The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

7

Authors: Mujahid I. Hamdan Fadel Y. Baktash

Field Experiments were carried at Abu-Ghraib Agricultural Station during the seasons of 2007 to 2009 for development and evaluation of maize (Zea mays L.) synthetics produced from different number of inbreds. Sixteen inbreds of maize were grow in 2007 to develop six synthetics according to polycross method. These synthetics were named Syn6 , Syn8 , Syn10 , Syn12 , Syn14 and Syn16. These involved according to there number of parents. These synthetics were planted during the spring seasons of 2008 and 2009 with check synthetic cultivars R-106 and 5012 . A randomized complete block design was used with four replications. Data on yield and its components were obtained. Results showed significant differences among the synthetics studied. Check cultivar 5012 gave higher means of grain number in ear and grain yield plant and total yield (114.26 g yield/plant and 7.616 ton/ha ) , respectively. Results showed that Syn16 was superior in yield and components as compared with other developed synthetics in spring seasons. The results also revealed that the grain yield and components of synthetics were increased with increasing number of inbreds parents , which will increase the genetic base.

8

Authors: Mujahid I. Hamdan Fadil Y. Baktash

Field experiments were carried at Abu-Ghraib Agricultural Res. Station during the seasons of 2007 to 2009 to develop and evaluate synthetics produced from different number of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds. Sixteen inbred maize were grown 2007 to develop six synthetic varieties using polycross method. The synthetic varieties named Syn6 , Syn8 , Syn10 , Syn12 , Syn14 and Syn16 , according to there number of parents. These synthetics were grown during the spring seasons of 2008 and 2009 with cultivars R-106 and 5012 as the check , using randomized complete block design to study several agronomic characters. The results showed significant differences among the synthetic cultivars. Cultivar check 5012 gave the higher plant height, dry matter and harvest index(162cm,14.32ton.h and 30.27%) , respectively, However , cultivar 5012 were better in most important traits as compared with other new varieties especially in leaves area (9352cm) , leaves area index (6.42) and dry matter (21.36t/ha). The check variety R-106 superior to other cultivars in number of days from planting to flowering (70.6days) , maturation (119.94days) and plant height (215.0cm). The synthetic Syn16 superior to other new varieties except Syn14 , in number of days to silting (76.4days) , plant height (184.1cm) , leaves area (6750cm) , leaf area index (4.45) , number of days to maturity dry matter contains (16.32ton/ha) and harvest index. The results revealed that the numbers of inbred line parents influenced until 16Syn inbred line in several agronomic characters.

9

Authors: Jabbar H. Al-Niaimi Enase J. Hassan Saadah K. Mohamed Ali

An experiment was conducted at the mushroom production unit in the Dept. of Hort. starting in Feb. , 5 / 2010 .The white strain of Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus ( Jaq: Fr ) ) was imported from Jordan. Sterilized and moist wheat straw was used as substrate. Mushroom spawn ( 5 % ) was added to the straw in plastic bags and incubated at 25 ± 2ºC for one month then transferred to the growth room at 25 ± 2ºC and 80-90% humidity and light was raised to 400 lux. The fruiting bodies were stored in cold incubators at 2± 1ºC for three weeks or 4±1 ºC for three weeks or 8±1ºC for two weeks or 20 ± 2ºC for one week. The results showed that the percentage of dry matter loss and the percentage of weight loss and the percentage of decay increased significantly with the increase of storage temperature. The percentage of decay in the fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom was increased to 65.14% after one week of storage at 20±2ºC. The concentrations of all the chemicals with the medicinal properties decreased significantly in the fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom with the increase of storage temperature. The loss in the concentrations of the chemicals with the medicinal properties increased significantly with the increase of storage temperature. Increasing storage temperature to 20±2ºC for one week increased the loss in the concentration of β-glucan and gallic acid to 90% and the loss of the Ergothionine to 85% and the loss of statin and chitin to 80% and the loss of Lectin to 75% comparing with there concentrations before storage. This result showed that storage and marketing of oyster mushroom must be under cold temperature.

9

Authors: Maeida H. Ali

The research aims to identify the structure of the production costs of maize Zea mays L. to a village self-interest, depending on the data field for farmers in the crop in the village of self-interest in the district of Tarmiyah. The study included 25 farmers for the season (2010) grew 100.5 hectares produced 491.4 tons, which represents all the farmers who grow the crop in the village of self-interest of to spend Tarmiyah. Was adopted by the Economic and statistical analysis and standardization of data Alaolipohart results show that fixed costs were 0.234% of the total overall costs and the costs of family work is the highest proportion of costs at all as they hit 86% of the total fixed college. Aohma reflects the importance of the family business as a parameter for the production of this crop. Were estimated as a function of the total costs and were in accordance with the logic of economic theory, where the specimen is a cube Alaktramlaimp of the relationship adopted in the research and for compatibility with the statistical tests, standard and economic development. Has proved to be significant function at the level of probability 1% was the value of F calculated is equal to (300) and proved to be significant parameters estimated and the signal parameters were identical with the concept of economic theory. Show that the high proportion of the interpreter to 98% according to the coefficient of determination (R2) was confirmed not there is a problem autocorrelation between the values of residuals of a specimen according to Durbin Watson test. Also overcome the problem of instability of the specimen variation depending on the park and test this function was derived function Alclepwalklvp marginal average cost to calculate the optimum size. Show that the optimal size of production, which maximizes the profit is 79.5 tons, while the actual production of the sample is 19.66 tons. Was also reached to the space that best achieve optimum production and found to be of 16.25 hectares of the research sample, while the real rate of the cultivated area of 4.02 hectares already so it must expand in the area planted to this crop to expand production optimization. Calculated the lowest possible price to offer the product in his product from the calculation of the average total cost estimated in the long term which is (104.67) one thousand dinars per ton. Function was derived in the long term supply and economies of scale achieved the expense of flexibility and cost and price elasticity, which has been weak due to the weak response of farmers to chang

10

Authors: Fadhil H. Al-Sahaf Mohammed Z. K. Al-Mharib Firas M. Jawad

This experiment was carried out in the experimental field , Dept. of Horticulture / College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad , during fall 2009 and spring 2010 . Three hybrids of cucumber were used , namely, Gazeer (G) , Najm (N) and Babylon (B) . Response of cucumber hybrids to chemical and organic fertilizer was studied , using suggested chemical fertilizers programme (T1) , organic fertilizers programme (T2) and recommended chemical fertilizers (T3) to examine their effects on vegetative growth and yield. A split plot arrangement was adopted with three replicates. Least significant differences was used to compare the means. Results showed Gazeer hybrid gave the highest vegetative growth and yield characteristics in fall and spring seasons while Babylon gave good characteristics of vegetative growth and yield in spring season. The best results were got by using recommended fertilizers (T3) (260 kg Urea / Ha with 340 kg super phosphate with added 100 kg K/Ha K2SO5) while organic fertilizers treatment improved vegetative growth and yield which include perl humus and pow humus and Amino power plus. Interaction treatment of Gazeer hybrid with recommended fertilizer treatment (GT3) gave the highest total yield (22.55 ton / hectar) in fall and 31.77 ton / hectar) in spring season and total yield of same variety with suggested chemical fertilizer (GT1) (20.66 ton / hectar and 30.57 ton / hectar in fall and spring season respectively).It could be suggest that organic fertilizer treatment (T2) which gave good total yield reached 20.22 ton / hectar in fall season and 29.07 ton / hectar in spring season . Although the production of organic fertilizer treatment (GT2) is lower than fertilizer treatment(GT3 and GT1) but it gave an improve to soil chemical composition and physical characteristics ,besides it decrease the environment pollution and produce healthy crop and pollutent free fruits.

15

Authors: S. N. A. Al-sadoon and A. M.S. Addaheri

A field experiment was conducted in two seasons (spring and fall 2009) in a silty loam soil, in Anbar-governorate, to investigate the effect of four nitrogen fertilizer levels 0, 100, 200and300 kgN.ha-1on growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of three sorghum cultivars (Rabeh, Inkath and Kaffer). Factorial arrangement was used according to the randomized complete block design with three replications. Inkath cultivar showed the longest period from mid-bloom to maturity(27.92 ,34.00 dais), highest grain yield(6.17, 6.47 t.ha-1) in spring and fall respectively. rabeh cultivar showed the highest (NUE) for the dry matter(11.15, 28.39 kg.kgN-1) in spring and fall respectively. The level of N fertilizer (300 kgN.ha-1) gave the highest total dry matter(15.82, 19.60t.ha-1); 200 kgN.ha-1 gave the highest grain yield(6.24, 6.57 t.ha-1); 100 kgN.ha-1 showed the highest (NUE) for the dry matter(11.86, 28.73kg.kgN-1) and (NUE) for the grain(7.60, 7.84 kg.kgN-1) in spring and fall respectively. Inkath cultivar produced the highest grain yield at 300 kgN.ha-1 in spring(6.83 t.ha-1), at 200 kgN.ha-1 in fall (6.91 t.ha-1), it showed the highest (NUE) for the grain at 100 kgN.ha-1(8.47, 8.40 kg.kgN-1) in spring and fall respectively. the conclusion, Inkath the best cultivar for grain, (NUE) decreased with increasing of N fertilizer level, Under the experiment circumstances.