International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies (IRJIMS)

01-21

Authors: Dr. Abhijit Gongopadhyay

As per opinion of modern researchers the story behind the partition of Bengal was massively political. The innocent Hindoo and Muslim of our country were grossly gravitated by the immoral objectives of some political leaders and communal provocations has made the ultimate blunder for our nation. The partion took place after independence in 1948 and after Bangladesh war in 1971 was not only the destruction of lives and resources from both part of Bengal but also a hard stroke against civilization, culture as well as our humanity. Partition literature from both part of Bengal in different time raised its voice based on some common interests like language, fraternity and human rights. Bengalee writers of East Bengal have perceived the maximum oppression of partition rather than the writers of West Bengal. From Tarasankarsankar Bandyopadhyay, Narayan Gangopadhyay, Samaresh Basu and others to Amar Mitra, Sayed Waliullah, Akhtaruzzaman Elius, Hasan Azizul Haque—every one showed the impact of partition differently in their writings. Reality, Experiences, Trama, Dreams and Memories related to the partition has been depicted in those novel and short stories in various wings. Cognition to next generation was also being recorded in this sphere.

27-36

Authors: Shubhasish Benarjee

Rabindranath Tagore's Creation in that field enriched my feelings time and again. The day I read 'Kabuliwala', I have been in love with multiligual characters. For the sake of earning livelihood the Bengalees scattcred themselves in various provinces as well as in various parts of the world. Consequently, it has its reflection in various branches of literature. It is not of today, this impact is clear since Rabindranath's days. In this context we need to say that the characters outside Bengal as well as non-Indians have not lost their identity in the gathering of Bengali speaking characters rather by the ingerous touch of the pen of Story writers. This type of characters enriehed the world of Bengali short stories and this process is still going on. Sometimes the story writers expressed the languages in Lucid Bengali and that did not creat any negative effect on the acceptability of the characters, rather their genuine appeal moved the Bengali readers. Since The British period when Kolkata, the then Calautta was the capital of India, we have been acquainted with the multilingual characters. We come across 'Kabuliwala', who may be called the first authentic multilingual character. Apart from 'Kabuliwala' mention may be made of ‘Dalia’, ‘Kshudita Pashan’ and ‘Laboratory’. The effect of gorgeousness has been increased by the cry of Meher Ali- ‘every thing is lie, be away’ and the episode of spirits likening those in the Arabian Nights. Sohini, a Punjabi girl in the short story ‘Laboratary’ is a powerful stair in modernism. Introduction of Dalia, a character of Nawab regime has expressed the talent of Tagore in a dynamic form.

46-62

Authors: Partha Sarathi Bose

The main objective of SHG (Self Help Group) is to irradicate the poverty and to develop the socio-economical condition of the people of grass root level. In general SHG is a small group of those peoples who are belongs to below poverty line.The another objective of SHG is womens’ empowerment besides this it helps to increase the ability of savings among the poor.It also the time to realize that how much the developmental plan like SHG will be helpful as well as fruitful and is applicable in our third world country like India because here one of the major problems is povert.So it is intended to evaluate the impact of SHG on the people those who are in the below poverty line.literally SHG is a scheme for the rural people but now it also being applicable in urban area as well.Many of them those who have joined SHG are able to develop their socioe-conomical condition through it.Now a days many research have been organized to evaluate and to explore the needs of SHG in our day to day life.How much its is helping,is It playing positive or negative role , these are the main concern of the researcher.Thease data will help to diffuse the developmental scheme like SHG.But it is true that we have to play crucial role to make this scheme successful.

69-90

Authors: Dr. R. Sorna Priya,Dr. M. Rifaya Meera,P. Vishwanath

India has more than 100 million internet users out of which one half opts for online purchases and the number is rising sharply every year. The growth in the number of online shoppers is greater than the growth in Internet users, indicating that more Internet users are becoming comfortable to shop online. The present article is an attempt that has been made to study the perception of college students towards online shopping stores at Sivakasi. In this study an attempt has been made perception on college students about online stores has been playing a vital role in these scenarios day to day activities in the mind of customers. Customer perception is typically affected in the way of broadly such as advertising, reviews, public relations, social media and personal experiences etc. Today we say that customers are mind blowing while go for an online shopping because the wide range of internet facilities in the world. Thus the validated questionnaire was used to collect data from 80 respondents. The researchers have adopted random convenient sampling technique to gather the data from in and around college students in Sivakasi area. The data are analyzed using the simple percentage analysis and chi-square tests. The result of this study reveals that customers are intake in the future online shopping in the way of intention for getting products through internet websites such as EBay, Flipkart etc.

103-110

Authors: Mohana Basu

The third largest organized crime after drugs and the arms trade all over the world is human trafficking. According to the definition of the United Nations– “trafficking is any activity leading to recruitment, transportation, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or a position of vulnerability”. Close to 80% of the human trafficking across the world is done for sexual exploitation and the rest is for bonded labour and India is considered as the hub of this crime in Asia. As per the statistics of the government–in every eight minutes a child goes missing in our country. In 2011 about 35,000 children were reported missing and more than 11,000 out of these were from West Bengal. Further, it is assumed that only 30% of the total cases are reported, so the actual number is pretty high. In this paper an attempt has been made to uncover the sides of juvenile trafficking which is major type of human trafficking in Kolkata.

119-124

Authors: Abhishek Kr Singh,Dr. Manoj Kr Singh

Advertising is the means by which on party attempts to convince or entice another into purchasing a particular product or services. It means advertising play a very crucial role in shaping the attitude of consumers and framing public opinion and it is a well know fact that the public opinion is always influenced the social-ethical aspects of advertising, the marketers and the public policy makers should take different stances on how advertising should be treated. The study has analyzed in detail the public response to the issues like: Children behavioural changes in Advertising’, ‘Use of Sex in Advertisements’, ‘Promotion of Materialism through Advertising’, ‘Use of Comparative Advertising’, ‘Ethics in Adver-tising’ and ‘Public Policy on Advertising’. The population for the study comprised a sample of 250 respondents from Delhi-NCR (including 100 from the NCR region of Delhi), Based upon the opinions and beliefs of the public, as revealed by the study; suggestions have been made to the advertisers and the public policy makers. The methodology used in the research work is convenience sampling. The data has been collected personally with the help of a well structured and non-disguised questionnaire.

131-138

Authors: Kaushik Bhakta,Nabanita Dutta

Today the changes brought about by new technology had a significant effect on the life of people living in every corner of the globe. Traditional process of teaching and learning in education has been replaced by new and emerging technologies. Information Technology is having a major impact on all areas of education- curriculum, methods of teaching, classroom learning etc. Rapid communication with increased access of Information Technology (IT) in home, work place and educational institutions has make education a life-long process. Information technology helps in promoting opportunities of knowledge sharing throughout the world. These can help teachers and students in gaining up-to-date information and knowledge. For effective teaching and learning right information is necessary. Information technology is a set of tools that can help the right people with the right information at the right time. This paper highlights the importance of IT in educational sector, impact of IT on classroom teaching, advantages and disadvantages of IT.

148-154

Authors: Nirada Baro

The Bodo community of Assam is the largest group among the plain tribes of Assam. The Bodos or the Bodo-Kacharis constitute a very important section of the different ethnic groups and races settling in Assam with their distinctive cultural and linguistic traits. The paper tries to explore about the traditional arts and crafts of the Bodo tribes and highlights the tradition and change of the arts and crafts of the Bodo tribes. The Bodos are very rich in their traditional arts and crafts. It is said that, India has received the technique of weaving and embroidery from Indo-Mongoloid. In Assam, the Bodos were decidedly the pioneers in this respect. The weaving culture is significant art of the Bodo community. The Bodos are expert too in bamboo crafts. They made almost all articles required for their daily use in the society. The Bodos are maintaining their traditional artistic creativity by following some methods. There are different methods has been used in arts and crafts of them. In the crafts also they make different designs and shapes. As the develop Science and technology has spread in all over the world, the Bodos are also influenced by it.

1-11

Authors: Samiran Nandal

This article traces the literary and dramatic significance of playwright Mohit Chattopadhyay in the context of the historical development of modern Bengali theater. With reference to a number of his plays, the article aims to critically discuss the specific features of his plays and how it was shaped by socio-economic conditions. Given the realities of the established theatrical productions in Bengal, the plays by Mohit Chattopadhyay become a potent site of contestation between traditional narratives, aesthetic, and specific ideologies and agendas. There are very few parallel features that survive in the context of postcolonial Indian theatre, whose defining characteristics include a widespread interest in intercultural experimentation and political engagement. This paper would present the argument about the interplay of diverse cultural and political forces through a detailed analysis of the plays by Mohit Chattopadhyay, performed by different group theater troupes. His plays grapple with ongoing political, social, and philosophical issues and at the same time blend the contemporary with the historic, the indigenous with the foreign. The objective is to trace back the growth of his plays to the interaction of different cultures, narrative techniques and different political imperatives that shaped the modem Bengali theatre, outlining the rough contours of postcolonial India's socio-political history. Such a study will introduce to a broader audience the leading attributes of Mohit Chattopadhyay, his influential role in the resistance against traditional theater performances, and the considerable achievement of his literary and dramatic techniques.

20-26

Authors: Pirupada Malik

Rivers are an inseparable entity of nature. They represent the mobility of life. A river cannot be confined into a small area of land. Rather an area of land is often dominated by various rivers. Geographically, the history of the transformation of land in Bengal is completely ruled by rivers. Not only Bengal, but our whole country is also favoured by innumerable rivers. Many rivers flow through West Bengal and Bangladesh and those very rivers have made their room in Bengali Literature. In the era of early significant Bengali novels the rivers seemed to be the leading factor, yet they cannot be called river-centric novels. In this essay an effort has been made to highlight the variegated influence of rivers on Bengali novels from the early stage. The role of rivers in the novels of PyariChand Mitra (‘Alaler Gharer Dulal’), Bankimchandra, Kaliprasanna Singha, Mir Mosaraf Hossain, Haraprasad Sastri, Rabindranath and Saratchandra has been discussed chronologically up to 1935 since ‘Padmanadir Majhi’ (1936) is considered to be the first significant river- centric Bengali novel. In all the novels of Bankimchandra except ‘Durgesnandini’ there are references of rivers. In Tagore’s novels such as ‘Chokher Bali’, ‘Gora’, ‘Chaturanga’, ‘Noukadubi’ symbolic expression of rivers can be noted. In ‘Kanchanmala’ of Haraprasad Sastri there is vivid description of the river Sarayu. In ‘Srikanta’ (Volume–1) Saratchandra depicted the river Ganga with all its splendor of beauty.

35-43

Authors: Subrata Haldar

A concept of self-realization was remaining half past in the life of Rabindranath because we can find him with newer period and time. The thirsty human soul had been changing and modifying him by editing and composing new chapters of literature. He is exceptional soul, being ordinary a man that can be known by the hand of the mature and immature deaths of his contemporary familiar or unknown men. World famous poet, he was familiarized with the word death in his long time life (1861-1941). Nobody except him is not known as much as him about the mournful death in their live hood. Time by time he had been losing his intermitted familiar persons, such as wife, sons, friends even his only grand-son. He made console himself even though. Death is the eternal silence among us while death is rebirth in the mind, memory and creativity toward him. He represents the death in various formations in his literature but the deep – grief remains unknown towards the readers. He learns as to overcome the depression of death. According to him death is the freedom of life. It can be applied in life by losing of blood. He achieved the way of the death, hence he learns as the eternal idealism toward us with the association of soul.

48-55

Authors: Dr. Rakesh Chandra Joshi

T.S. Eliot, as a literary critic, was profoundly influenced by the symbolists after he read Arthur Symons' book The Symbolist Movement in Literature (1899), an introduction to the French literature. He himself acknowledged afterwards that it was through the study of this book that he got familiar with such great symbolists, like, Verlaine, Rimbaud, Jules Laforgue, and Tristan Corbière. He, as a poet, was influenced by Laforgue in the matter of style, content, and technique, whereas, his spirit was greatly influenced by Baudelaire. He was so much influenced by the critical abilities of Remy de Gourmont that he went to the extent of saying that “perhaps Remy de Gourmont had most of the general intelligence of Aristotle”. So, it is apparent that Eliot was profoundly influenced by the symbolists and later on, he derived most of his ideas and concepts from them, especially, from the study of Laforgue. Eliot is so much influenced by the symbolists that he derives most from them—the ideas, the characters, the situations, the moods, the phrases, and even the titles of his works. He is influenced by Laforgue’s methods, style, and viewpoints. The term ‘objective correlative’ itself has the echo of symbolism. He draws symbols from the background of literary tradition. His symbols are prosaic, poetic, grand, material, abstract, metaphysical, and spiritual. The terseness of his phrases is completely found to be in the manner of Laforgue. This paper attempts to establish that Eliot formulated the concepts of ‘objective correlative’ and ‘dissociation of sensibility’ under the influence of the French symbolists. Metaphysical Poetry also influenced his writings. The paper also reiterates that some of Eliot’s critical concepts were not original.

64-69

Authors: Smt. Tapasi Sinha

The nature and success of any democratic system largely depends upon the extent to which equal and effective participation is provided to all irrespective of gender, color, caste, religion, race, language etc. Since, women constitute nearly half of the total population their equal participation in all spheres of life including politics is very important. This is because such participation will enable them to be a part in the decision making process which, in turn, will help in their development as well as empowerment. Moreover, since politics is a game of power and power being the deciding factor in moulding relations in society, women’s role in politics and their participation is vital not only to seek solution to their problems, but also to their position in, and contribution to, society. In the recent decades though there has been growing acceptance and recognition of women’s role in politics, a total change is yet to be noticed. In India, after the independence, despite various constitutional measures the participation and representation of women in the Parliament and State Legislatures is abysmally low. This low participation is worrisome as it is against the achievement of our democratic ideals. Against the background of women’s position vis-à-vis political participation and representation, the present paper based on primary and secondary resources tries to explore the extent of political participation and representation of women in south Assam (Barak Valley) with reference to recent Assam Assembly election 2016.

1-6

Authors: Abhijit Bag

‘Barrackpore’ is a Historical place near Kolkata. There was a ‘Barrack’ established in 1772 at Barrackpore; therefore the place was known as Barrackpore according to W.W. Hunter’s A Statistical Account of Bengal, vol-1. But there is a debate regarding to the origin of the name of ‘Barrackpore’ ; it is because the same place was known as ‘Chanak’ before 1772 A.D. which we know from the work namely “Manasa Bijoy”(1495A.D.) composed by Bipradas Pipilai. There also is a doubt whether this place was named as ‘Chanak’ after the name of Job Charnock. It had been a period of total socio-political change after the establishment of Barrackpore Cantonment, here. There were a park, Zoo, Government house etc came into existence during this period. Lord Wellesley was very pleased and impressed by the natural beauty of this place. He was very enthusiastic about this cantonment; therefor he wanted to make it a good city like Calcutta. His intention were to shift all the departments of government offices to Barrackpore. This cantonment has been a strategically very sensitive area since its foundation. There were two big mutinies took place in this small city. But, both of the revolts were severely put down by the military authorities. So, unambiguously, this cantonment city was very important for the British rule in India

19-26

Authors: Arpitasree Narayan

In West BengalCooch Behar and Jalpaiguri districts are the two major places where Rajbanshi community people are residing which contributes almost 50% of total population. As rajbangshi’s contributes largest chunk of this population so their socio-economical differences between rich-poor, educated- non educated, employed- unemployed are major contributing factor for the well-being and unwell being of these two districts. All the above factors are influencing social, political, economical and cultural aspects of these two districts. In this article I am describing political participation rate of Rajbanshi community. Which is shown in few tables and described these in short. This field survey report is conducted on 210 Rajbanshi’s respondents of these two districts. Political participation can be done by different processes like direct and indirect, whereas direct political participation of Rajbanshi Community is lesser than other community in this area, where as it is not that they are not politically properly aware. Rajbanshi’s have their own political organisations which protects them from any kind of threats, demands for them and also rises voice for them if necessary. Because of this reason main streampolitical participation gets affected to some extent. But recently literacy and awareness has increased, so that socio-economic status is increasing simultaneously. So Political participation also increasing, which are the main indicators of future growth prospect of this community.

35-41

Authors: Dr. Barnali Deka

Education is the most important means for an individual through which he or she can develop his/her personality and can live a dignified life. In a developing society, formal education becomes a fundamental prerequisite for improving a person’s status. Now education is recognized as a Human Right. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Article 26 states that “Everybody has the right to education, hence the right accuses to all individuals, although children are understood as main beneficiary”. The fact is that it is the birth right of every man and woman and the state is required to ensure it to the citizens. Recognition of right to education provides the opportunity for a child in building the capacity of self sustenance in his/her life. It also helps children to know their rights and gain confidence in their claim for enhancing status in society. Although international and national legal laws have been formulated to make education as a right for all but the task of making right to education available for all children along with ensuring quality education has been proved to be a difficult one due to various problems. In this paper an attempt has been made to study about the realization of Education for All (EFA) goals in terms of access and enrolment in Darrang district of Assam.

50-56

Authors: Krishnendu Malakar

The auditor of a company has statutory rights and duties under Companies Act. The auditor of a statutory organization may also have specific statutory duties under the Act governing such organization. But the auditor of a sole proprietorship business or firm or the auditor of any other non-statutory organization does not have such specific statutory rights and duties. This Article discusses in detail Provisions of the companies Act 2013 relating to rights and duties of a company auditor. New section 143 provides for powers and duties of auditors. This section is similar to existing section 227.

67-73

Authors: Navin Prasad

The introduction of digital technology into the process of production, distribution and storage of information has made the libraries to go digital. Libraries all around the globe have responded to various challenges posed by the preservation of digital information and have encountered the technical, organizational, resource and legal issues associated with it. Although, the libraries have been experimenting with various preservation strategies such as technology preservation, emulation, migration etc., the need for a technologically feasible, financially affordable and widely acceptable strategy for preservation is still there. The paper discusses various issues and challenges associated with digital preservation and examine different strategies of digital preservation. The paper highlights initiatives undertaken at international level to develop workable approaches and best-practice preservation strategies for digital resources in libraries.

80-86

Authors: Mrs. Joynab Khatun

Islamic educations have played a vital role in building and shaping the fate of Muslim from the very inception of the Islam. Islamic educations not only fulfill the religious needs of Muslims, but also providing a great contribution to the field of knowledge and art and try to make them complete human beings from every side. Islamic educations are imparted through Moktabs, different types of Madrassas, Khankas, Jamias, Religious Assembles, Tablik Jamat etc. These institutions imparted instruction not only in the field of theology but also in other disciplines such as Logic, Astronomy, Astrology and Medicines etc. These institutions are also providing relevant and appropriate form of education to Muslim girls with more culturally. Therefore, Islamic institutions fulfill both religious and secular needs and taught what is necessary for secular as well as religious life. A Muslim girl educated in girls Madrassa as religious specialists become to play an important role in social reform and in improving the conditions of her family. The present paper is attempted to highlight the Islamic education in India with especial reference to the Indian women sector.

1-5

Authors: Kalyan Banerjee

This Short discourse is an attempt to highlight the ideology of Universal Religion according to Swami Vivekananda. He believes in Culture, Service, Humanism and Love. To him religion means Universal Religion (Biswajanin Dharma), It is not like Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Jainism, Buddhism etc. According to him Religion should be based on Humanity and Love, and also free from any types of superstitions. In Ordinary sense religion is a ritual. Vivekananda tries to overcome this ordinary sense and upholds religion as a Culture of Service, Humanity and Love. Universal Religion cannot be limited by any religious dogmatism. In this short article I have focused Universal Religion in the light of Vivekanandas Philosophy.

15-19

Authors: Sujit Kr. Mondal

To Iqbal Satta means ego. Ego is a continuous flow of work. There is no possibility of discontinuity in ego. Radhakrishnan also pointed out two sides of a man: one is the finite side and other is the infinite side. Self-conciousness is one side of spirituality. Man is bounded by this self-conciousness. This self-conciousness determines the future of man. Man’s real character comes out from the self-conciousness. In this paper I will discuss the views, thoughts, opinions and remarks of Iqbal and Radhakrishnan on Man.

30-37

Authors: Mamoni Mahato

Wander- thirst Rabindranath has peregrinated in many parts of country and abroad and recorded vividly on that background of the picture of social, political, economical, educational, cultural and geographical. He has realized everything through his own aspect and this dynamism of thought has become unforgettable part of travelogues. He visited Russia with the hope of understanding in his deep insight the accurate aspect of after- revolution atmosphere of Russia. Apart from depicting social, political, economical, cultural and educational aspect of Russia he has heaped praise of Russia. He has attempted to find out the resemblance between Russia and India on education society, polities, economies and culture. By comparing, he has found out only discriminations. Standing on the social background of Russia and observing the life- style of people, he has depicted in the core of his heart the future transformation of India. The selfless and philanthropic nature of Russian’s easily admit every one’s right to education and are always ready to sacrifice for the welfare of the country and its people. Here lies the great ideal of patriotism which gives Russia the status of superiority than any other European countries. The overall thought of this country is distributed equally among the different section of people. As a result, the Russian people bore the responsibility of favorable or unfavorable of everything. Rabindranath Tagore admits Russia as a land of sacredness and considers his visit to Russia has given him a great ideal of education. Adopting scientific technology and improving agriculture in widespread, Russia has started agriculture in superior method which has strengthened more to the foundation of Russian economy. The agricultural development also flourishes due to the uniformal agricultural system. Being a shrewd person with the noticing of good aspect, Rabindranath’s eyes did not escape some defects. He said on the defects in the education system of Russia that –this education system is cast paved education system which will be destroyed if there is any difference between theory of mind and theory of learning, then Russia will not be able to reach its pinnacle .Rabindranath has depicted before us a vivid picture of social structure of Russia including perfection and imperfection and he has expressed his idea about Russia comparing the similarity and dissimilarity of India.

45-54

Authors: Dr. Thamarai Selvi

The Last of the Mohicans, was widely considered Cooper’s best work, was an implausible story narrated in a fashion that could seem overwrought to modern readers. Cooper’s work remained important for its portrait of frontier life and its exploration of the traumatic encounters between races and cultures poised on opposite sides of a shrinking frontier. Written in 1826, The Last of the Mohicans took place in 1757 during the French and Indian War, when France and England battled for control of the American and Canadian colonies. During this war, the French often allied themselves with Native American tribes in order to gain an advantage over the English, with unpredictable and often tragic results. Descriptions of certain incidents, such as the massacre of the English soldiers by Huron Indians, embellish accounts of real historical events. Additionally, certain characters in the novel, General Montcalm in particular, were based on real individuals. Creating historically inspired stories was common in nineteenth-century adventure tales. The Mohicans were the possessors of the country first occupied by the Europeans in this portion of the continent. They were, consequently, the first dispossessed; and the seemingly inevitable fate of all these people, who disappeared before the advances, or it might be termed the inroads, of civilization, as the verdure of their native forests fell before the nipping frosts, was represented as having already befallen them. There was sufficient historical truth in the picture to justify the use that had been made of it.

65-79

Authors: Mudassar Hussain Shah, Muhammad Yaqoub, Saima Kausar, Ashok Kumar

This paper exmines the Mass Media performance during the flash floods in Pakistan and evaluate the perception of the efectees of two Districs of Punjab, Chiniot and Jhang, Pakistan. The research is designed to identify and analyse the mode of media for floods warning alerts, guage media performance and investigate the public perception regarding media before and after catastrophe and explore the level of satisfaction regarding media coverage after the devastation of flood for human life and assets, focusing on television, radio, internet, Facebook, mobile phone and newspapers as main sources of information for flood hit Districts. For this purpose, convenience random sample of 600 respodents with equal division from each District is carried out. The finding reveals that overall mass media performance is considered significant during flash floods 2014 in Pakistan. In addition, people not only accessed and used various mediums but also perceived television more informative as compared to other sources of mass media. Hence, this study will pave the way to extend the research in future regarding the role and performance of media in disastrous situation. The study has the implication for the floods relief and disaster management activities, donor agencies (i.e. UN, USAID) and policy making at the level of national and supranational.

86-92

Authors: Mrs. Joynab Khatun

The contributions of Islamic education towards the Indian literature and language are seen in different aspects. The Arabic language by virtue of its huge words stock has made an access to Indian literature and thereby it has enriched the standard of Indian languages. This kind of literary as well as linguistic contribution of Arabic has brought forth a new era to the Indian literature. The last not the least, contribution of Arabic language and literature to the Indian society is the cultural progress which has caused a great change to the cultural aspect of Indian people. A deep study reveals that the contribution of the Islamic Institutions such as Moktabs, different types of Madrasas, Jamiyas, Khankas, and Religious Assemblies etc. since their origin in India, have produced learned people, intellectuals, artists and scientists over the time. An account of the development of Islamic education in Maktabs and Madrasas in India since the 13th century has influenced non-Muslims by different generations and still exists. Islamic education from Islamic Institutions is produced many scholars and learned men, not in theology but in other subjects as well. The products of Islamic education influenced the culture, language as well contributing in Islamic sciences, social sciences and literature, art and architecture, language and literature, culture and civilization, history and archaeology, music and musicology etc. The present paper is attempted to highlight the glorious contributions of Islamic education to the Indian Literature and language.

100-106

Authors: Dr. Sudarshana Baruah

The songs of Durgavari Ramayana is known as Durgavari Ojapali music of Assam. The song composed by the poet Durgavar Kayastha is performed in Durgavari Ojapali. However, this tradition is on the verge of extinction. Certain compositions of this Ojapali form have been found in a place called Hajo, Assam, where an evidence of the last chorus of this singing form was found. The book "Durgavar Ramayana'' is a lyrical poetry composed by Durgavar, and is generally known as ‘Durgavari’. Several poets called it ‘Lyrical Ramayana’ because the Durgavar rendered the Ramayana into the form of songs. Durgavari Ojapali is the epic based performing arts follows the margi or classical style of performance. There are certain Ragas like Rag Dhanashree in Ojapali which has very similar notes to the Hindustani classical Raga Dhanashree.

1-9

Authors: Abhijit Bag

‘Chakma’, a Mongoloid Buddhist tribe who were residing to North- Eastern states of undivided India. There were some small tribe groups. Chakmas were the one of the two biggest tribe communities among them who were dominating this C.H.T (Chittagong Hill Tracts) region. The area was once under controlled by British rulers of India. But the CHT is a integral part of Bangladesh now. The CHT was declared as a “Fully Excluded Area” by the act of 1935 by the British Indian rulers. India got its independence from British rule on the fifteen day of August, 1947 and then the CHT was included into Pakistani territory. But the same CHT region was again included into Bangladesh in 1971, when it had got independence from Pakistani regime. But the problem is, after the several decades, the Chakmas have been remained stateless, they are refused to get citizenship by any sovereign states irrespective of Pakistan, Bangladesh, or even India. Though chakmas should have been granted citizenship by India and Bangladesh also, but it is regret to say that nothing has been made in favour of chakmas to live prestigiously in Bangladesh and even in India. Key words: Chakma community, C.H.T area, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Arunachal Pradesh, India, stateless.

29-36

Authors: Dr. Sudha.S.R

Good health is one of the basic human needs and worldwide recognized goal for faster socio-economic development. Health is an important aspect of human life, at present it has also become an important aspect of any nation’s public services and planning. Every country, whether developed or developing nation has its own policy or public healthcare delivery system. Health is determined not only by medical care but also by determinants outside the medical sector. Public health approach is to deal with all these determinants of health there have been major improvements in public health since 1950s, India is passing through demographic and environmental transition which is adding to burden of diseases. There is triple burden of diseases, viz. communicable, non-communicable and emerging infectious diseases. This high burden of disease, disability and death can only be addressed through an effective public health system. However, the growth of public health in India has been very slow due to low public expenditure on health. Health care. out-of-pocket expenditure dominates the cost financing health care, the effects are bound to be regressive. Indian Government has introduced many health programmes for the development of health sector but the Country is still facing various health issues and health problems. As the world’s largest democracy and the second most populous country in the world, India has experienced sea change since its independence in various facets of development. However as per public health is concerned, 22% of our population is malnourished, 48% of our nation’s children are stunted (UNICEF report) and which is already responsible for the two-third morbidity burden. Adding to existing glaring difference in access and equity to people, the ratio of beds in hospitals available to population in rural areas is lower than that for urban areas. The ratio of doctors to population in rural areas lower than that in the urban population. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze the Status and Challenges of public health in India.

45-63

Authors: Okechukwu S. Amadi, Inyikalum Daniel B.

Necessitating this research paper had been the discovery that the Niger Delta militants’ disposition against the Federal government of Nigeria and the oil firms coupled with international pressures, compelled the Federal Government to grant amnesty to the Niger Delta Militants. The amnesty deal was a desperate effort by the Nigerian State to end the Niger Delta crisis, and thereby restore some dignity and pride to itself. Given this background, the research paper investigates the nature and character of the amnesty deal and examines the rationale behind it. The objective of this paper also, is the establishment of the relationship between amnesty and political stability, to determine whether amnesty is a better option for the resolution of conflict such as the Niger Delta conflict than force and litigation, it critically examines the impact of the amnesty program on the socio-economic growth of the region especially in Rivers State, it further systematically and objectively investigates the degree and conditions of acceptance of the amnesty program in the Niger Delta region and importantly profer solutions that can help sustain and strengthen the amnesty programme in order for peace to reign specifically in the Niger Delta Region and by extension Nigeria.

70-77

Authors: Navin Prasad

The Public libraries have recognized their role to satisfy information needs of all types of people in the society. The government at the state level and National level has taken initiatives to make public libraries as important source of information’s for people formal walks of life. The National mission on libraries setup by ministry of culture has provided recommendations for development of libraries and information centers to make public libraries equipped with information. This article describes the development of the public library system in india, several exercises in its evaluation during the mid-1990s, and the current direction of its planning. After outlining the system, it concentrates on the public library system in india.Quantitative and qualitative Survey data portray the demographics of library clientele, their information needs, their rating of library materials, facilities and personnel, and the relationship between their evaluations and the preliminary stages of automation. Analysis focuses on issues of age, gender and the rural-urban divide in determining the future planning of the system. This paper provides a descriptive account of the development, growth and the present scenario of the public library system and services in India. Moreover, the changes, happened during the period of time are also taken in to the consideration in this paper.