International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

6

Authors: Khagen Basumatary and Hasina Ferdouse

Acharya Charak while mentioning ‘Jara’ said that, it is a Swabhavajavyadhi and is Nishpratikriya. The same follows the concept of ‘Swabhavoparamvad’. Here, Swabhava means natural and the meaning of uparam is destruction, so the word swabhavoparam stands for natural destruction. After birth, growth and senility ultimately leading to death are inevitable process. It is correctly stated that aging begins before birth and continues throughout life at different rates, in different races for different individuals and for different tissues of the body. It involves two opposite processes that simultaneously come into operation i.e. growth and atrophy. In an organism, aging represents structural and functional changes over its entire life span. It is a universal phenomenon characterized by progressive deterioration of cells and organs due to accumulation of macromolecular and organelle damage. The continuous removal of worn out components and replacement with new synthesized one ensures cellular homeostasis and delays aging process. While, apoptosis is, without question, critical for homeostasis, it is conceivable that even normal apoptotic processes might, over-time lead to normal aging phenotypes or agerelated pathologies. So, here in this review I am going to establish the fact that homeostasis and apoptosis are important for normal maintenance of health as well as healthy aging, in Ayurvedic point of view as both the terms ‘homeostasis’ and ‘apoptosis’ comes under the definition of ‘swabhavoparam’.

6

Authors: S. U. Chavan and V. U. Gawai

Neonatal jaundice is yellowish discoloration of sclera, mucus membrane and skin due to increased level of serum bilirubin in the blood. Incidence of Neonatal Jaundice is 60 to 80 % of total births in India. According to the modern science ‘Neonatal jaundice’ is managed by Phototherapy and Exchange blood transfusion method as per the level of serum bilirubin and weight of the newborn. A patient of neonatal jaundice was treated with Bhoomyamalaki (Phyllanthus niruri) kashaya 1.75 ml orally. Dose is calculated according to the Clark rule. Bhoomyamalaki has properties of virechana and pittanasak, so ayurvedic treatments with Bhoomyamalaki (phyllanthus niruri) kashaya was effective in case of Neonatal jaundice. The article focuses on details of a case of ‘Neonatal jaundice’ in opd and ipd of PG. department of kaumarbhritya of Govt. Ayurved College and Hospital Nanded.

7

Authors: Satyajit P. Kulkarni, Milind M. Godbole2 and Sanjay S. Jadhav

Shodhana or Panchakarma is the very important part of the Ayurvedic treatment. The period during which Charak Samhita was written, it would have been practiced in greater proportion. There is detailed description about Panchakarma or Shodhana in Charak Samhita, Sushrut Samhita and Ashtang Sangrah (and Ashtang Hridayam). These texts are called as Brihat Trayi . Sharangdhar Samhita and Bhavprakash described Panchakarma concisely as compared to the Brihat Trayi texts. Every disease is told to be treated with Shodhana first1 and Shamana thereafter. The Kalpa sthana and Sidhi sthana of Charak Samhita are solely dedicated to the Shodhana. Thus being an important treatment modality Shodhana is very useful in achieving both the goals of Ayurveda i.e., for maintaining health in the healthy and to treat the disease in the diseased one. This paper deals with theory part of the Shodhana to be applied in the healthy and the diseased. The paper also highlights the difference in implementing the Shodhana in the diseased and healthy one.

8

Authors: Bijita Chutia and Khagen Basumatary

Majority of the endogenous disease begins with the formation of ama in the body. It has tremendous capacity to vitiate the doshas and disturbing the homeostasis (Dhatu-samya). Ama is the resultant of improper digestion or partially digestion of the food particle due to hypofunction of jatharagni and also due to accumulation of mala in the body. It may be considered as partially or incompletely metabolised dhatu in case of dhatvagnimandya. Ama is not a single entity but is a generalized term, which can be applied to many malformed substances in the body. This ama is responsible for the production of various diseases. In modern parameters, ama is supposed to be deadly free radical. Free radical is an atom/molecule that contains one or more unpaired electron, which requires neutralization by free radical scavengers. Thus it exists in an incomplete metabolic state which is also the state of ama described as avipakvam (incompletely digested/metabolised). The present article attempts to understand the concept of ama as well as free radicals as a causative factor if diseases. Free radical theory is one of the biggest clues which help us in understanding the phenomena involved at the molecular level of ama. The above speculation leads to the conclusion that the earlier Ayurvedic concept of ama can be explained to the modern man by justifying it with the help of biochemical parameter called free radicals.

8

Authors: Tripti Lokesh

Gomutra (Cow’s Urine) is being used in many disorders and it is explained in Ayurveda as a treatment for many disorders. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious condition associated with premature mortality, decreased quality of life, and increased health-care expenditures. Untreated CKD can result in end-stage renal disease and necessitate dialysis or kidney transplantation. Risk factors for CKD include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. In renal failure there is raised level of blood urea, creatinine and RBCs in urine. It can be compared with Paitik Mutrakrichra (~Dysuria due to Pita Dosha)/Adhogatta Raktapita (~blood from lower orifices)/Paitik Prameha (~frequency due to Pita Dosha)/Rakataja Mutrakrichta (~Dysuria with blood). A Clinical study was done on known patient of CKD on OPD basis, Gaur Brahman Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Rohtak, Haryana. There was a rise of serum urea and serum creatinine after administering Gomutra. It is concluded that Gomutra should not be used in renal failure.

9

Authors: Aniket A. Shilwant and Niraj F. Mandod

Speech production is one of the highest functions of humans through which we all communicate one another, express our thoughts and views about any particular thing. Speech production is a multiphase phenomenon. It is an outcome of combined efforts of your acoustic signals, articulatory system and the musculature attached to respective organs and which is not possible with nervous assistance. An appropriate and well assisted outcome of all the above structures is, transferred thoughts into verbal notations. However, Ayurveda has a different approach towards speech production viz. Vaka pravrutti. The efforts to put sound as an outcome is initiated by Vata dosha but the other two also accompany it to bring out the fruitful result. The Vaka pravrutti is an outcome of physical and psychological impact as per Ayurveda. It has also mentioned the circulating channels (strotas) through which sound is produced and travels as well viz. Swarvaha strotas. The description of mechanism of speech production as per ancient Ayurvedic scholars needed to be studied along with modern parlance with time. So there arises a need to study more about the physiology and its neurological axis to understand and incorporate the speech symptoms as a diagnostic tool thus giving a healthy outcome of it.

10

Authors: BhanuPratap Singh, Deepa and Om Prakash Dadhich

According to Ayurveda mind, body and soul are the tripod of life and their balanced state is responsible for health and imbalance for diseases. Yoga is the only method which creates harmony by balancing all these components into equilibrium state. Yoga is becoming very popular in all parts of the world. Yoga is an exact science. The science of yoga has its roots in Upanishads, Vedas, Bhagvad-gita, Hathyogapradipika and the Yoga sutras of Patanjali. Yoga is the finest resource for achieving physical, mental, social and spiritual well being. The impact of yoga on the life of people are-holistic development of personality, control of negative thought waves in the mind, creation of positive attitude, vast intellect, decision based on deep thinking, strengthen spiritual power, helps in sorting out psychological problems born out of tensions, conflicts etc., strengthen will power, understanding the purpose of life. Yoga helps in developing total personality in an integrated and holistic manner if it is done by proper following to the principles and essentials of yoga. This article is about some essentials and principles of yoga practice so anyone can get full benefits by following the above.

10

Authors: Khagen Basumatary and Bidyapati Sarangthem

The Ayurvedic concept of etiopathogenesis has its own perspective which follows the complex principle of specific association among Nidana, Dosha and Dushya. Acharya Charaka has meticulously explained the essence of diagnostic methodology, along with the variations in the process of development of disease in Nidanasthana. The specific variations of Vikaravighatabhava-abhava that occur due to the specific features of Nidana-Dosha-Dushya interpret the various aspects of origin and development of disease. In this concept, Caraka clears the incubation period, mild or severe form of disease, acute or otherwise conditions of disease, resistance of the body against disease and susceptibility of the body to disease. Vikaravighatabhava means presence of factors which resist the genesis of disease and Vikaravighatabhavaabhava means absence of resistance to disease. This very concept can be applied to all the diseases and is the main aspect of etiopathogenesis. By acquiring the knowledge of this principle one can master the disease genesis process and treatment process. This article will provide the platform for understanding the basic framework of genesis of a disease in full perspective.

11

Authors: Seema Vitthal Rathod, Subhash B. Jamdhade and Suryaprakash K. Jaiswal

Parkinson’s disease known in Ayurveda as Kampavata is a neurological disorder affecting 1 % of population. It is degenerative disorder of central nervous system mainly affecting the motor system. It is most common extrapyramidal crippling disease. On the basis of sign and symptoms, Parkinson’s disease is described under Vatavyadhi, Nanatmaja disorders in Ayurveda. Symptoms like Kampa (Tremor), Stambha (Rigidity), Chestasanga (Bradykinesia and Akinesia), Vakvikriti (disturbance in speech) etc were described in different contexts of Charaka and Susruta Samhita. Because of non-availability of curative treatment, this disease has remained as a great problem in the aging society. A 62 year old male patient presented with complaints of resting tremors in upper limb (pin – roll type) , slow limited movement, difficulty with walking and balance, sleeplessness, depression and face appearing without expression brought by relatives to outdoor patient department ( OPD ) of L.K. Ayurved Hospital, Yavatmal. Previously patient taken treatment of Allopathic as well as Homeopathy since one year but did not show any sign of improvement.So patient was admitted and treated with Ayurvedic treatment. Along with this special exercise and diet plan was also advised to patient. This case study is about management of known case of Parkinson’s disease with multimodality treatment in the form of Panchkarma procedures with non-invasive, non-steroidal, cost effective and safe Ayurvedic treatment.

12

Authors: Varsha Devidas Ahire, A.B. Deshmukh and N. A. Khan

Acharya Sushruta has described netrarogas and their treatment in Uttartantra in first seventeen chapters. Kriyakalpas are explained in eighteenth chapter. He has described seventysix netrarogas among which fiftytwo are sadhya, seven are yapya, and seventeen are asadhya netrarogas. For Sadhya vyadhi Acharya has described treatment and treatment procedure in ten chapters according to dosha. Among these seventeen asadhya diseases, four vataja diseases are Hathadhimantha, Gambhirika, Nimesha, Vatahatavartma. Two pittaja diseases are Hraswajadya, Pittasrava. One kaphaja disease is Kaphastrava. Four raktaja diseases are Raktastrava, Shonitarsha, Ajakajata, Savranashukla and four sannipataja diseases are Puyastrava, Nakulandhya, Akshipakatyaya and Alaji, Two Bahya linganasha (Sanimitta and Animitta). But in dealing with other diseases Sushruta has mentioned that Adhimantha, if not treated properly or not in time may become asadhya. According to Sushruta commentator Dalhana, among all Lingnasha only kaphaja linganasha is sadhya, while other types of linganashas are asadhya. This study is based on compiling various asadhya netraroga described by Acharya Sushruta, and comparing them with modern diseases. The aim of study is to find out possible causes of asadhyatva of those diseases. The study concluded that asadhya netrarogas described by Acharya Sushruta are incurable in ancient era due to lack of advanced surgical technologies or poor visual prognosis. Improved surgical techniques made some of them surgically curable, but most of them are yet incurable. We have to re-evaluate the prognosis mentioned by Sushruta in modern era with outcome of treatment.

12

Authors: Tripti Lokesh and Poonam Kaleramana

Eating sprouts is gaining momentum in the name of nutritious and enzyme rich food which can help to gain abundant of nutrients, fats, vitamins etc. and boost digestion. Ayurveda says eating raw Viru.Dha (Sprouts) are highly unhealthy causing vitiation of Doshas (Vata, Pita, Kapha), Vishtambhi (heavy to digest), Vidahajanak (burning sensation), Shool (colicky pain), Drishtidushnam (weaker eyesight), causer of diseases like Vatarakta (~ Gout), Grahni (~IBS), Arsha (piles), and Sotha (inflammations on body). Many incidences of deaths are reported due to food poisoning by sprouts, being rich in microbes like salmonella and E.coli. But Ayurveda quotes that there is nothing on this earth which cannot be used as medicine. Sprouts can be useful but after a very careful processing. Eating of raw sprouts is prohibited in Ayurveda.