INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering

6

Authors: Cujbescu D, Voicu Gh, Bolintineanu Gh, Persu C, Kabaş Ö, Bungescu S, Biriş S.

Romania's strategic objective of EU integration imposes, among others, policies that ensure the implementation of community requirements on the free movement of products, which is based on an open market economy, based on competition and economic and social cohesion. Agricultural productivity (main economic branch through its impact on the society and environment) is influenced by technological level of applied work, sowing work occupying a very important place in these technologies. This paper presents a method for testing the hoeing plants sowing machines with the help of a stand equipped with laser sensors that measure the time interval between the fall of two seeds which it transforms in space and which it compares to the reference area calculated by a specialized software after entering the input data (density, distance between rows, number of holes on the disk, speed)

6

Authors: Gevko R.B, Klendiy O.M.

The article presents the design of a safety device with slipping and axial shifting regimes, which are separated in time and are used in order to recondition the working capacity of a conveyer. Also, power analysis of the operation of a safety mechanism is conducted, which gives the opportunity to estimate the change in the moment of rotation of a driven half-clutch and a screw T depending on the change in the angle of the relative turning of half-clutches . Based on the results of the static experimental investigation of the safety device, it was determined that the given static analytical dependences can be used in the engineering design of different standard sizes of a safety device

6

Authors: Fodorean G, Cioica N, Nagy M, Atanasov At, Covaliu C.

Bioplastics (defined either as bio-based or biodegradable), automotive industry and agriculture are closely connected. On one side, renewable resources from agriculture are basic feedstock for bioplastics manufacturing. On the other side, products made from bioplastic materials have many applications in agriculture, in packaging for food industry, in construction and in automotive industry. If bioplastics are biodegradable, the life cycle can be closed by degrading them in industrial or home composters. The purpose of the work was to explore the relationship between the composition of a ternary bioplastic blends and its mechanical properties. Three polymers were used, PLA, PBAT and PA. PLA (polylactide) is a bio-based polymer produced by Nature Works, designed for injection moulding applications. PBAT (ecoflex F BX 7011) is an oil-based, biodegradable polymer designed for film extrusion and extrusion coating, produced by BASF. PA (platamid HX 2656) is a bio-based polymer produced by ARKEMA, designed to be used in textile industry, for adhesives and coatings. Relationship between blend composition, morphology and impact strength will be given.

8

Authors: Marin E, Bolintineanu Gh, Sorică C, Manea D, Herak D, Croitoru Ş, Grigore I.

This paper presents the results of experimental researches of sowing body, endowed with a pneumatic distribution apparatus equipped with vertical distributing discs and different sized holes, body which is the main component of a modern technical equipment performed by INMA Bucharest in partenership with S.C. MAT SA Craiova. The output obtained following the experimental researches allows to improve the technology of establishing the hoeing plant crops, so that the agricultural machinery market should benefit of a state-of-the art technical equipment in compliance with high quality requirements

8

Authors: Bogdanof G, Păun A, Ertekin C, Neagoe V.

The paper presents the theoretical and practical researches on the achievement and testing of a trailed windrover for fodder harvesting which carries out the operations of mowing, crushing and placing in continous and uniform swath of grassy fodder plants on the ground for natural drying,by a single passing. On the windrover were tested two types of conditioning devices for forages aiming the reduction of harvesting losses for different types of crops

8

Authors: Ludig M, Cârdei P, Muraru V, Mihailov N.

This paper presents some possibilities to optimize the use of electromagnetic waves, microwaves for the being moment, in agriculture and food industry. Concerns on this issue have arisen from some research topics about heating systems for agricultural products in their manufacturing processes. Obviously, at a later time, other interesting applications were suggested. For the present moment, the applications are limited to the drying process of herbs, fruits and vegetables or materials that must be preheated for processing (sawdust for pellets). For future applications, microwaves and other electromagnetic waves can extend their use in complex treatment for stored fruits and vegetables processing, treatment against pests existing in agricultural fields or in other areas. A mathematical model of a microwave oven from specialized literature is used in this paper in order to obtain a better positioning of organic matter inside the oven or a more favorable thermal field inside the oven

8

Authors: Jie Zhang, Zhenzhen Ma, Dengming Wu

This paper studied the non-point source pollution type of Meijiadu Village, Gaocheng Town, Yixing City, Taihu Basin, analyzed the process of rainfall-runoff producing- pollution producing of two main runoff pollution sources in the rural area, calculated the mean concentrations of the different rainfall events. Based on local living conditions and poultry farming methods, the runoff pollution characteristics and the influencing factors were analyzed. Besides, a biological detention pond technology suitable for treating runoff pollution under rural conditions was proposed. The results show: The event mean concentrations of these two polluted areas differed significantly; within the same rainfall, the runoff peak occurred 0.6-1.1 h later than rainfall intensity did, and the concentration was also changed along with the runoff process. However, at different rainfall intensities, the loss law of the pollutants was similar. The concentration of runoff pollution reached the peak within the first 10 min, but the water quality became stable after the stabilization of the runoff. Therefore, the concentration of runoff pollution was affected by rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, poultry scale, human activities, surrounding soil properties and many other factors.

8

Authors: Mărdărescu V.Gh., Ispas N., Năstăsoiu M.

When designing a cylinder head for two families of stationary Diesel air cooled, engines, with direct injection, we have to consider the BMEP, which is limited to these engines to values of 3.8-5.2 bar. To optimize gases exchange process and obtain a desired swirl number, different solutions are studied: geometry galleries, speed location of valves and gas fields concentrations developed in the combustion process for each proposed solution. The paper presents the optimal solution found in the functional analysis made for a program FLUENT single cylinder engine and one engine family bi-cylinder, looking at for each case of cooling air flow. Another aspect to be taken into account when designing the cylinder heads is to determine the thermal regimes of the cylinder head, piston, cylinder, valves and nozzle, in order to define the development of heat per work engine cycle. From our experience in designing and testing stationary air cooled engines and developing of injectors and new combustion chambers, a combustion code, written in C++, simulates the heat release rate per cycle, also serving to define data used to determine required heat transfer. The objectives of this paper are to define optimum construction solutions for a cylinder head for air-cooled Diesel engine with direct injection, having the stroke of 65 and 82 mm bore.

10

Authors: Yaojun Bo, Qingke Zhu, Weijun Zhao

This study was aimed to identify optimal indicators for microtopography-oriented soil quality assessment. Twenty-two soil physicochemical and biological parameters were investigated at 93 sampling points in five different microtopographic units in semiarid regions of the Loess Plateau, where the principal functions of eroded agriculture soils are related to productivity and anti-erosion ability. The selection of soil quality indicators was accomplished using a combination of sensitivity analysis, principal component analysis, and stepwise regression. The indicators used for microtopography-oriented soil quality assessment were found to be moderately sensitive with no high sensitivity. Moderately sensitive soil quality indicators including the levels of sucrase activity (SA), available phosphorus (AP), total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOM), and urease (UA) are the major objectives of soil quality restoration and regulation in the study area. The 22 soil physicochemical and biological parameters indicative of soil quality were grouped into seven soil quality factors; SOM, water-holding capacity, total phosphorous (TP), total potassium (TK), soil water content, capillary porosity, and AP. Optimal indicators for microtopography-oriented soil quality assessment in the study area were identified as; SOM, TN, SA, UA, AP, TP, CaCO3, APA, and TK. Among these, the SOM level was the key indicator for characterizing soil quality in relation to microtopography in the semiarid loess region. This study provides reference information for the conservation of agricultural soils and improvement of low-yield farmlands in semiarid regions of the Loess Plateau. This will enable better agricultural decisions by the residents and aid decision making by the government according to local conditions.

14

Authors: Nutu N.C., Pana C., Dobre A., Negurescu N., Cernat A.

The need of fresh air breading, especially in congested places and fuel price increasing led to new solutions for Diesel engine fuelling. The alternative fuels are a very good choice regarding pollutant emissions and price decreasing. This paper objective is to highlight comparative aspects between results obtained in the case of fuelling a Diesel engine with Diesel fuel and, respectively Diesel fuel and LPG,in order to be also used at agricultural tractors, either experimentally on test bed, or by thermodynamic processes modeling. The computer software used in this work is AVL Boost, a friendly and powerful environment, built by AVL Austria. The created model simulates a dual mode fuelling of a Diesel engine with Diesel fuel and LPG.