Italian Journal of Sports rehabilitation and Posturology

2684 – 2694

Authors: Lazar Pajović, Milomir Trivun, Rosario D'Onofrio

There are many publications that try to explain the problem of the influence of physical activity on body composition. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which physical activity has an impact on the body composition of the female population. The method consisted of collecting relevant literature, tabulation and further analysis. We conclude that physical activity has significant effects on the body composition of women and as such has a positive impact on health. Encouragement towards a better diet, promotion and exercise of physical activities to a greater extent is one of the preconditions for timely sanctioning of the problem of poor body composition

2705 - 2718

Authors: Armin Zećirović, Goran Vasić, Rosario D'Onofrio

Research data for the purposes of this review were collected through electronic search engines PubMed, Scholar Google. After reviewing the entire texts according to the inclusion criteria, 15 papers remained, which are included in the detailed analysis and tabelar presentation .Physical activities of aerobic character give real results if performed 3-5 times a week. The duration of the activity should be within 50-60 minutes. Exercise will certainly lead to positive cardiorespiratory changes in both men and women.Cardiorespiratory endurance is associated with the development of the ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to maintain and deliver oxygen to engaged muscles during long-term physical activity, as well as the ability of muscles to receive the necessary energy through aerobic processes. Physical activities have a significant impact on cardiorespiratory abilities, more precisely, there is an increase in the maximum consumption of oxygen and an increase in the personal fitness index related to the increase in respiratory capabilities. Arterial blood pressure is significantly corrected, however, it is necessary to start exercising physically for preventive purposes in time.

2738 – 2749

Authors: Dejan Vasković

Abstract. Morphological characteristics represent the primary information about the psychosomatic status of a person that determines the system of basic morphological latent dimensions, regardless of whether those dimensions were developed under the special influence of the external environment or not. The aim of the research is to determine the morphological profile of karate in relation to the weight category to which they belong. The research was conducted on a sample of 31 young karate fighters, aged 12 to 15 years. All respondents are medal winners at regional championships. The sample of anthropometric measures will consist of 13 measures, which are part of the battery of 39 measures of the International Biological Program (IBP). ANOVA test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences in the mean values of variables between karate players of different weight categories.

2762 - 2778

Authors: Sannicandro Italo, D’Onofrio Rosario, Lupelli Nicolangelo, Cofano Giacomo

Introduction. The literature in recent years has showed the requirement to analyse the differences in performance between the two lower limbs. The lower limbs functional asymmetries are determined by strength deficits between the two limbs and differ from muscular imbalances, which represent an alteration in the strength relationship between agonist and antagonistic muscle pairs. This asymmetry seems to significantly affect performance but above all it seems to represent an injury risk factor. Aim of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyse and understand the lower limb asymmetry values in the young soccer players. The study also verify whether neuromuscular training on unstable and small surfaces provides an effective plan able to reduce functional asymmetries and allows the strength performance increase. Materials and methods. 35 young male soccer players (all movement players) from youth national team in the 2020/21 season (14.46 ± 0.28 years, weight: 49.16± 4.92 kg; height: 162.5± 7.2 cm, age training: 7,9 ± 1,1 years) have been randomly divided into Experimental Group, EG (n=17) and Control Group, CG (n=20). The EG completed a total of 16 training sessions directed at balance and neuromuscular training on unstable or small surfaces: two 30-minute sessions/week over a 8-week period. The CG followed an identical training schedule, but training sessions consisted of soccer-specific drills only. The performances were assessed in the One-Leg Hop test, Side-Hop test, Triple-Hop test and Crossover-Hop test to quantify percent asymmetries in lower-limb strength before (T0) and following (T1) training. Results. The data analysis returns the highlights significant intergroup results (T0 vs T1): the One-Leg Hop test left limb (p = .05, d = -2,67), the One-Leg Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = 10.77), the Side-Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = 4.25), the Triple-Hop test right limb ( p = .0005, d = -6.40), the Triple-Hop test left limb ( p = .0005, d = -7.32), the Triple-Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = 6,96), the Crossover-Hop test left limb (p = .05, d = -2.04), the Crossover-Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = -4.12). Conclusions. The neuromuscular and balance training on small and unstable surfacess seem to respond effectively to two needs of the young soccer player: the injury prevention, by reducing the strength asymmetry values, and increasing the lower limb explosive strength values.