International Invention Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

Number Vol. 2(10), 2015

139-143
Haematological Values of Broilers Managed on Titanium Dioxide Treated Litter

Authors: 1*Adamu, Y. A.; 2Usman A.; 1Mera, U. M.; 3Abubakar, M. B; 4Bello, A.; 5Umaru, M.A.

Abstract

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An experiment was conducted to study the effect of TiO2 applied in 0g/m2, 30g/m2, 60g/m2 and 120g/m2 concentration, as a litter treatment agent on litter bacteriology, haematology, ammonia emission and ammonia lesions on broilers fed standard commercial diet and water ad lib on wood shavings based deep litter system at a depth of 6cm and 16birds/m2. Litter samples were collected weekly for ammonia while tissue samples were collected at the seventh week for histology and blood samples were also collected via cardiac venipuncture for haematology and blood chemistry. The result showed that RBC and WBC were significantly (P<0.05) elevated in 0g/m2TiO2 treatment (3.86x1012, 2.93x1012, 3.01x1012, 2.34x1012 and 27.16x109, 26.41x109, 21.47x109, 21.84x109) respectively. MCH and MCV were significantly (P<0.05) elevated (28.60pg, 34.26pg, 30.96pg, 44.71pg and 87.42fl, 103.41fl, 93.62fl, 134.52fl) in the 120g/m2TiO2litter treatments. There was a significant (P<0.05) elevation in serum sodium (132.27mEq/l, 135.07mEq/l, 135.33mEq/l, 138.67mEq/l); potassium (4.12mEq/l, 4.18mEq/l, 4.03mEq/l, 4.47mEq/l); globulin (1.23g/dl, 1.85g/dl, 1.35g/dl, 2.47g/dl) and conjugated bilirubin (5.11mg/dl, 5.52mg/dl, 5.55mg/dl, 6.07mg/dl) in 120g/m2TiO2 litter treatment. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in ammonia even though 60g/m2TiO2 litter treatment retained more ammonia (29.77, 29.25, 33.16, 30.01). It was concluded that TiO2 is beneficial as a litter treatment agent especially at 60g/m2 rate.

144-164
Hepatotoxicity Implies chemical-driven liver damage induced by certain medicinal and other chemical agents

Authors: Mohamad Sayyed Bakheet1*, Haredy Hassan Haredy2, Ali Abdesalam2, Hoda Khalifa Abd alhady sayed3

Abstract

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There are increasing evidences that free radicals and reactive oxygen species play a crucial role in the various steps that initiate and regulate the progression of liver diseases. Oxidative stress in hepato-toxicity resulting from increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other reactive intermediates as well as by decreased efficiency of antioxidant defenses actively contributes to excessive tissue remodeling. Drug-induced nephropathy is reported to be the third most common cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients. Excess ROS production and depressed antioxidant defence mechanism are responsible for nephrotoxicity. So, pharmacological studies in this work were done to evaluate: presence of protective effects of an antioxidant Hesperedine on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic toxicity and nephro-toxicity, to evaluate its effects on oxidants and antioxidants parameters and to evaluate its effect on kidney and liver functions and histo-pathological changes. Liver enzymes level AST and ALT: was increased significantly in rats treated with CCl4 but decreased significantly in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (100 mg/ kg/ day) and in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (200 mg/ kg/ day). In comparison between antioxidant treated rats groups liver enzymes level was decreased significantly in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (200 mg/ kg/ day) than in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (100 mg/ kg/ day). Serum creatinine level: was increased insignificantly in rats treated with CCl4 but decreased insignificantly in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (100 mg/ kg/ day) and in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (200 mg/ kg/ day). In comparison between antioxidant treated rats groups liver enzymes level was decreased insignificantly in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (200 mg/ kg/ day) than in rats treated with antioxidant HDN (100 mg/ kg/ day). So, we recommend uses of antioxidant Hesperedine as it has a valuable role in improvement of liver functions and as a prophylactic of hepatic and renal tissues against toxicity achieved by free radicals. Keywords: Hepatotoxicity, CCl4, HDN, Antioxidant, Hesperedine.