The Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal

1-8

Authors: Luigi Russo, BrunaGrilli, Monica Gelzo, Antonio Avallone, Antonio Dello Russo, Gaetano Corso, Ernesta Cavalcanti

A sensitive and specific LC-UV method for the analysis of 5-Fluorouracil in human plasma has been developed and validated. 5-Fluorouracil was extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid method and separated on C18 reverse phase column using an elution gradient with a total run time of 11 min and detected by UV at 275 nm. For quantitative analysis of 5-Fluorouracil, 5-Bromouracil was used as internal standard. Calibration curve ranging from 9ng/mL to 2400ng/mL was obtained by enriching blank plasma pool with standard solution of 5-Fluorouracil. Within-day and between-day imprecision, as CV, ranged from 0.6% to 3.3% and from 4.4% to 13.6%, respectively. The extraction method is able to recover on average 96.8% of 5-Fluorouracil from plasma. Finally, plasma levelsof 5-Fluorouracilweredetermined in 10patients treated with 5-Fluorouracil. Results from calibration curves, quality controls and patient samples reveal that the method is suitable to analyze plasma 5-Fluorouracilfor therapeutic drug monitoring of treated patients.

20-27

Authors: Shehzad Azam, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Muhammad Shahzaman, Fozia Aslam, Mehwish Maqbool

Zea maize L (corn) is prevalent and agronomic crop being ubiquitously cultivated in many areas of Tehsil Samahni of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan), This is serving as staple food for mountainous communities of the area. The corn crop is being damaged due to many biotic and abiotic parameters. Fungal attack culminating into different severe diseases is very frequent. In this research prevalence and occurrence of foliar mycoflora was investigated and its impact on plant growth (morphology) and yield (grains) was studied. Sporadic sampling was conducted using Randomized complete block design (RCBD) technique from 15 different sites (fields of local farmers). The analysis depicted that leaf was prominent part of plant, being machinery of photosynthesis which was infected by different fugal biodiversity causing northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) and southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) mostly. The field data analysis by sophisticated softwares depicted that SCLB was the most prevalent disease in the area with 50% occurrence, followed by NCLB with 35.71 %. The results showed that both mycofloral diseases were more common on shady and moist places of Chowki, Bindi and Dab (near streams and mountains’ shadow) experimental sites. The explored findings on incidence were behaving variation of occurrence with altitude, temperature, soil type and moisture. The fresh and dry biomass was found in more in high and wet climate zones of study than dry belts. The quantity and quality of grain was also hampered due to common occurrence of different fungal diseases on leaf which is major synthetic machinery.

33-38

Authors: Pandurangan M. K., Murugesan S., Gajivaradhan P., Shettu N.

The aim of the present study is to detect the presence of palm oil and rice bran oil in virgin groundnut oil by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model. The oil samples were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy. They were classified as virgin groundnut oil, and two types of adulterated edible oil samples, such as palm oil and rice bran oil in different proportions (i.e.5, 10 and 15%). On the basis of cross validation procedure, the best models were selected and were further used for blend samples for prediction. The results obtained show that the models clearly separate different groups and classify correctly the virgin groundnut oil from the palm and rice bran oils. Moreover a reasonable discrimination between both mixtures and virgin oil was achieved.

47-56

Authors: Renu Kalyanwat, Birendra Shrivastava, Kamla Pathak

The purpose of the present research was to formulate ocular inserts of norfloxacin along with bioadhesive polymers to sustain drug release and assess its antimicrobial potential against E. coli, in vitro. Ocular inserts of norfloxacin were prepared by film casting method using bioadhesive polymers HPMC/ SCMC/ sodium alginate/ chitosan/carbopol 934 and PVP K30 as film forming polymer. The formulated bioadhesive norfloxacin ocular inserts were screened for various pharmacotechnical parameters and in vitro drug release. The optimized formulation was subjected to HET CAM test and antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli. Of the screened formulations, maximum bioadhesive strength (36.5 ± 0.10 x 10-3 dynes/cm2) was observed for chitosan based ocular insert. Kinetic modeling of the in vitro drug release data revealed matrix based release was governed by both diffusion and swelling phenomena. Ocular insert consisting formulated with chitosan was found promising, as it showed acceptable pH, good bioadhesive strength, sustained drug release (98.33% at 6 h) and active against selected microorganism.

79-84

Authors: G.S. Suhartati Djarkasi, Lana Lalujan, Erny J. N. Nurali, Thelma J. D. Tuju, Dekie Rawung, Maria F. Sumual

Kenari (Canarium indicum L) belongs to Burseraceae family and grows abundantly in Indonesia especially in Eastern Indonesia. The kernel is often called kenari nut. The nut contains high amount of lipid and various chemical substances, such as protein, phenolic compound, and tocopherol. The chemical composition is affected by some factors, especially area of origin. The objective of this study was to determine chemical composition and antioxidant properties of kenari nut grown in Sangihe, Minahasa, and Maluku. The results showed that the highest component of kenari nut is lipids, which account for 66.27 %, 65.93%, and 66,59 % of the nut from Sangihe, Minahasa, and Maluku respectively. The dominant fatty acid were oleic, palmitic, stearic, and linoleic. The second compound of kenari nut is protein which accounted for 14.20 %, 13.49%, and 13.38 % of nut from Sangihe, Minahasa, and Maluku respectively. The dominant amino acids were glutamate, leucine, arginine, and aspartate. Glutamate content of nut from Sangihe, Minahasa, and Maluku were 30.11%, 25.30 %, and 25.43%, respectively. In addition to those major compounds, the nut also contained of antioxidant substances, i.e. phenolic compound and tocopherol. Antioxidative activities based on the DPPH values, were 61.3%, 60.2%, and 53.2 % for nut from Sangihe, Minahasa, and Maluku, respectively. Therefore, kenari nut may be used as functional food.

91-101

Authors: Şule Bahçeci, Nuri Yıldırım, Muzaffer Alkan, Özlem Gürsoy-Kol, Sevda Manap, Murat Beytur, Haydar Yüksek

Some novel 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-(3-acetoxy-4-methoxybenzylidenamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (4a-h) were synthesized from the rections of 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (2a-h) with 3-acetoxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (3). The new eight compounds were characterized using by elemental analyses and IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and UV spectral data. In addition, the synthesized compounds were analyzed for their in vitro potential antioxidant activities in three different methods. Antibacterial activity of the compounds 4a-h were also evaluated aginst six bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Moreover, 4 type compounds were titrated potentiometrically with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in four non-aqueous solvents such as isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide and the half-neutralization potential values and the corresponding pKa values were determined for all cases.

109-114

Authors: BICH-TRAM TRUONG-LE

This study is aimed at developing novel, inexpensive hydrogels for containing drug and with the potential for targeting cancer cells in vitro. In this work, Folic acid has been conjugated with α-Cyclodextrin and then used as a building block for constructing novel supramolecular hydrogels together with Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether in aqueous solutions. Resultant hydrogel materials have been investigated with respect to their controlled release characteristics for the encapsulated drug Doxorubicin hydrochloride and biological activity was also studied for this supramolecular hydrogels.

123-128

Authors: Adeiza S. Shuaibu, Abdulmalik B. Shuaibu

Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise and efforts are consequently being strengthened towards the search and improvement of sturdier antimicrobial agents with expectant safety and efficacy. This study was conducted to determine the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) extracts obtained from a market in Sokoto state Nigeria on some clinical isolates. The efficiency of cold water, hot water and ethanol extracts on Salmonella Sp and Escherichia coli were evaluated by disc diffusion technique. Ethanolic extracts of V. amygdalina had higher inhibitory zones on the. Analysis of the phytonutrients revealed the presence of bioactive constituents. The tested bacterial isolates were susceptible to extract all extracts of the plant. This work confirmed that the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina contain bioactive compounds and its antimicrobial activity supports the traditional use of the extractant in diseases management.