International Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis

104-109

Authors: Arzoo S. Shaikh, Chiragkumar J. Gohil

The chemical reaction which is occur by the absorption of the light or photon is called as Photochemical reaction. And the branch of the chemistry which is dealing with the study of these types of reactions is called as photochemistry. Photochemical reaction are also called as light reaction, because they have got the activation energy from the light. In this article we have covered the important aspects of photochemistry. Like the various rules of photochemistry which are the base of photochemical reaction and the important phenomena Jablonski Diagram which states about the mechanism of photochemical reaction and various light radiation process which are happened by the electronic transitions. We have also discussed the Quantum Yield by which we can determine about the number of molecules activated or decomposed by absorption of single photon. Including the Quantum Efficiency which gives the description about the efficiency of the Photosensitive Devices and also with the types of photochemical reaction with examples, which gives the idea about the various chemical reaction which are types of photochemical reactions.

117-123

Authors: Parixit Prajapati, Ragini Solanki, Vishalkumar Modi, Tarashankar Basuri

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is fast, non-destructive analytical method hence NIRS is suitable for analysis of solid, liquid and pharmaceutical forms. NIRS can also be implemented during pharmaceutical development, for production by process monitoring or in QC laboratories. Based on the principle and range of electromagnetic radiation spectroscopy is classified into several types. In the following review various aspects of NIR its introduction, principle, instrumentation, and its application in pharmaceutical industry have been implemented

133-142

Authors: Manisha Karpe, Monika Kumbhar, Ravindra Tupe, Gaurav Bhamare, Vilasrao Kadam

Troxipide -loaded gastro retentive floating microspheres using Ethylcellulose as matrix and methanol as mucoadhesive polymer were prepared for the purpose of improving sustain drug release for about 12h of troxipide to produce local action and reduce dose frequency. The morphological properties of the microspheres were studied by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Floating microspheres are gaining attention due to their wide applicability in the targeting of drugs to the stomach. These floating microspheres have the advantage they remain buoyant and distributed uniformly over the gastric fluid to avoid the vagaries of gastric emptying and release the drug for prolonged periods of time. Multi-particulates low-density partices can successfully prolong the gastric retention time of the drugs. This article can provide an overview of two important approaches utilized to prepare and improve the performance of floating microspheres.

150-161

Authors: Jagadeswara Rao K, Mohan B, Venugopal NVS, Murali Mohan SV, Rama Rao Malla

Degradation pathway of bortezomib was established as per ICH recommendations in terms of validated and stability indicating reverse phase liquid chromatographic method. Bortezomib was subjected to stress using conditions of acid, base, oxidation, thermal and photolysis. Significant degradation was observed in acid and base stress conditions. Ten impurities were studied and the major degradant was hydroxyamide impurity. The stress samples were assayed against a qualified reference standard and the mass balance is found close to 98.2%. Efficient chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax Extend C18(100 x 4.6 mm, 1.8 μm) stationary phase with simple mobile phase combination In the developed LC method, the resolution between bortezomib and ten potential impurities such as Imp-A, Imp-B, Imp-C, Imp-D, Imp-E, Imp-F, Imp-G, bortezomib isomer, hydroxyamide and bortezomib ester) was found to be greater than 2.0. Regression analysis showed r value (correlation coefficient) of greater than 0.999 for bortezomib and ten potential impurities. This method was capable of detecting the impurities of bortezomib at a level of 0.02% with respect to test concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. The developed rapid LC method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, precision and robustness for impurities.

168-173

Authors: Parixit Prajapati, Chandni Chandarana, Vishalkumar Modi, Tarashankar Basuri

For determination of Spironolactone in pharmaceutical formulation, Simple, fast and reliable first and second order derivative UV spectrophotometric methods were developed. Spectrophotometrically, Spironolactone was determined by measuring the 1D and 2D-values at 226 nm and 262 nm using methanol as background solvent. The Calibration curves were shown linear within a concentration range from 5-35 μg/ml. The developed and validated method was easily applied to the analysis of the pharmaceutical tablet preparations. The percentage recoveries were found to be 100% for given methods. The excipients did not interfere in the analysis. The results showed that this method can be used for rapid determination of Spironolactone in pharmaceutical tablet with specificity and accuracy.