International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies (IRJIMS)

11-18

Authors: স্বরূপ দে

Art is the mirror of society. Literature embodies is hope and aspiration, thought and ideas, imagination and mental conflict of men. And in this regard folk literature is relevant one as it is situated on the core of the society’s backbone. Folk literature which is the separable part of the folk culture introduces us about man’s conceptual ideas, his innovative strength of mental creativity. The district Paschim Medinipur is the ultimate source/delivery room of folk culture or that of folk culture. The flow of folk literature in different regions of the district is coloured by the conscience colour of the people, and is glowed by their cultural features the man of modern thinking express their thoughts and imaginations through the written conventional literature and the ancient verbal folk literature. Surpassing the medieval tradition remains relevant even today. The widely used folk verses, folk puzzles, idioms went through continuous evaluation and even in 21st century these exist with strong potentiality among men. Here we find plenty of child-rhymes, the rhymes based on women, on nature and on birds and animals. Regarding the usages of idioms the people of Paschim Medinipur bear the testimony of ancient cultural heritage and past experiences. As the idioms highlight the experiences of society, the joys and sorrows, the happiness and sufferings of men which are taken from the hook and corner of society becomes the thing of the idioms. The puzzles/illusions used by them, not only bear the artistic merits and humorous points but also they highlight creative intelligence and innovative thinking. In brief, the various genres of folk literature i.e. verse; puzzle, idioms etc. are replete with variations in the district. Moreover, we find here abundance existence of folk song, folk tale, and folk drama which are unique in theme and style. As a result, folk literature though exists unprotected as a pulse of rural society, carries that cultural tradition and ancient heritages of the country or nation with their noble forms from ages and forever.

26-32

Authors: সঞ্জীবন মহলদার

The Partition of British India in August 1947 resulted in the largest migration movement in contemporary history. The Bengal Partition witnessed protracted migration of Hindus and Muslim minorities engendered by routine small-scale violence. But communal violence was not only the sole reason for Muslims to migrate from India to East Pakistan but also complicated economic and regional identities play a pivotal role. They had been given the ‘option’ by the Colonial government to choose whether they would continue work in Pakistan or in India. East Pakistan allowed the migrant to retain their old job. They gained there a more integrated social network as well as reduced competition, which allowed quicker job promotion. Temporary Muslim migrants who lived on one side of the border made use of the loose border security to move to the other side during harvest season or for the trade purposes. More importantly, the Bengali, Bihari and other regional identities further explain how Hindu-Muslim relation in Bengal were different from Punjab, because there was less violence in Bengal. An important aspect of the Bengali identity is that of Bengali nationalism, found their home land in Khulna, Jessore, Kusthia of East Pakistan. All districts were adjacent to the border. From Bengali literature we came to know that middle and lower class muslim migrants were too happy to get rid of the Hindu Zaminder but opposite scenario were also presented by many literary sources. We should note that the Left Politics in Bengal protested about the discussion of migration on the basis of their concept of communalism. Keywords: Partition, Muslim, Migration, Communalism, Border

44-48

Authors: সোমনাথ হাজরা

Constructivism is now most scientific and widely accepted concept of learning. The concept is not new in the process of teaching –learning. We can successfully found the concept of learning in the educational thought of swami Vivekananda. Swamiji laid enough faith upon the man and proves that the process of education is the development of inner potentiality. The Behaviorist approach does not recognizes the process as a significant process of learning. But Insightful Learning Theory first encompasses the mental process behind the learning and with this the Cognitive approach establishes the Concept of mental activities behind learning. Finally with the help of cognitivists and constructivists the approach I.e., constructivism flourishes. Constructivism has also faith on the children and enhances the numerous possibilities of children based on their experiences. In the theory of constructivism children construct their own world based on their own understanding and knowledge. NCF2005 build their curriculum and classroom practices upon constructivism. The modern classroom helps a child to express his experience and thought fearlessly and frankly. The faults and follies will be corrected or replaced by his teachers or peers in a democratic way. Successful constructivist learning practices of two major curricular areas i.e., Language and Social Science has also been lighted by the author in this paper. The paper aims to discuss the constructivist approach of learning in the light of NCF2005 establishing the relationship between constructivist approach of learning and educational thought of swami Vivekananda. Keywords: Constructivism, Experience, Enquiry, Organizing, Construction.

58-64

Authors: Ratna Paul

After the discovery of the tea plant in Assam in 1823 by Robert Bruce, the East India Company took interest in tea plantation in India. Before that they had monopoly in China tea trade. With the monopoly removed, the Company took interest in tea cultivation in Assam, Darjeeling hills, Terai, Duars and other favourable parts of India. The European planters, particularly the British had played a definite role in the foundation of tea estates in Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts and commercial tea plantation was introduced by them. Though they were helped by the ruling government, they had to face tremendous challenges due to the absence of modern conveniences in these areas. But they overcome all these difficulties and succeeded in their venture by their enthusiasm and optimism. Development of modern Darjeeling and Duars is partially attributed to these early European tea planters. Key Words- Tea estates, European planters, Darjeeling, Duars, Contribution, Influence .

75-79

Authors: K. M. Atikur Rahman and Sankar Chandra Debnath

The research work is an explanatory type of basic study mainly focuses the adverse impact of agrochemicals using in farmlands in Bangladesh. Presently the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been a dangerous issue to agricultural production, soil and health. Bangladeshi poor and untrained farmers apply the agrochemicals massively for getting rapid and huge returns from their shared lands causing incurable risks for the ecosystem and human health. Policy and governance setbacks expedite the problems manifolds as both the central policy makers and field administration is concerned hardly with the problems, but they are greatly busy with showing the agricultural growth. The paper is made in qualitative approach which has been conducted by the secondary data. The data sources include academic books, journal articles, organizational records, encyclopedia; media reports, national archives, etc. Bangladesh like developing countries is induced by the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. There are a good number of international and national laws but they are actually inactive due to the interests of economic (agricultural) growth. Hence poor governance, poverty, illiteracy, corruption and unawareness are the root causes of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It is suggested that international and local governance process has to be efficient through establishing the policy implementation for global sustainable development. Keywords: Indiscriminate use, Chemical fertilizers, Pesticides, Poor farmers, Environmental risks, Diseases.

85-93

Authors: Pratisha Padmasri Deka

Generally, parents and students appreciate the importance and value of homework. Homework, when used appropriately, can reinforce students’ learning, contribute to their progress and cultivate a healthy disposition towards learning. However, the appropriate amount of homework has to be carefully calibrated. Children have varying learning interest and pace of learning, and may take different amount of time to complete the same piece of work. Nevertheless, students and teachers have found homework to be a useful feedback mechanism to check whether students have mastered concepts and skills, and are able to apply them to different contexts. The school holidays provide a good opportunity for students to consolidate their learning and work on areas which they are weaker in. Some amount of revision and consolidation of learning during the school holidays can help students to be better prepared for the next stage of learning when the new school term starts. But too much of homework may hamper the free activities during holidays, students may get stressed and limit students opportunity to spend time with family. Through this paper an effort has been made to study need and necessity of homework during holidays from students` perspective based on the data gathered through descriptive survey method and observation method among the students of Guwahati city, Assam. Keywords- Homework, Holidays, Need, Desirability, Students` perspective.

99-105

Authors: Koushik Mondal

Curriculum is the main determiner of the teaching learning process. Aim of any curriculum is making of human resource through fruitful transaction. The main objectives of the researcher are to find out the trend of the geography syllabus, evaluation system, and transaction process and its social relevance. The researcher has taken the geography syllabus of the higher secondary stage, has conducted semi structured interview with the experts to collect data. Various tools are used to collect data like-questionnaire, interview, and non-participatory observation. After collection, the data is analysed with various qualitative data analyse procedure. The researcher used content analysis, method of induction, method of deduction for data analysis and interpretation. After an elaborate analysis of the data, the researcher found that the present higher secondary syllabus is more utility based; and the paradigm of geography has been shifted from encyclopaedism to present positivism, pragmatism, and quantitative approach. Evaluation system has changed its rigidity and has become more flexible. In past traditional question pattern was followed, but now unit pattern is followed. It is also found that the knowledge of science is helping students to understand geography better. In case of transaction procedure it is also found that is not significant difference between present (2014) and past (2006, 2007).It is also found that geography helps students and people to concuss about society and environment. At present geography syllabus is directly related with the higher education. So, it can clearly conclude that present geography curriculum is too important and relevant for the present time.

113-118

Authors: Sri Debsena Garai

The paper is going to analyse the term globalization, its uses and impact in contemporary society through the evolution and transformation. You may not be interested in globalization, but globalization is interested in you. In the middle of the 1970s the term ‘Globalization’ had yet to be coined by an American Bank in their advertisement of credit card namely “American Express” and the term did not make its way into the English and German dictionary until well into the 1990s. The term globalization was probably first used as a book title in the Albrow and King edited book (1990) which was published drawing on the essays published in various issues of International Sociology the journal of International Sociological Association (1986-1990). In the year of 1990, Prof. Ronald Robertson, a sociologist at the University of Pittsburgh, introduced this concept to the Western Social Scientific Discourse. Globalization is often-discussed but seldom-defined phenomenon. At a broad level, globalization is an increase in the impact on human activities of forces that span national boundaries. These activities can be economic, social, cultural, political, technological, or even biological, as in the case of disease. Additionally, all of these realms can interact. The concept of Globalization has become widely used in debates of Politics, Business and Media over recent year. Thirty years ago, the term globalization was relatively unknown, but today it seems to be on the tip of everyone’s tongue. Globalization refers to the fact that we all increasingly live in a world, so that individuals, groups and nations become more inter-dependent. It has an enormous impact on the social sciences, including Sociology. Indeed there is hardly a sociological topic that has not been influenced by the emerging global frame of reference. For this reason, it is not possible to cover the impact of Globalization on Sociology in this single paper. The term “global” is an indicator of change. In the 1960s, this came to be used to mean “belonging to the world” or “worldwide”. Globalization offers a new opportunity for knowledge dissemination, but this does not mean that all the nations and institutions will equally benefit from it. Keywords: Globalization, Contemporary Society, Evolution, Impact, Global.

126-136

Authors: Sukumar Mondal and Saroj Mondal

Today’s world information is going to be a digital information .To achieves Digital content needs to follow some specific procedure which are discussed in this paper. This paper deals with digital content development process in four university library. For this purpose four university libraries in the west Bengal are surveyed. The finding of this study is major university library scanning the document through scanner and processing the scanned image through OCR software, such as ABBY Fine reader. Key word: Digital Content, Digital Content development, Digital content development software, digital resources of university library, Scanning, OCR.