Psicogente

240-255

Authors: Verónica Reyes Pérez, Areli Reséndiz Rodríguez, Raúl José Alcázar Olán y Lucy María Reidl Martínez

Objective: This study aims to identify coping strategies used by Mexican teenagers in situations that elicit fear. Method: This study was non-experimental. The sample consisted of 400 Mexican teenager in secondary level (50 % men and 50 % women) mean age = 13.90 (of= 0.96). Researchers used an instrument to measure the intensity of the fear assumed in nine different types of situations such as: social violence, animals, living alone, doctors, social situations, the unknown, domestic violence, school and death (α =. 93). Through an open-ended question, the participants were asked the following: what would they do in those situations? Allowing them to identify the way they cope with these situations. Results: Women reported greater fear than men in all situ- ations except fear of school, where they scored higher. Women generally used more strategies of emotional relief and searching for support while men used aggressive and distraction strategies in relation to those situations. In relation to the fear of death, men assume avoidance strategies, distraction and search for support while women assume direct strategies such as: emotional relief, search for support, avoidance distraction and aggression. In conclusion, coping strategists are not good or bad; it depends on the support given to solve the situation that generates

256-267

Authors: Gerson Adriano Rincón Álvarez, César Augusto Hernández Suárez y Raúl Prada Núñez

Objective: This paper aims to determine whether saccades influence academic performance of elementary school students. Methodology: 121 vulnerable elementary school students from an educational institution from Cucuta, Colombia were used as non-probabilistic or convenience samples. These students were divided into two groups, as follows: 56 high academic achievers students: 60 % girls and 40 % boys, with an average age of 11.70 years and 65 underperforming average students: 40 % girls and 60 % boys, with an average age of 12.29 years. King & Devick (1976), or K-D test saccades test was applied. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between the means of reading times of each of the cards and the average total reading time of the three test cards K-D. Also significant differences in the percentage of students who had problems with saccades, showing in the group with high yield a much higher percentage of students without problems in eye movement function at the time that the group with low academic performance was found. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of working eye movements as saccadic issue which seem to influence on their students academic performance.

282-295

Authors: Érika Alexandra Vásquez Arteaga

Objective: This paper is the result of a completed research, developed in three public schools in San Juan de Pasto. The general objective aimed to reveal the manifestations of children’s prosocial behavior towards the design and implementation of a psycho-pedagogical strategy. Method: The methodology was addressed from the qualitative paradigm, with a critical social approach, action-research type. This article refers to the research hermeneutical stage, in which, as data collection techniques like narrative, focused interviews, participant observations and social drama were used. Results: The results indicated that empathy can be seen as a sign of weakness or as a necessary constant of interaction; in helpful behaviors, there are mainly no altruist manifestations and cooperation occurs intermittently according to environmental stimulation.

308-319

Authors: Edwin Giovanny Córdoba-Paz, Sonia Betancourth-Zambrano, Lised Evelin Tacán-Bastidas

The purpose of this paper is to describe and associate demographic factors with psychoactive substance in students at a private university from Pasto Colombia. The results were determined through both a quantitative and descriptive analysis – transversal research. 242 students were sam- pled. In order to achieve the research goal, a questionnaire was designed and validated. The results showed as follows: 21.9 % have consumed some type of psychoactive substance and 12.4 % reported having consumed this psychoactive substance with alcohol simultaneously. The results showed marijuana is the most consumed drug (11.2 %), followed by cocaine (9.1 %). Also, sex was significantly associated with psychoactive substances, being men who consume more than women (p < 0, 05). As well, psychoactive substance consumption was associated with socio economic stratum and semester, in other words varying depending on these variables. In conclusion: data warned than marihuana and alcohol simultaneously are the main psychoactive and that preventive impact must be made with a focus on variables such as gender and semester.

336-352

Authors: Fernando Robert Ferrel Ortega, Lucía Fernanda Ferrel Ballestas, Ada Amalia Cantillo Aguirre, Juliana Jaramillo Campo, Sandra Milena Jiménez Suárez

Objective: Comparison of the Burnout syndrome approach, taking into account academic vari- ables such as: average, semester and program completion and also demographic variables such as: age and gender in students in the engineering and health sciences programs. This study is cen- tered on self-efficacy according to Bandura’s theory (1989) and the “downward negative spiral” model developed by Salanova, Bresó y Schaufeli (2005). For this purpose, a paradigm of empirical comparative descriptive and cross sectional research is developed. 1,028 students Method: 280 students were a stratified sample; who belong to the two participant programs; 5 % percent level (the margin of error) with 95 % percent level (a confidence level ). Academic Burnout Syndrome inventory (MBI-SS) was applied to those students, and it was validated for this study. ANOVA statistical test for the respective variance analysis by groups was used in order to get the results. Results: results showed a low and medium level of emotional exhaustion and cynicism but a high level of self-efficacy with significant differences in relation to semester, grade average, exhausting semester, program and faculty were evident. Students from dentistry, medicine, environmental, engineering and system program and faculty showed greater physical and mental - emotional exhaustion than the others. It is concluded that emotional exhaustion and cynicism level is differ- ent according to gender and career path among the student groups.

382-397

Authors: Lucely Obando Cabezas, Marco Alexis Salcedo Serna, Luisa Fernanda Correa

This reflection paper focuses on the possibilities of psychosocial intervention application for armed conflict victims care in relation to public health locations such as (hospitals, health care centers, etc.,...). Some conceptual implications of this comprehension model are proposed by different authors. In this paper, it is evident that health institutions are considered as socially inefficient in their purposes of intervention for this population. If the demand is interpreted wrongly as an exclusive request for physical well-being, this ignores the cry for justice to Colombian society by this population. The suggested proposal in this paper is to take into account a psychosocial approach as an alternative in health institutions, which is focuses on guiding the interventio towards goals, which suggest psychosocial transformations.

25-35

Authors: J. Isaac Uribe Alvarado, Manuel E. Riaño Garzón, Nidia J. Bonilla Cruz, Sandra M. Carrillo Sierra, Yurley Hernández Peña y Marly Johana Bahamón

In the sexual relations of the youth, the variables associated with condom use are diverse and are often presented with other variables, that are also associated with unprotected sexual practice. This study aimed to determine to what extent the perception of self-efficacy, low risk perception and condom use shunning are associated with condom use in sexual relations of young Colom- bians. 308 university students in the city of Cúcuta, Colombia, participated in the study. The results indicate significant correlations in men between condom use and self-efficacy perception and negative correlations in women between condom use, low risk perception and condom use shunning. Only in the male groups, the perception of self-efficacy predicts condom use.

55-69

Authors: Sonia Betancourth Zambrano, Daissy Andrea Burbano Fajardo y Michelé Venet

The present article is the result of a research that sought to know the coherence between the speech and the performance of a teacher in regards to the teacher-student relationships in pre-school. It was conducted through the qualitative approach with a study of a single case. The participants were 1 teacher and her 35 pre-school students. The children were between 4 and 5 years of age and attended an Educational Institution of the city of San Juan of Past(Colombia). Three classes were observed during the school period: the beginning, the half and the end of the year in order to study the changes in the interactions of the teacher with the children. Also, 20 minutes of each class were films and a semi-structured interview was done to the teacher to compare her opinions regarding the observed classes. The information was analyzed throughf the domains, dimensions and characteristics of the Pianta’s CLASS instrument. The research revealed incoherencies between the speech and the teacher’s performance in reference to the affective and the cognitive; the same happened with the relational ties in the ambientation of the environment of the classroom. That is to say, the teacher is clear on the importance of affection as a factor in the formation of the student. Nevertheless, she does not act in accordance to this concept.

89-98

Authors: Audin Aloiso Gamboa Suárez, Jairo Alejandro Ortiz Gélvez, Pablo Alexander Muñoz García

The presented results are the perceptions of 823 teachers on violence manifestations in the institutions under study. The Buss and Perry Questionnaire (1992) was used as an instrument, adapting the questions in order to validly and reliably substantiate the obtained results. Furthermore, an instrument with multiple choice questions was built to complement the Likert scale. The results show that not only students assault each other, but also aggressions between students and teachers were evidenced.

118-134

Authors: Carolina Gutiérrez de Piñeres Botero

In this study, a categorical content analysis was performed to 81 interviews conducted by the Judicial Police during the investigation phase in sexual crimes allegations where the alleged victims were children and adolescents. The use of protocols, the profession of persons responsible for conducting the interviews, styles to start the interviews, the strategies to build rapport, the strate- gies to assess the skills of those interviewed as witnesses and the strategies to assess suggestibility were analyzed in the study. In general, it was found that during the interviews, the practices do not meet the suggested procedures stablished in the guidelines and protocols; ntherefore, mistakes that are supposed to be rectified with these guidelines and protocols– are made.

137-180

Authors: Adalberto Campo-Arias, Edwin Herazo, Heidi Celina Oviedo.

The article is a result of a research whose objective was to explore the quantitative correlation between homophobia and lesbophobia among medical students from a university in Bogota, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with medical students over 18 years. Homophobia and lesbophobia were measured with the scale Attitude toward Gays and Lesbians (ATGL). The ATGL has of two ten-item scales: Attitude toward Gay Men Scale (ATG) and Attitude toward Lesbian Women Scale (ATL). Correlation between both scales was computed with the Pearson coefficient (r). It was hypothesized that homophobia and lesbophobia were different constructs if the correlation between scales was lower than 0.60. A total of 359 medical students participated in the research. The age average was 20.2 years old (SD=1.9); and 59.1 % were females. The ATG(Cronbach’s alpha of 0.85) scores were between 10 and 50, with an average of 27.9 (SD=8.1) and for ATL (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.73) between 10 and 45, with an average of 24.8 (SD=6.8). The correlation between homophobia (ATG) and lesbophobia (ATL) was of r=0.64 (p<0.001). It was that concluded that the ATG and ATL show a significantly high correlation; it suggests that homophobia and lesbophobia are not different constructs and both terms could be included in the general concept of sexual prejudice. Other researches must corroborate the present finding.

160-171

Authors: Victoria Eugenia Cabrera-García, Karla Tatiana Casas Rojas, Sandra Liliana Pardo Hernández, Diana Margareth Rodríguez Martínez

The purpose of this research was to identify levels of resilience in divorced people according to their education and income levels. For Gomez (2010), adverse situations are best dealt with adequate levels of resilience. The study involved 139 divorced participants: divorced men (44.6 %) and women (55.4 %); with basic education (48.2 %), college educated (51.8 %), with an income of less than COP $1.8 million (60.4 %) and with an income higher than COP $1.8 million (39.6 %). The methodology was quantitative with a cross design and ANOVAS were run in order to answer the research questions. People with college education showed higher levels of resilience in social competence and social support. Furthermore, those with higher income showed greater strength and self-confidence, social competence, family support and structure. In addition, an effect was found between the interaction of levels of income and education level, and the in strength and self-confidence. For future research, it is suggested to deepen these results on qualitative level.