Italian Journal of Sports rehabilitation and Posturology

345- 367

Authors: Rosario D’Onofrio

Il calcio è considerato lo sport più popolare del mondo essendo praticato da almeno 200 milioni di atleti e da 21 milioni di calciatrici, registrate alla Fèdèration l'Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) . Gli eventi lesivi sono un evento avverso, importante, spesso estremamente invalidante, per la carriera di un giocatore di calcio. Le lesioni muscolari sono molto comuni nel calcio, che rappresentano fino al 37% di tutte le lesioni per assenza dall’attività agonistica I risultati delle ricerche sulle evidenze scientifiche evidenziate nella letteratura dipendono dal concetto di definizione della lesione, dalle caratteristiche dei giocatori e dall’obbiettivo della ricerca 16 I problemi metodologici associati alla ricerca delle lesioni sportive sono stati descritti ed evidenziati da Finch, 58 , Dvorak59,60 e da Noyes.61 . Studi epidemiologici, internazionali, sui giocatori di calcio, hanno identificato un livello di incidenza delle lesioni pari al 10–35 per 1000 ore di gioco. 64 La maggior parte delle lesioni si verificano all’arto inferiore, in particolare il 61.2% a carico del ginocchio e della caviglia2 . Oltre 1/4 degli infortuni nel calcio sono rappresentati da lesioni muscolo scheletriche, principalmente localizzate nel quadricipite (14%), nei muscoli ischio-crurali (28%) e negli adduttori (8%).3,4, Asymmetries/dysbalances” nel rapporto funzionale quadricipite/ischio crurali dimostrano un significativo impatto sull’incidenza delle lesioni. La prevenzione e riabilitazione delle lesioni degli ischio crurali dovrebbe essere parte di un approccio, interdisciplinare, sistematico basato sulle evidenze proposte e validate dalla letteratura scientifica

382 - 396

Authors: Francis Osei, Rosario D’Onofrio and M. Omoniyi Moses

Analysis and study of the posture of athlete is one of the most important aspects of evaluation during pre-season. In overhead athletes, assessing the functionality of the scapula is one of the most important and interesting observations in postural manner. Postural asymmetries frequently remains as dysfunctional abnormalities that correlate with increase in risk factors for disease in the shoulder of athletes who involvein overhead sports.These asymmetries scapular posture are more pronounced in the upper limbs dominant for their repetitiveness gestural in game play. Test of static and dynamic evaluation have been presented in the literature to classify the presence of dyskinesia’sscapular between the Kibler’s test (lateral scapular slide test, LSST) that evaluates the postural modulation of the scapula in static positions clinically. Through this test, asymmetries side to side above the measurement of 1.5 cm may be classifiable as scapular dyskinesia after fifteen minutes of assessment on the field. We therefore recommend LSST to overhead game (volleyball) athletes’ technical teams as a functional assessment field test for scapula. It is simple within 15 seconds, repeatable and capable of detecting any scapular dysfunction in asymptomatic volleyball athletes.

406 - 412

Authors: Pasquale Tamburrino , Rosario D’Onofrio, Agostino Tucciarone

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two forms of immobilization in ankle sprains on the strength of evertor and invertor muscles, in order to draw up a rational training plan, designed to speed up the athlete's return to competitive sport. Methods: A total of 18 soccer players (average height 1.76 ± 0.05 - average age 24.5 ± 3.5 - average weight 66.3 ± 8.1), with a second degree ankle sprain, were treated with two different therapeutic strategies: 1) group A, with Aircast Air-Stirrup Ankle Brace functional support (9 male soccer players - average height 1.80 ± 0.05 - average age 24.7 ± 3.3 years - weight 75.6 ± 5.7) and 2) group B, with taping (9 soccer players, 7 men and 2 women - average height 1.73 ± 0.04 - average age 24.2 ± 3.9 years - weight 66 ± 7.7). All athletes were tested 30 days after injury; Lido Active isokinetic system was used to monitor peak torque, total work, average power of ankle evertors and invertors. Results: The findings of our study contribute to state that the strength of ankle invertors and evertors, tested at angular speeds of 30°, 60°, 90° and 120° sec., is significantly higher in group A than in group B, in all reference parameters, with a higher index in the peak torque and in the movement of inversion, at all angular velocities tested. Conclusions: Adopting a "dynamic and functional project" allowed us not only to safeguard the biological tissue healing process, but also to keep very good levels of evertor/invertor muscle strength. All this will allow us to develop a rational program of training, drawn up on the basis of individual characteristics and in relation to injury time in the season

420 - 428

Authors: Robert Flowers D.O.

Sacral stress fractures are a fairly uncommon injury that if gone undiagnosed can cause significant morbidity. The incidence is not well known and is thought to be underreported, due to vague symptoms that can mimic other more common injuries, such as muscle strains and sciatica. The following case outlines an adolescent female with a less common presentation of a sacral stress fracture and a slow progressive return to activity. This article will also present a brief review of the literature focusing on the pathophysiology, presenting symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and expected length of recovery for sacral stress fractures. Although this injury is uncommon, it often presents with common symptoms, and the clinician should not overlook it as a possible diagnosis