disorders. This study aims at evaluating the effect of Piper longum L fruit extracts on mortality of Gallus gallus chick embryo at early stage of development with associated deformities if any. Different concentrations of aqueous, alcoholic and acetone extracts of dried fruits of Piper longum L were administered by Window method at 48hrs, 72hrs and 96hrs of development and embryos were evaluated for mortality status and associated deformities on 144hrs of development and hatching. Results revealed that aqueous and alcohol extracts at high concentrations were responsible for 80-100% mortality, while acetone extracts with highest dose showed 100% mortality. At low dose influence of administration hours was seen, leading to 20% to 70% mortality. All the mortalities were associated with abnormalities viz. growth retardation, underdeveloped CAM, hemorrhage in various regions and abnormal torsion. But lower doses the animals that survived were normal and their further development was normal.. The results indicated dose dependent toxic effect of Piper longum fruits extracts. It causes lethal deformities which might have been associated with bioactive compounds with cytotoxic action.