Italian Journal of Sports rehabilitation and Posturology

1784 - 1813

Authors: Rosario D’Onofrio, Mehul Padasala, Nikos Apostolopoulos, Jaymin Bhatt, Luigi Febbrari, Bojan Bjelica, Antonio Sicignano, Vincenzo Manzi

Background. There is no homogeneous consensus in the international scientific literature on how to structure the Return To Sport (RTS) after injury to the hamstring. The epidemiological framework, the diversification of classifications, rehabilitation, and the decision-making process does not find moments of expression standardization of clear evidence-based gods. Objective: Target Carry out a systematic review of the literature on (a) epidemiological studies on "Hamstring" lesions (b) on the terminologies and definitions of RTP functions used in hamstring research and (c) on the criteria for RTP after Hamstring injury. The secondary objective of this review is to facilitate diagnostic, therapeutic and scientific communication between clinical and therapeutic. Materials and methods. A literature search was performed for the search of articles that provided epidemiological studies, definition, classification and criteria for Return to Sport (RTS) after injury to the Hamstring. There were no limits to the methodological design or quality of the articles. The content analysis was carried out by the authors in order to identify the contents useful for the writing of this review. After consulting PubMed 2818 articles were chosen based on our design criteria. After a brief analysis, 2191 articles where removed, leaving 627 articles. Of the remaining 627, duplicates and those articles that did not meet the objective of our study were excluded resulting in five articles forming the bases of our review and discussion. In total, 85 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results. We have found several studies related to the classification of lesions and the criteria of return to sport that confirm our primary scientific hypothesis or a structural lack of clinical and therapeutic homogeneity. We can say that the classification: the Munich Consensus Statement, the British Athletics Muscle Classification, the ISMuLT Guidelines for muscle injuries, show that the prognostic positivity is the benchmark in the classification of muscle injuries. Thus structural injuries are associated with longer time to sports than functional disorders. These are often clinically underestimated and require further systematic study. The return to sport does not find homogeneity in scientific evidence both in the protocols and in the guidelines. However, significant areas of divergence remain both in the language and in the process of returning to sport. Conclusions. In our Review we did not identify in a consensus among the studies, related to the clinical / structural and return to sport criteria, for an optimal "Decision Making". These deformities go to raise significantly, the risk factors, already highlighted widely in the literature, of re - injury. Study Design. A Systemic Review. Authorship credit : “Criteria authorship scientific article” has been used “Equal Contribution” (EC). Citation.; Rosario D’Onofrio, Mehul Padasala, Nikos Apostolopoulos, Jaymin Bhatt, Luigi Febbrari, Bojan Bjelica, Antonio Sicignano, Vincenzo Manzi ; The return to sport after muscular injury of the "Hamstring". A Systemic Review.; Ita. J. Sports Reh. Po. 2021; 8 (17); 2; 2; 1784 - 1813; DOI: 10.17385/ItaJSRP.21.17.080202 ; ISSN 2385-1988 [online] ; IBSN 007-111-19-55; CGI J OAJI 0,101)]. Published online

1829 – 1867

Authors: Jan van de Rakt, Steve McCarthy-Grunwald

Abstract The rehabilitation of an arm after an stroke is the greatest problem the past centuries. The prognostic of the recovery is very poor ,especially by the group that hasn’t an cortical-spinal bane left. No activity in 72 hour after the stroke in the shoulder abduction and extension of the fingers means that the possibilities to an full recovery are poor. That has given many therapist no motivation to try to get the best result of his treatment for every individual after an stroke. And looking what therapist do, is an poor image what can be done by all individuals after an stroke. That means not that in this article you find the solution for full recovery but this will give so far as possible the possibilities that there are to get an optimal result. Even the “a- functional “arm need treatment to get an level that the individual has no pain and can handle this arm on the right way. Walking and balance difficulties will have always an reaction in the upper trunk and therefore also in the shoulder blade and the arm and that asked for an proper treatment. But there are an lot of possibilities to create an “function” for that “a-functional” arm/hand that makes that this arm/hand has an goal in the ADL and there are many books about this subject. Further one there are doubt that compensation in the early rehabilitation after an stroke is the best way to handle this problem, there are sounds that the amount of treatment isn’t right and the amount of investigation on the CIMT-approach gives an picture that an lot of scientist are searching for an greater intensity and for an longer time. Together they expect an better result because only more time isn’t the answer. But the most important issue that all arm/hand are treatable after stroke and that the therapist must assess what the level is and what the possibilities from there are. This part start with an arm/hand that has an low tone with what activity returning but as an flexion attitude synergy and with great problems to hold the mobility on his highest level. Authorship credit : “Criteria authorship scientific article” has been used “Equal Contribution” (EC) .Citation. : Jan van de Rakt , Steve McCarthy-Grunwald; Rehabilitation of the upper limb after an stroke. Part 1. The Flexion Attitude Synergy. An multi-eclectic approach. Ita. J. Sports Reh. Po. 2021; 8 (17); 2; 4 ; 1829 – 1867 ; DOI: 10.17385/ItaJSRP.21.17.080204; ISSN 2385-1988 [online] ; IBSN 007-11119-55; CGI J OAJI 0,101)]. Published online. Correspondence for author: Jan van de Rakt e mail : jan@vanderakt.nl