INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering

19-28

Authors: Smirnov, P.A.; Makushev, A.E.; Kazakov, Y. F.; Medvedev, V.I.; Vasilyev, A.O.; Andreev, R.V. ;

Based on experimental research, a method of comparing areas of compaction by tractor running gears in field conditions and in hop garden row spacing was suggested. Zones of inefficient and intensive use of hop garden row spacing area were determined. Also, a solution to the row spacing zone optimization problem was given. The results of experimental research on soil density in case of compaction by track and wheel tractors were presented.

37-44

Authors: Ivanov, M.I.; Rutkevych, V.S.; Kolisnyk, O.M.; Lisovoy, I.O.;

The article focuses on solving the problem of reducing the energy intensity of the separating ensilage fodder process from trench silo with the block-portion method by developing and substantiating the parameters and operating modes of the hydraulic drives system of the block-portion separator. This allows adjusting the operating modes of the cutting mechanism drive and the vertical feed drive of the П-shaped frame. The system allows adjusting the feed of the П-shaped frame in accordance with the change in the cutting effort that makes an effect on the cutting mechanism. As a result, we get stabilization of energy consumption in the process of separating an ensilage fodder block portion if the parameters that determine the cutting process characteristics fluctuate. It was proven that the expansion of the actuating hydro-motors speed adjustment range and, accordingly, the hydraulic drive system responsiveness increase is possible by the appropriate choice of the slide valve parameters. The most effective of the speed range adjustment expansion of the cutting mechanism hydraulic motor and the hydraulic cylinder of the П-shaped frame drive is provided by reducing the width of the slide valve working edges. The influence of the hydraulic system parameters of the ensilage fodder block-portion separator on the speed adjustment range of the operating elements has been studied. The hydraulic drives system parameters which have the greatest influence on the expansion of the hydraulic drives operating modes adjustment range were established. This allows increasing the responsiveness and efficiency of the proposed block-portion separator of ensilage fodder hydraulic drives system by identifying the rational values of these parameters. Recommendations on the design parameters choice are given.

55-62

Authors: Arsenoaia, V.N.; Vlăduț, V.; Țenu, I.; Voicea, I.; Moiceanu, G.; Cârlescu, P.M.;

The artificial drying of grain seeds is widespread to ensure that they are preserved, as reducing the water content allows products to be stored for long periods of time without the need for complex storage facilities. The proposed drying installation is a low-capacity pilot one, which can change and monitor in real time a series of important parameters of the drying process. By means of the CFD simulation the construction of the cylindrical box and of the deflectors was optimized. This leads to reaching a uniform drying and to reducing the energy consumptions.

71-80

Authors: Lv, X.L.; Hu, Z.L.; Wang, S.Y.; Yu, Z.Y.;

For the caused harvesting loss problem by inaccurate alignment of the semi-feeding peanut harvester, an automatic alignment system on the control core of the single chip microcomputer μPD78F0525 was designed. The system adopts a four-bar detection mechanism to transmit the offset to the controller through the sensor and to adjust the excavator in time. On this basis, a peanut automatic alignment test device is developed, which is composed of conveying platform, ridge ditch, hydraulic execution system, signal detection mechanism, signal processing and control system, etc. The influence effect of the main factors of the system is tested through the test bench. The results show: the reaction time increases with the increase of spring preload and deviation distance, gradually decreases and tends to remain unchanged with the increase of forward speed, and first decreases and then increases with the increase of hydraulic flow. The unqualified rate first decreases and then increases with the increase of spring preload, gradually increases with the increase of forward speed and deviation distance, and gradually decreases with the increase of hydraulic flow. The effectiveness and stability of the automatic alignment system can meet the operation requirements. It effectively solved the problem of automatic alignment of the semi-feeding peanut harvester and provided a technical reference for the research and development of the automatic alignment system for harvesting the fruits under the soil.

91-102

Authors: Cârdei, P.; Nedelcu, A.; Ciuperca, R.;

The paper presents an example of a mathematical model for algal cultures. The model presented is based on an elementary growth equation (more generally, evolution or dynamic, because it includes the phenomenon of decreasing population), represented by a first-order differential equation, over which are grafted (according to the influence parameters model, for example used for the USLE modelling of soil erosion is used), as factors of influence, the parameters that influence the evolution of the algae. We have given some examples of simulation of algal evolution processes and the possible applications, advantages and disadvantages of the model are suggested. References are made and conclusions are drawn on the extremely important role played by experiments both in the construction and in the validation of the mathematical models of the living systems (bio-systems) evolution phenomena. The model is easy to transfer and generalize to crop plants, as well as other bio-systems.

115-122

Authors: Szalay, K.; Keller, B.; Kovács, L.; Rák, R.; Peterfalvi, N.; Sillinger, F.; Golub, G.; Kukharets, S.; Souček, J.; Jung, A.

One of the biggest challenges of raspberry production in Hungary nowadays is the reduction of unfavourable effect of climate changes. The maturation phase of main varieties within the Carpathian Basin falls in a period of extremely high temperature - reaching, or even exceeding, 35-40 °C - and atmospheric drought. This detains the desirable fruit growth. In order to restore or even save the domestic raspberry production and market, introduction of greenhouse or polytunnel solutions is needed. Experimental plantations of three different raspberry varieties were set in two repetitions: covered and uncovered versions. Each cover has characteristic light reflection /absorption/ transmission which should generate devious environmental conditions and also different plant growth. Besides the monitoring of elementary biological indicators a wide range of sensors (temperature, humidity, solar irradiation, spectroradiometer) were used to quantify the difference between cover materials to find the optimal tunnel material for maximal plant productivity.

135-140

Authors: Vasylkovska, K.V.; Vasylkovskyi, O.M.; Sviren, M.O.; Petrenko, D.I.; Moroz, M.M.

The quality of seed dosage to the furrow depends on the uniformity of seeds location on the seed disk. A new design of a seeding machine which provides better sowing was suggested at the Department of Agricultural Machinery of Central Ukrainian National Technical University. The main feature of the new seeding machine is the application of the seed disk with a peripheral arrangement of cells with the blades on its inner surface. The blades are used for the forced seizure of the seeds by the disk in the working chamber and their further transportation to the dropping zone. In order to determine the rational parameters of the seed cells of the seed disk, an experimental appliance was made and studies were conducted to determine the desired value of the coefficient of filling cells with seeds of different sizes. The experiments were conducted using disks with cell radii of 5.0 mm and 6.0 mm which correspond to their areas of 9.6 mm2 and 16.3 mm2, respectively. The vacuum in the vacuum chamber was 0.2 kPa and the peripheral velocity of the cells was 2 m/s. Taking into account the experiments conducted, it can be stated that in order to ensure the seeding of sugar beet, the radii of the cells’ rounding should be within the limits of 5...6 mm which in general is consistent with the results of theoretical studies. According to them the radius of the whole is 5.7 mm.

147-156

Authors: Bin Li; Yuqi, Zhang; Ying-Nan, Kan; Yao-Dan, Chi; Xiaotian, Yang; Jianing, Wang; Yiding, Wang

Plant growth factors including carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity and luminance have been detected by using the proposed remote-control wireless sensing system in greenhouse environment. These factors are crucial for photosynthesis and can be detected in real-time by this system. Numerical sensors were adopted and were driven by the developed printed circuit boards. Remote-control and wireless data transmission were also performed and improved by using the developed hardware. In order to satisfy the requirement of remote control, GSM module was integrated in the sensing system. Meanwhile, corresponding software was developed for data storing, wireless transmitting, remote controlling and data analyzing. The proposed system is suitable for precision management of key factors in greenhouse and it also exhibits improved functional performance compared with our previously reported sensing system.

165-172

Authors: Ramayanty, Bulan; Safrizal; Muhammad, Yasar; Yudi, Nata; Agustami, Sitorus

A low-cost and a small-scale chopper machine for oil palm frond (OPF) was locally designed, manufactured and simply evaluated. It’s called chopper machine AE02-type. This type of machine is designed so that it can be of appropriate technology and affordable for smallholders of palm oil in Indonesia. The effect of chopper machine AE02-type operating conditions (three different blade rotation speeds: 800 rpm, 1200 rpm and, 1600 rpm; and three branches of fresh OPF with leaves was cut into 2.0 m length at three different sections: initial, middle, and edge were investigated. The performance of the developed machinery was evaluated regarding (i) machine capacity, (ii) size of chopped OPF, (iii) percentage of chopped OPF, and (iv) chopper machine efficiency. The chopper machine AE02-type essentially consists of the hopper, mainframe, diesel engine, outlet and chopping blade. It was powered by an 8.5 hp diesel engine and the blade of a chopper is powered through a V-belt connection. Results revealed that the increase of the rotations speed was found to increase the machine capacity and chopping of OPF percentage at all OPF sections. On the other hand, it also results in smaller chopping dimensions. However, it caused a decrease in the mean values of chopping efficiency.

179-186

Authors: Golub, G.A.; Skydan, O.V.; Kukharets, S.M.; Marus, O.A.

To prevent inhomogeneity of the substrate, it is proposed to mix the substrate in a rotating digester. To determine the intensity of substrate components mixing, we have found the trajectory and speed of substrate mineral components movement and substrate organic components in the rotating digester. It was found that the uniform mixing and maximum interpenetration of organic and mineral components of the substrate is provided for the rational values of the digester angular velocity from 0.04 to 0.1 rad/s and the digester blades length from 75 to 80% of its internal radius.

199-206

Authors: Lukianchuk, O.P.; Turcheniuk, V.O.; Prykhodko, N.V.; Volk, P.P.; Rokochinskiy, A.M.

IIt is ascertained that the issue of ecological rational use of water and land resources in the cultivation of rice determines the need for differentiation of the degree of soil drainage, which involves the direction and intensity of soil processes. It is substantiated that one of the expedient measures is the deep loosening of rice field’s soils. Possible approaches to improving, constructing and implementing effective deep loosening tools are suggested. Research and production research was carried out on the basis of Liskovsky rice irrigation system in the Odessa region (Ukraine), the soil conditions of which are typical for most of the Danube rice irrigation systems. It is substantiated that a most effective measure in the cultivation of rice is the implementation of a continuous deep loosening by a long-range deep-thrower of a new type, the application of which reduces the density and increases the permeability of the soil, respectively, by 1.26 and 4.45 times. Due to the corresponding structure of loose soil, this leads to a significant improvement of the water-physical properties of the soils, increasing their filtration capacity throughout the area of fields in grown rice, increasing the accumulation capacity of the aeration zone for the accompanying crops.

215-224

Authors: Shuo, Li; Ruili, Song; Feng, Kang ; Yaxiong, Wang

To overcome the occlusion of satellite signals by dense canopy that invalidates the use of global positioning systems with agricultural machinery, the paper proposed a global positioning method to establish the global positions of forest trees. First, the domain division method of Euclidean distance and a geometric tangent algorithm are used. Then, three-dimensional data consisting of the centre points of tree trunks in the WGS84 coordinate system are obtained by performing a spatial coordinate transformation. Subsequently, the laser scanned the newly detected trunks at a time t, and the scanning area was determined. Finally, the global positioning of trees by agricultural machinery was completed under a dense canopy. The results of field experiments showed that the standard deviation of the positioning error of the per plant tree trunk in the X, Y and Z directions of the space rectangular coordinate in the WGS-84 world coordinate system are 0.03 m, 0.04 m and 0.03 m.

233-242

Authors: Bandura, V.; Mazur, V.; Yaroshenko, L.; Rubanenko, O.

Currently, drying of food materials by infrared radiation (IR) becomes widespread. The technology of dehydration of products and materials is far ahead of the theoretical drying conditions. Not only classical literature on problems of drying, but also special literature does not give concrete recommendations for the design of installations with electromagnetic energy supply. Therefore, the only reliable way of their study is an experiment. Despite the great scientific amount of literature on drying, including IR-installations, practical issues of designing infrared dryers have not been worked out. Well-known studies are exclusively private. The technological features of drying sunflower seeds by means of infrared energy supply are described in this paper and the prospects of vibration monolayer drying of sunflower seeds are grounded. The specific energy costs are determined for the process of infrared drying of the product.

253-260

Authors: Kobets A.S.; Ponomarenko N.A.; Kobets O.M.; Tesliuk H.V.; Kharytonov M.M.; Yaropud V.M.

Methods for researching the effect of direction and force of wind on the result of the uniformity and width of mineral fertilizer application have been proposed. Researches on the experimental sample of centrifugal mineral fertiliser spreader in the field conditions have been made. The proposed rotary working body design, structural features of which enable to improve the dispersion evenness of mineral fertilizer, is presented.

271-278

Authors: Lv Xiaorong; Zhang Lihua; Lv Xiaolian; Wang Xiao

A small multifunction hydraulic chassis was designed on the basis of the intercropping planting in the hilly regions of southwest China. The overall structure and the design parameters were completed by theoretical calculations and UGNX software. A track-based walking device was studied. It consists of a gauge of 720 mm and a minimum ground clearance of 200 mm. The prototype employs a full hydraulic drive system, effectively solving the steering problems in narrow spaces of intercropping fields. It can also navigate smoothly through a hilly intercropping field, is stable on slopes (<25) and has good climbing ability.

287-296

Authors: Darwin; Cord-Ruwisch, Ralf

Anaerobic digestion process consists of several stages in which different type of microorganisms are involved. The current study reviews some possible reactions occurred in anaerobic digestion particularly in acidogenesis stage. The paper also reviews the mechanisms of suppression and inhibition of anaerobic digestion in relation to some possible thermodynamic reactions during acidogenesis phase. Results of the study showed that ethanol and lactic acid are intermediate products that could potentially be produced during the anaerobic acid stage fermentation. Thus, those products should be carefully managed due to their acid effects in order to avoid the failure of anaerobic digestion.