International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis

52-58

Authors: Sachinthi S. Amarasiri, Anoja P. Attanayake, Kamani A.P.W. Jayatilaka, Lakmini K.B. Mudduwa

Animals are used as experimental models to reproduce human diseases. To date, various animal models have been successfully developed by numerous methods to simulate human diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Such models have played a central role in developing dialysis, transplantation experiments and more importantly in the discovery of new therapeutic agents from natural product for the care of patients with kidney disease. This review focuses on key information on in vivo models of CKD that have been developed through spontaneous, acquired and genetic approaches. Most of the experiments related to CKD have been carried out on rodent models such as mice and rats. Spontaneous disease models of CKD are generated by various metabolic and immunological methods. Nephrotoxic agents including adenine, adriamycin, cisplatin, folic acid, aristolochic acid and oxalate are used to induce CKD in addition to nephrectomy and unilateral ureteral obstruction models. Further, animal models developed through forward and reverse genetic approaches provide artificial models of CKD. Developing animal models to approximate human CKD is a challenging task since it requires reflecting the effect of age, sex, and comorbidities in addition to the disease condition. But, their usage to tease out the processes which can cause pathologic changes in a biological system is still important for the health care improvements related to CKD. However, no animal model can exactly simulate response in human CKD.

67-73

Authors: Dinesh D. Rishipathak, Luketa R. Alai, Pavan B. Udavant

Several new promising bioactive derivatives of N-(5-(Substituted)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-((5-(substitutes)-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) amino) acetamide were synthesized. The compounds were obtained in excellent yields. The synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR and NMR. Acute toxicity study was done to determine the LD50 of the newly synthesized compounds. Some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticonvulsant effect by PTZ induced convulsions method. Statistical testing was done by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. The compounds D-III showed the highest percentage of protection as compared to PTZ, i.e. 80% at the dose of 20mg/kg among the evaluated compounds compared to control.

84-88

Authors: K. R. Gupta, S. Badole, J. K. Gupta, S. V. Singh

The present paper describes the synthesis and antibacterial as well as antioxidant activity of new chalcone derivatives derived from p-chloroacetopheneone. In the present work the reaction of p-chloroacetophenone with different substituted aromatic aldehyde. The newly synthesized chalcones (A-D) were analysed by their spectral data TLC, IR, UV and melting point. These newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant activity by Diphenyl Picryl Hydrazine (DPPH) model using ascorbic acid as standard and for antimicrobial activity by Cup Plate method on gram positive and gram negative bacterial strain using amoxicillin as standard.

94-99

Authors: D. Sharmila, J. Chandini, K. Vasantha Lakshmi, Ch. Hari Balaji, A. Lakshmana Rao

The combination of Canagliflozin and Metformin was available as fixed dose tablets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The present method aims to develop a simple, precise and accurate spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of Canagliflozin and Metformin in commercial formulation. The method utilizes Vierordt’s equation based on the measurement at two wavelengths 290nm (?max of Canagliflozin) and 236nm (?max of Metformin). The method exhibited linear range of 2.5 to 15µg/ml and 5 to 17.5µg/ml for Canagliflozin and Metformin, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The LOD and LOQ for Canagliflozin were found to be 0.43 and 1.31 respectively. For Metformin the LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.49 and 1.49 respectively. The recovery of Canagliflozin and Metformin were found to be 99.43 and 98.82 respectively. The results were validated statistically as per ICH guidelines and were found to be satisfactory. To conclude, the developed UV spectrophotometric method is more economical for analysis of Canagliflozin and Metformin in both bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form for routine analysis.

106-107

Authors: Sankalp Yadav, Gautam Rawal

The infectious diseases have taken a toll on the rapidly multiplying population of the developing countries. The top three killers being HIV AIDS, TB and malaria. The total number of deaths due to TB is really a cause of concern since a well laid national program is running in most of these countries. However, even in the presence of clear guidelines to treat TB, there has always been a gradual rise in the new cases with few exceptions in some of these resource-constrained countries. The issue becomes graver when the problem of drug-resistant TB also comes into the picture. In the present article, the authors highlight the introduction of the new drug i.e., Bedaquiline in India to counter the problem of multidrug-resistant TB.