International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

5

Authors: D.T.Tayade,S.S. Padhen, A.B.Wadekar and S.A.Waghmar

Recent research work deals with the conductometric measurement of 3-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-5- methyl) phenyl-6-amino-1,2,5-thioxazine at different temperatures by keeping constant concentration(0.1M) .These measurements provide information regarding with solute-solvent interaction, effect of temperatures and effect of dilution and solvent. The various thermodynamic parameters viz. ∆H 0 ; ∆S0 and ∆G0 for the ion pair formation are determined from the value of ion association constant at constant concentration (0.1M). These also revealed that solvent-solvent, solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions and the effects of various substituent’s.

5

Authors: Dattu D. Karande, M. B. Shende and D. S. Chothe

Medicinal plants have always been a part of mankind. Many herbs specifically support and nourish the nervous system and some of them beneficial in spinal cord. The most common cause of spinal cord injury is road traffic accident that causes injury to the spinal cord. Due to this several number of patient loss their daily routine work. The purpose of this systematic review is to collect the evidence based information of ayurvedic herbs useful in spinal cord disorder and represent in systematic manner

6

Authors: Deepa kulkarni, Nita Kedar, Subhash Raut

“Apakwastu pidika pakwastu Bhagandara” In Bhagandari pidika the predominant Doshas are Pitta and Rakta. . If left untreated leads to Bhagandara (Fistula in Ano). In the earlier stage swelling occurs at perianal region unsuppurative in nature but if not treated properly abscess and fistula is formed. The Father of Indian Surgery Aacharya Sushruta has mentioned the management of “Apakwa Bhagandari pidika” with first eleven Upkramas of the vrana. Vistrawan Karma (Blood letting) is one of them. This single case study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Jalaukavacharana in Bhagandari pidika. It found to be very effective treatment in the management of Bhagandari pidika which is the earlier stage of Bhagandara (Fistula in ano).

7

Authors: Parveen Kumar and Smita Kumari

Twacha is a vital component of human body. It reflects both, the state of well being and disease state. A structural and functional insult to twacha compromises its main function of protection; produces discomfort symptoms as well as has a cosmetic concern. Ek-kushtha is a condition where disfigurement of the skin along with other features like- itching, scaling and discharge are cause of worry for the patient. Genetics, dietary, lifestyle related, environmental and behavioural/psychological factors play major role in pathogenesis. Vitiation of all three doshas is major contributing factor in the manifestation of the disease. Ayurveda advocates holistic approach of shodhan, internal drug administration and external application in the treatment protocol. In this article, a patient treated with similar treatment protocol is presented as a case study.

7

Authors: Satender Tanwar, Shailaja S. V. and Kiran M Goud

Respiration is the process by which oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out. Respiratory disorders are the one among the leading cause of the death. The whole respiratory system is divided into the two parts i.e., URT and LRT and on the basis of that it is classified as URTI and LRTI; upper and lower respiratory tract infection. Bronchiectasis is a defined as abnormal and irreversible dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles developing secondary to inflammatory weakening of the bronchial walls.The most characteristic clinical manifestation of bronchiectatsis is persistent cough with expectoration of copious amounts of foul smelling purulent sputum. Post infectious cases commonly develop in childhood and in early adult life. The most characterstic Wheezing and nail clubbing may also occur. Those with the disease often get frequent lung infections. Bronchiectasis may result from a number of infective and acquired causes, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, immune system problems, and cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis eventually results in severe bronchiectasis in nearly all cases. The cause in 10-50% of those without cystic fibrosis is unknown. The mechanism of disease is breakdown of the airways due to an excessive inflammatory response. Involved bronchi become enlarged and the ability to clear secretions is diminished. These secretions increase the amount of bacteria in the lungs; results in the airway blockage and further breakdown of the airways. It is classified as an obstructive lung disease, along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. The diagnosis is suspect based on a person's symptoms and confirmed using computer tomography. Sputum cultures may be useful to determine treatment in those who have acute worsening and at least once a year. The case taken here was a rare clinical study on grounds of Ayurvedic principle by using the Vardhmaan Pippali rasayana in patient of bronchiectasis. The classical usage of the VPR is carried out by following the ascending order and the n descending to baseline with strict dietary regimen as explained in the classic. Significant improvement was noticed in the symptom of the patient in the span of 60 days and patient is under follow period to check the efficacy of drug in a longer run

8

Authors: Suryawanshi Pradipkumar R, Suryawanshi Pradipkumar R., Shweta V Musale and Rucha Shinde

Backache is one of the most common and widely prevalent ailments. These days due to sedentary living habits and hazardous work patterns its occurrence is increasing day by day. The psychological conditions associated with emotional stress, which bring about spasm of the muscles, may also cause backache. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) affects millions of people worldwide. There are several treatment options for chronic low back pain, although no single therapy stands out as being the most effective. It is estimated that 80% of all people will experience at least one episode of Back pain in their lifetime, with point prevalence ranging from 15% to 39%, 70% of patients with an episode of Low Back Pain recover with one month, and 90% within 3 months, only 4% patients will have symptoms larger than 6 months. According to Ayurveda degeneration is a process that occurs mainly due to ageing and in Ayurveda vata is the dosha that is mainly dominant during old age and 90% of degenerative disorders are due to vitiated vata dosha. Specific procedures such as Basti, Podikizhi, Navarakizhi, Pizchil etc. pacify the deranged vata externally where as internally some vata pacifying medicines are also administered to the Panchakarma procedures such as Katibasti; may also be employed. The primary goal of Yoga therapy for low back pain (LBP) is the relief of pain and functional limitation caused by a chronic lower back disorder. This is achieved by minimizing, healing, and ultimately correcting underlying physical malfunctions through a series of anatomically correct postures.

8

Authors: Sima Ashok Kurule and Pallavi Mundada

Rasaushadhies are more popular due to their low dose, palatability and short acting nature. Murchana process increases disease curing ability of Mercury (Parad). Kupipakwa rasayana is one of the most important murchana which is prepared in specially designed glass bottle (kachkupi) in sand-bath (valukayantra) with a particular heating pattern (Kramagni). Kupipakwa Rasayana is more potent than all mercurial preparations due to it’s ushna, tikshna, and laghu guna properties, hence it is popular with Ayurved physicians. But it’s preparation is complex and require precision. Preparation of Kupipakwa rasayana by traditional methods requires more time, manpower, fuel and efforts which make it more laborious. With the help of modern technology Kupipakwa rasayana can be prepared easily in limited time with less manpower and efforts by using muffle furnace. In the present paper an easy way to prepare Kupipakwa rasayana with greater temperature control has been discussed.

8

Authors: Pankaj Rai

Indian system of medicine i.e., Ayurveda is serving man kind since long. A wide range of dosage forms are available in Ayurveda that makes it more effective and popular. Snehakalpana (medicated oil/ oil preparations) are an important secondary dosage form described in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics and it has a broad range of medicinal uses in different medical conditions. For the preparation of medicated oil Tila Taila (Sesame oil) is generally used. Watery content in oil causes rancidity factors (amadosa) which is an important factor in the decomposition of fatty acids of oil leading to decrease in life span of medicines prepared with oil. Murchhana is a pretreatment process to remove rancidity factor (amadosha) and simultaneously enhancing therapeutic quality of medicine. In the present study, an attempt is made to authenticate the consequences of murchhana process for preparing medicated oil. The parameters like specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value are analyzed to validate the importance of murchhana process. i.e., All the analytical values obtained are discussed in this paper.

9

Authors: Barkha J Tirpude

Bhasma kalpana is backbone of Rasaushdhi which are consecrations from Rasacharyas. Swarnamakshik is one of the important dravya’s classified into Maharas varg and is chemically known as Chalcopyrite. In the present study Swarnamakshik bhasma prepared, and analyzed to develop the standard manufacturing procedure. Each unit operative procedure was considered as an independent process and an attempt was made to validate each procedure. Raw Swarnamakshik and Hingul were taken according to classic text grahyatwa. The sample with higher percentage of Copper was taken for study. X-Ray diffraction technique was used to test its chemical components. Shodhan (Purification) and Maran (Incineration) was done as per references. The black reddish coloured (rakt krishnabh) Hingulmarit Swarnamakshik bhasma was obtained after subjecting to 9 puta. Finally, bhasma was subjected to physical and chemical analysis. In atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) Copper found to be 0.17%, Iron 61.92% and Sulphur 1.42%. Its Ph value was 5.9 and Ash Value was 98.88%.

9

Authors: Teena Jain, Anil Kumar Joshi and Sunil Kumar Yadav

Thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck below the Adam’s apple. It is part of a complex network of glands called the endocrine system, which is regulates nearly all body functions, including metabolic, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, and reproductive systems either directly or indirectly. The thyroid gland manufactures hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism (the process of creating and using energy). Thyroid problems are among the most common endocrine disorders presently seen worldwide. Patients with thyroid disorders suffer either from hypofunctioning or from hyperfunctioning of the gland. Whereas the former leads to a decrease in the concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones, the latter increases the same. These two dysfunctions are commonly referred as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, respectively. Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from a deficiency of thyroid hormones, which in turn results in a generalized slowing down of metabolic processes. In the pride of India i.e. Āyurveda there is no clear-cut evidence of hypothyroidism, but on the basis of its clinical presentation, it can be explained under the heading of Galagaṇḍa. Ācārya says that, Vāta and Kapha aggravated in the neck and having accumulated in Manyā and along with Meda produce glandular enlargement with their characteristic symptoms. It is known as Galagaṇḍa. Galagaṇḍa has been defined as the swelling, big or small, which hangs like scrotum in the neck.

10

Authors: Pankaj Rai, Laxmi Narayan Gupta and Neeraj Kumar

Shodhana is an important intermediately process of purification and detoxification by which physical and chemical blemishes along with toxic materials of metals and minerals are eliminated & substances are subjected for further pharmaceutical processing. It is an important intermediately pharmaceutical process during conversion of metals and minerals into bhasma (ash). Abhraka is an important mineral used in ayurvedic pharmaceutics. It is used in the form of bhasma to treat many diseases. Various liquid media are described for the shodhana process of abhraka (biotite). Shodhana of abhraka was done in the specific mediums i.e. cow‐urine, decoction of triphala and badari separately. To find out the significance of these media X Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy study and energy dispersive x‐ray analysis of abhraka were carried out. X Ray diffraction findings shows that different media are not changing main compounds of abhraka after shodhana processes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) study reveals that the plate late structure of abhraka not only remains intact but also became more granular and appears to be microcrystalline along with reduction in particle size after shodhana process. Energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDAX) reflects the compositional variations of elements.

11

Authors: Anil Kumar Joshi and Teena Jain

The science of Ayurveda is based on the fundamental of Tridosha (Vata, Pitta and Kapha) which are responsible for health and disease. Vata Dosha has the chief dominance among these three vital factors of the body. The prime cause of Gridhrasi is the vitiated Vata so it is included in Vata Nanatmaja Vyadhi. Various aetiological factors for the derangement of Vata have been mentioned such as excessive walking, exercise, sleeping on an uncomfortable bed, withholding of natural urges, trauma to vital organs, excessive riding on fast moving, jerky vehicles, unwholesome dietary habits etc. All these factors are so easily accessible to Today’s men that almost everybody is sized in their flow, leading to increasing incidence of diseases like Gridhrasi. The localization of the vitiated Dosha in Gridhrasi is described in a particular order in which pain starts from Sphik and then radiates to Pada along with Stambha, Toda etc. In all applied considerations, the Vata system of Tridosha represents neuroscience in Ayurveda. This study has been planned to evaluate the role of Shodhana and Shamana drugs in the management of Gridhrasi (sciatica).

11

Authors: Dharmendra P Jani and B. R. Patel

Kushtha is a well-known plant since Vedic era. It is botanically known as Saussurea lappa– C.B.Clarke. belonging to the family Asteraceae. In present study roots of Saussurea lappa were procured from Dehradun and Gokshura fruit from periphery of Jamnagar and authenticated in Pharmacognosy laboratory of I.P.G.T. and R.A. Clinical study was designed as randomized, prospective, single blind, controlled, parallel and exploratory. In present study 28 patients were randomly divided in two groups. Group A was treated with Kushtha Churna, 1 gm /twice with lukewarm water and Group B (Control) was treated with Gokshura Churna, 2 gm /twice with lukewarm water for 60 days each. Total 25 patients completed the treatment; 13 in Group A and 12 in Group B. The assessment was done on the basis of changes in classical sign and symptoms of Shukradushti, seminal parameters and sexual health (parameters) observed before and after treatment. The obtained results were analyzed statistically. Encouraging results were found in Shukradushti, semen parameters and sexual health parameters.

13

Authors: Venkatesh M Illal

Background In this modern era there has been an unprecedented increase of incidences related to GI system due to marked change in life style. Diet pattern, behavioral pattern, mental stress & strain, these multiple factors leads to a clinical condition known as the Amlapitta. Symptoms of Amlapitta as explained in Ayurveda are near clinical entity with symptoms of gastritis; a gastro intestinal disorder mentioned in modern science. Methodology of intervention Forty five patients of Amlapitta were selected and divided into three groups by random sampling method. Clinical symptoms were given suitable grading according to its severity and assessed based on pre and post data gathered through pre-designed research clinical proforma. Results showing ‘p’ value less than <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant in this study. Interpretation Drakshadi Gutika is combined formulation prepared by Draksha having Madhura rasa, Madhura Vipaka, SheetaVeerya, MruduGuna. Haritaki having Lavana Varjita Pancha rasa Kashaya pradhana, Madhuravipaka, Vikrutadoshanulomana, Aamapachana, and Sita having Madhura rasa, sheetaveerya, trupti karaka, indriyaprasadaka. These factors exhibit Pitta shamana, and Pitta rechana property. Among Asanas, Pavanamuktasana is the asana of choice for the clinical condition that are related with the gastrointestinal tract. Among Shatkriyas, Kunjalakriya is the best possible wash to the digestive system from stomach to the mouth. After completion of the studies it could be concluded that patients of Group B were significantly better than the patients of Group A and Group C at P< 0.05. Hence by considering overall results in the present study the effect of KunjalaKriya with pavanamuktasanawas was found more beneficial.

13

Authors: Rajput Pawan, Parashar Shalini, Rama mohan Rao G and Sridurga Ch

Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine uses drugs obtained from plant, animal and mineral sources for the maintenance of health and also for the treatment of various diseases. Shalmali (Bombax malabaricum DC.) is one such important medicinal plant used in Ayurveda. All parts of this plant like flowers, exudates, thorn, leaves and root are useful in treatment of various ailments. The roots of Shalmali are having aphrodisiac property. Numerous Vajikarana yogas containing Shalmali are mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. The present paper is an attempt to review few such formulations of Shalmali, best Vajikarana dravya of Ayurveda.

16

Authors: Satender Tanwar and Pradnya Chittawadgi

NIRUKTI / DEFINITION- Agni in Ayurvedic classics can be referred as following, अन्गाति उर्ध्वगत्ति अति l अिौ स््नामग्रतिन्गेिेजो भेदेll (्ा्स्पियम) That which having the tendency to move forwards and it is considered to be the type of TEJAS.

17

Authors: Tripathi Arun Kumar , Singh Deshraj, Tiwari Akanksha

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) comprises of the group of heart disease and the vascular system. The major conditions are Coronary heart disease (CHD), Hypertension and Congenital heart disease. The WHO has drawn attention to the fact that CHD is our modern “epidemic” i.e., a disease that affects population, not an unavoidable attribute of ageing. India is currently leading towards becoming a heart disease capital of the world. This puts a tremendous pressure on available resources of medical and surgical management. Treatment of cardiovascular diseases in elderly is not easy and there is a need for the development of drugs which can be used safely for a longer period. Many of the clinical features of “Hridroga” described in Ayurvedic classics are similar to that of cardiovascular diseases and can be adequately managed by classical herbs. This article aims at what are the risk factors and causes of cardiovascular diseases, their prevalence and with its possible prevention in Ayurveda