Enfoque UTE

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Authors: Anita Argüello, Jimena Cumbicos, Claudia Mosquera, Jimmy Vicente-Reyes

Naturalistic engineering is a technical-scientific modern science cobining civil, environmental and geotechnical engineerings. It studies and uses building materials, plants, organic and synthetic materials for holding slopes. San Luis de Chillogallo and El Recreo are located in the South of Quito, where two projects for erosion control, containment and environmental recovery, have been implemented. These are pilot interventions that allow applying strategies and capabilities of estimation and reduction of risks from disasters. To implement the works, the ground was shifted, the organic and inorganic matter was wiped out, and unstable parts of the slope were removed, reshaping the slope through land exclusion and relocation. Subsequently, depending on the shape of each slope, specific techniques where designed and implemented. Double Wall Crib and Latin Triangular Branching techniques were used in San Luis de Chillogallo. Live Grating and Latino Triangular Branching techniques were used in El Recreo. Plants such as: Alder, Alnus glutinosa; paper tree, Polylepis sp.; chilca, Baccharis latifolia; lechero Euphorbia lactiflua and Tilo, Tilia platyphyllos; have been used in these projects. These plants are fast growing species and they have adapted successfully on the two slopes intervened.

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Authors: Roman Krávchenko

This article presents the process of development of seven gullies. The area of study is located in the province of Pichincha. These gullies show extensive sedimentary deposits. The characteristic of the deposits, th stratification and analysis of the organic matter at different depths, demonstrate that the deposits were formed by the accumulation in the gullies. At a depth of 225-230 cm the deposits have higher organic matter content than the layers located more than a meter above. The influences of the deposits, the transformation of the forms of the gullies and the characteristics of erosive-accumulative process have been investigated. Also the characteristics of the gullies at multiple levels have been studied. The gullies that are at the top of the hillside belong to periods prior to the activation of the erosion, if compared to gullies in the lower parts of mountainside. Cyclical progress was considered in the self-development of the gullies.

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Authors: Oswaldo Moscoso Zea

Inventory Management in Spare Parts Supply Chains (IMSPSC) plays an important role for both the Customer Company who wants to remain operational despite flaws in its machinery or equipment and the Supplier Company or Producer that want to improve their post sales service processes. The increasing importance of IMSPSC for the performance of companies calls for improved and innovative strategies in this area. This paper describes Single Echelon Inventory Strategies in Spare Parts management practices and serves as a source for deciding on the best strategy depending on the type of business and application. Nowadays these practices are not only a legal obligation of an organization but an opportunity to increase profits and to build long term commercial relationships and loyalty with customers.

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Authors: Andrea Loayza, Rodrigo Proaño, Diego Ordóñez Camacho

Context-aware applications adapt their behavior and settings according to the environment conditions and to the user preferences. This state-of-the-art survey identifies the current trends related to the technics and tools for the development of this kind of software, as well as the areas of interest of the scientific community on the subject. It stands out the research on multimodal interfaces, localization, activity detection, interruptions control, predictive and wellbeing applications.

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Authors: Nubia Grijalva Vallejos

Vegetal waste treatment product of urban, agricultural and industrial processes has severaltechnical problems and constitutes a significant environmental concern. Among them are thepersistence of crop protection products in high concentrations in plant material and the lack ofmicroorganisms that can tolerate such compounds and efficiently decompose the substrate.Bacteria and mainly white rot fungi are the main decomposers of lignin because of their ability tosynthesize extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in large quantities. Trichodermareesei, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium strains are modelstrains whose hight degradation efficiency with lignocellulose materials even in the presence ofpollutants has been proven. Several studies such as directed mutagenesis, co-culturing andheterologous expression have been done in order to improve the content of some enzymes(cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase) in model strains, additionally it has been done newgenetic searches to find other microorganisms with this potential. Its main applications are theindustrial production of ethanol and some seconday metabolites under controlled conditions infermentation processes. This review provides an overview about strategies and methodologiescurrently used for vegetal waste utilization by inoculation of microbial strains.

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Authors: Lorena Cuesta, María José Andrade Cuvi, Carlota Moreno Guerrero, Analía Concellón

The aim of this research was to study the antioxidant compounds content in Red-purple treetomato grown at different altitudes (m.a.s.l.). Fruits from Pelileo (2660 m.a.s.l.) and Chiquicha(2440 m.a.s.l.) in three maturity stages (unripe, ripe and overripe) were used. Physicochemical(surface and internal color, pH, titratable total acidity -TTA- and total soluble solids -SST-) andbiochemical analyses using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (total phenol -TF-, total anthocyanins -TA-, total carotenes -CT-, L-ascorbic acid -AA- and antioxidant capacity -AC-) in the mesocarpand endocarp of fruits were performed. In the color, higher values of L* (epicarp) and h*(epicarp and mesocarp) in unripe, ripe and overripe fruits from Chiquicha were obtained, whileC* values of mesocarp and endocarp was higher in those from Pelileo. The color differenceswere evident during fruit ripening, but a direct relationship between crop altitude and changes in color parameters analyzed wasn’t found. There was a significantly higher difference in the pH oftomatoes (unripe and ripe) from Chiquicha. Also, these fruits had higher TTA (ripe and overripe)and TSS (overripe) than those from Pelileo. The mesocarp showed higher content of TF and TCin the fruits (three maturity stages) from Chiquicha, while higher concentration of thesecompounds showed the endocarp from Pelileo’s fruit. The TA and AA content was higher in ripefruits from Chiquicha. In general, the fruits from Chiquicha showed higher concentration ofantioxidant compounds, possibly because the plantation, consisting of at least two genotypes, islocated in a mountainous area with good characteristics for this fruit cultivation.