Psicogente

240-255

Authors: Verónica Reyes Pérez, Areli Reséndiz Rodríguez, Raúl José Alcázar Olán y Lucy María Reidl Martínez

Objective: This study aims to identify coping strategies used by Mexican teenagers in situations that elicit fear. Method: This study was non-experimental. The sample consisted of 400 Mexican teenager in secondary level (50 % men and 50 % women) mean age = 13.90 (of= 0.96). Researchers used an instrument to measure the intensity of the fear assumed in nine different types of situations such as: social violence, animals, living alone, doctors, social situations, the unknown, domestic violence, school and death (α =. 93). Through an open-ended question, the participants were asked the following: what would they do in those situations? Allowing them to identify the way they cope with these situations. Results: Women reported greater fear than men in all situ- ations except fear of school, where they scored higher. Women generally used more strategies of emotional relief and searching for support while men used aggressive and distraction strategies in relation to those situations. In relation to the fear of death, men assume avoidance strategies, distraction and search for support while women assume direct strategies such as: emotional relief, search for support, avoidance distraction and aggression. In conclusion, coping strategists are not good or bad; it depends on the support given to solve the situation that generates

256-267

Authors: Gerson Adriano Rincón Álvarez, César Augusto Hernández Suárez y Raúl Prada Núñez

Objective: This paper aims to determine whether saccades influence academic performance of elementary school students. Methodology: 121 vulnerable elementary school students from an educational institution from Cucuta, Colombia were used as non-probabilistic or convenience samples. These students were divided into two groups, as follows: 56 high academic achievers students: 60 % girls and 40 % boys, with an average age of 11.70 years and 65 underperforming average students: 40 % girls and 60 % boys, with an average age of 12.29 years. King & Devick (1976), or K-D test saccades test was applied. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between the means of reading times of each of the cards and the average total reading time of the three test cards K-D. Also significant differences in the percentage of students who had problems with saccades, showing in the group with high yield a much higher percentage of students without problems in eye movement function at the time that the group with low academic performance was found. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of working eye movements as saccadic issue which seem to influence on their students academic performance.

282-295

Authors: Érika Alexandra Vásquez Arteaga

Objective: This paper is the result of a completed research, developed in three public schools in San Juan de Pasto. The general objective aimed to reveal the manifestations of children’s prosocial behavior towards the design and implementation of a psycho-pedagogical strategy. Method: The methodology was addressed from the qualitative paradigm, with a critical social approach, action-research type. This article refers to the research hermeneutical stage, in which, as data collection techniques like narrative, focused interviews, participant observations and social drama were used. Results: The results indicated that empathy can be seen as a sign of weakness or as a necessary constant of interaction; in helpful behaviors, there are mainly no altruist manifestations and cooperation occurs intermittently according to environmental stimulation.

308-319

Authors: Edwin Giovanny Córdoba-Paz, Sonia Betancourth-Zambrano, Lised Evelin Tacán-Bastidas

The purpose of this paper is to describe and associate demographic factors with psychoactive substance in students at a private university from Pasto Colombia. The results were determined through both a quantitative and descriptive analysis – transversal research. 242 students were sam- pled. In order to achieve the research goal, a questionnaire was designed and validated. The results showed as follows: 21.9 % have consumed some type of psychoactive substance and 12.4 % reported having consumed this psychoactive substance with alcohol simultaneously. The results showed marijuana is the most consumed drug (11.2 %), followed by cocaine (9.1 %). Also, sex was significantly associated with psychoactive substances, being men who consume more than women (p < 0, 05). As well, psychoactive substance consumption was associated with socio economic stratum and semester, in other words varying depending on these variables. In conclusion: data warned than marihuana and alcohol simultaneously are the main psychoactive and that preventive impact must be made with a focus on variables such as gender and semester.

336-352

Authors: Fernando Robert Ferrel Ortega, Lucía Fernanda Ferrel Ballestas, Ada Amalia Cantillo Aguirre, Juliana Jaramillo Campo, Sandra Milena Jiménez Suárez

Objective: Comparison of the Burnout syndrome approach, taking into account academic vari- ables such as: average, semester and program completion and also demographic variables such as: age and gender in students in the engineering and health sciences programs. This study is cen- tered on self-efficacy according to Bandura’s theory (1989) and the “downward negative spiral” model developed by Salanova, Bresó y Schaufeli (2005). For this purpose, a paradigm of empirical comparative descriptive and cross sectional research is developed. 1,028 students Method: 280 students were a stratified sample; who belong to the two participant programs; 5 % percent level (the margin of error) with 95 % percent level (a confidence level ). Academic Burnout Syndrome inventory (MBI-SS) was applied to those students, and it was validated for this study. ANOVA statistical test for the respective variance analysis by groups was used in order to get the results. Results: results showed a low and medium level of emotional exhaustion and cynicism but a high level of self-efficacy with significant differences in relation to semester, grade average, exhausting semester, program and faculty were evident. Students from dentistry, medicine, environmental, engineering and system program and faculty showed greater physical and mental - emotional exhaustion than the others. It is concluded that emotional exhaustion and cynicism level is differ- ent according to gender and career path among the student groups.

382-397

Authors: Lucely Obando Cabezas, Marco Alexis Salcedo Serna, Luisa Fernanda Correa

This reflection paper focuses on the possibilities of psychosocial intervention application for armed conflict victims care in relation to public health locations such as (hospitals, health care centers, etc.,...). Some conceptual implications of this comprehension model are proposed by different authors. In this paper, it is evident that health institutions are considered as socially inefficient in their purposes of intervention for this population. If the demand is interpreted wrongly as an exclusive request for physical well-being, this ignores the cry for justice to Colombian society by this population. The suggested proposal in this paper is to take into account a psychosocial approach as an alternative in health institutions, which is focuses on guiding the interventio towards goals, which suggest psychosocial transformations.