Enfoque UTE

1 - 12

Authors: Andrés Revelo, Diego Proaño, Carlos Banchón

The textile industry in Ecuador is still a matter of concern because of the inappropriate disposal of their effluents into the local water supply. The present research was carried out in Pelileo (Tungurahua-Ecuador) where textile wastewaters are discharged into waterways. An environmentally friendly solution to treat highly contaminated organic textile wastewaters is herein evaluated: a remediation process of biocoagulation was performed using extracts from the Caesalpinia spinosa plant also known as guarango or tara. It was determined that using C. spinosa extracts to treat wastewater has the same statistical effect as when applying a chemical coagulant (polyaluminum chloride 15%). Activated zeolite adsorbed color residuals from treated water to obtain turbidity removal more than 90%. A mathematical model showed that turbidity removal between 50-90% can be obtained by applying 25-45 g/L of guarango extracts and zeolite per 700 mL of textile wastewater. The natural coagulation using C. spinosa extracts produced 85% less sludge than polyaluminum chloride, and removed high organic matter content in the wastewater (1050 mg/L) by 52%.

25 - 34

Authors: David Carrera, Tania Crisanto, Paulina Guevara, Maribel Maya

In the Rio Grande basin, the Chone Multi-Purpose dam (PMCH) is built with an investment of approximately $66 million, to irrigate over 7000ha. The marked differences in precipitation could impair the quality of water; therefore the aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the ions and their location in the graph: relationship of ions and mechanisms of chemical processes, water behavior and trend setting. The study was a non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive research. 111 samples were collected in the group of channels that form the Rio Grande basin, in 2013 and 2014 during times of drought and rain. The parameters were measured in the sample anions and cations. The processes that control the chemistry of surface water in the studied area during the rainy season have a predisposition to mineralization in equilibrium with rocks. However, in the time of drought, water movement was observed towards the area where evaporation with respect to precipitation predominates, increasing the inorganic chemistry of the waters that, in time, could be extended.

45 - 54

Authors: Dayana Cerón Salgado, Nubia Grijalva

In this research, 108 samples were analyzed (54 of coriander and 54 of parsley). These samples were obtained under a random method in three distribution spots on each of the markets around the north of the city of Quito. Total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and Escherichia coli (EC) were detected. The average of TC value for coriander was 5.09 log UFC/g and 6.39 log UFC/g for parsley. Values of 607.0 NMP/g for F for the market #1, 597.7NMP/g for the market # 2, and 474.2 NMP/g for the market # 3 were found. The 23.1% of the parsley samples presented positive recounts for Escherichia coli while for the coriander the 14.8% of the samples were positive for this bacterium. The presence of enteric indicators (TC, FC, and EC) was independent from the market and the distribution point which indicates a high contamination level and demonstrates the necessity of a microbiologic control on the irrigation system, farming, transport and hygienic conditions of handlers in order to assure the quality of the leafy vegetables, is recommended to set local norms to evaluate the microbiological quality of these foods.