The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

5

Authors: Firas J. Taha

This study was conducted in the field of Al-Musaib Technical Institute, Foundation of Technical Education, at 2010 , at Massy Ferguson ( MF- 399) tractor with chisel plow in the various tillage depths as well as effect of tractor speeds in clay loam soil .The experiment was studied two factors: - included tillage depths (12.5,17and24 cm). Three ground speeds of tractor included 3.06,4.68 and 6.66 km/hr , The properties which were studied including fuel consumption, soil penetration resistance , slippage percentage and practical productivity .The research was performed by applying the factorial experiments according to the completely randomized design with four replications and data were analyzed statisticalyl. Mean values of each treatment were compared using LSD at the 0.05 level of confidence to test significance. The results showed the following : increasing of tillage depths from 12.5 to 17 and 24 cm caused an increasing in fuel consumption, Soil penetration resistance and slippage percentage, and decrease in the practical productivity ,Tillage depth 12.5 cm indicated significant superiority up on tillage depths 17 and 24 cm in achieving lower fuel consumption, Soil penetration resistance and lower slippage percentage while tillage depth 24 cm achieving higher practical productivity, Increasing ground speeds of tractor from 3.06 to 4.68 and 6.66 km/hr caused an increasing in fuel consumption. Soil penetration resistance and slippage percentage and practical productivity, Ground speed of tractor 3.06 km/hr achieved lower fuel consumption, and lower slippage percentage, while ground speed of tractor 6.66 km/hr indicated significant superiority up on 3.06 and 4.68 km/hr in achieving higher practical productivity in tillage depth 12.5 cm

7

Authors: Amer H. H. Alzobaay Amer A. Mohammed Amira M. Saleh

Iraqi pastirma was manufactured from beef and abdominal fat in the ratio of 3 meats: 1 fat. The percentage of moisture, protein, fat and ash in the sample of raw meat were 73.21, 21.64, 3.15 and 1.22% respectively, and the amount of total cholesterol was 127.0 mg/100gm. The percentages of chemical components of mixture were 60.50, 13.47, 21.56 and 1.56%, respectively. The amount of cholesterol in mg/100gm was 190.90 while the peroxide value was 0.69 meq. O2/kg sample and thiobarbituric acid number was 0.86 mg malonealdehyde /kg sample. Fermentation process was conducted at 37 C˚ and 80-85% relative humidity for 48 hours for treatments which inoculated with Lactobacillus casei In both percentages 2.5% and 5% of the mixture after adding sugar and salt. Added the other materials used in the pastirma manufacture including spices and garlic. Then mixture of pastirma packaged in natural casings (from cleaned cow small intestine then sterilized in 15% NaCl with 1% Acetic Acid). Pastirma samples were matured at 15-17 c˚ and 75-80% relative humidity for 4 weeks. It was found that cholesterol percentage in pastirma with 5% of Lb. casei decreased more than 40% while in pastirma with 2.5, 5% of Lb. casei, the peroxide and thiobarbituric acid numbers were low in comparison with control.

7

Authors: Ali L. Jasim

The theme of “extension means” is one of the important subjects in the extension work as one of the main tools for the success of any process of dissemination of agricultural technologies to a wide audience of guidance. This research therefore seeks to detect the use of extension means in the process of dissemination agricultural technologies from the viewpoint of agricultural extension workers in the General Authority for extension and agricultural cooperation as well as illustrate the relationship between the usage level of these means and some independent factors of the guides. This study was done on a random sample of 67 agricultural extension workers, representing about 46% from agricultural extension workers who work at the headquarters of the Commission as well as the workers in the training center refers to the body. For the purpose of gathering information, the researcher developed a questionnaire consisting of three parts the first part represents the measurement of independent factors (sex, age, academic achievement, address, job specialization, years of service in agricultural extension exclusively, previous training in the use of extension means, direction towards the extension) in represents the second part measuring the level of use means guidance, as well as its importance in the process of dissemination of agricultural technologies, which contained 22 as a means of 13 as a means indicative visual and 4 The means of guidance audio and 5 The means of guidance audio visual. Finally, the third part represents the question open face of the guides to see the problems and constraints they face in the process of guiding the use of means. Shows the results of research and there is a clear disparity in the degree of use means indicative studied as it was clear that the computer and movies of agricultural and pictures and posters is the highest means indicative of the degree of use while occupied maps, cinema agricultural, charts, and animated films silent ranks four years. As it turns out that the guides believe that means guiding mission, in the transfer of agricultural technologies are: computer, movies, agricultural, and the Internet, posters, models, and bands data Show, and the real stuff, and pictures, samples, and telephone or mobile device. Have found significant positive correlation positive correlation at the level of significance 0.05 with each of the variable of years of service exclusively in agricultural extension, and variable pre-service training in the use of extension means. Accordingly, the research recommends the need for attention to training workers in the field of agricultural extension as well as the use of means of interest of the feedback from them, and that contributes to the improvement and development of guidance and development means used in the dissemination of agricultural technologies.

11

Authors: FAIK T.Al- Chalabi * HAMEED A. KH. Al-Farttoosi

A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Field Crop Sciences - College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad, during summer season of 2008 and 2009 to investigate the response of yield components and yield of cotton to magnetized water and weed control with trifluralin herbicide. A randomized complete block design arranged according to split-plot was used with three replicates. The study included four levels of magnetic water strength (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 Gauss ) as main plot treatments and five application rates of trifluralin (0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 l.ha-1), and weed free as sub plot treatments. The results showed significant effect of magnetic water on almost all characters studied. Magnetic water of 500 Gauss caused greater percentage of weed control at 30 days after planting in both seasons and recorded 66.90% as compared with 39.10% for normal water treatment in 2008 season and 57.17% as compared with 47.14% in 2009 season. Closer impact resulted between lower application rate of herbicide (1.2 l.ha-1) and highest application rate (2.4 and 3.6 l.ha-1) on weed control percentage. Also significant interaction effects between magnetic water of (500 Gauss) and application rate (1.2 l.ha-1) of trifluralin were observed on weed control percentage which recorded 85.00% and 55.63% as compared with 31.30% and 42.55% when same application rate of herbicide was used with normal water respectively. These results reflected positively on cotton yield and yield components. Yield of lint cotton, increased to 1346.16 and 1600.19 kg.ha-1 as compared with 848.38 and 802.58 kg.ha-1 obtained with normal water treatment, that gave increased percentage of 36.97% and 50.42% respectively. It was concluded that magnetic water technique could be used to improve yield of cotton. Also magnetized water may increase efficiency of lower application rates of trifluralin herbicide which may lead to reduced the cost of this herbicide and the environmental pollution.

18

Authors: S. H. Cheyed M. M. Elsahookie

To investigate the effects of seed position on the cob (lower and upper third),seed harvested at physiological and one month later and 200 and 400 kg N/ha when grown in spring and fall of the next year, using seeds of maize synthetic B-106. The experiment was conducted for four seasons on the farm of Field Crop Research Station/College of Agric./Univ. of Baghdad during spring and fall of 2009 and 2010. Results showed that seeds produced in the spring and fertilized with 400 kg.ha-1 gave higher seeds.plant-1 (343 and 601)and grain yield.plant-1 (78 and 124 g.plant-1)as compared to 200 kg.N.ha-1 which gave lower grain.plant-1 (64 and 112)for both seasons, respectively. Late harvest of spring grown seeds gave higher plant leaf area (0.608 m2), crop growth rate (2.3 and 4.5 g.m-2.d-1) and plant dry matter (229 and 283 g.plant-1),that increased seed yield (78 and 120 g) as compared to early harvest which gave lower plant seed yield (69 and 108 g), both seasons, respectively. Accordingly, to produce maize seeds of high agricultural quality, we should take spring grown seeds fertilized with 400kg.N.ha-1 , and harvested one month after physiological maturity. However, to have high seed yield for industry or feed, we recommend fall grown seeds taken from lower third of ear, and fertilized with 400kg.N.ha-1. Lower third seeds grown in the fall gave plant growth rate (2.2 and 4.2 g.m-2.d-1), plant dry matter (205 and 374 g),ear seed number (322 and 601) and plant grain yield (73 and 128 g) as compared to lower plant yield of upper third seeds which gave (67 and 108 g.plant-1),for both seasons, respectively. Genetic contamination was higher in lower or upper third of ear when foreign pollinator pollens available, early or late, in the seasons,respectively.