Italian Journal of Sports rehabilitation and Posturology

1431 - 1449

Authors: Martini Stefano, Bellini Luca, Alberti Giampietro, Trecoci Athos, Licciardi Andrea

Rome, Italy). Inoltre, la ricerca ha volute indagare la potenza metabolica (W/kg), accelerazioni intense (50% max), decelerazioni intense (>-2 m/s²), cambi di direzione >30° (occorrenze), distanza totale (m), distanza al minuto (m/min), distanza al minuto equivalente (dist/min eq.), azioni intense al minuto (occorrenze) e tempo di recupero passivo al minuto (s). Risultati: La potenza metabolica (W/kg) presenta una differenza significativa tra GDP 1 e i GDP 2 (p=0,0208) e GDP 4 (p=0,026), e tra GDP 2 e il GDP 6 (p=0,004). Per quanto riguarda la % di accelerazioni intense esiste una differenza significativa tra il GDP 1 e il GDP 2 (p = 0,004) GDP 3 (p = 0,039) GDP 4 (p < 0,0001) e GDP 5 (p = 0,048). I cambi di direzione sono stati in diminuzione passando dal GDP 1 al GDP 5, con numerose differenze significative: tra il GDP 1 e i GDP 2 (p = 0,015) 5 (p = 0,001 e 6 (p = 0,019) e tra il GDP 2 e i GDP 3 (p = 0,033), GDP 5 (p < 0,001) e GDP 6 (p = 0,007). Le azioni intense al minuto sono risultate significative tra il GDP 1 e il GDP 4 (p = 0,014), con i valori del GDP 2 più bassi rispetto agli altri esercizi. La distanza totale è maggiore nel GDP 5, che si differenza con il GDP 1 (p = 0,005), con GDP 2 (p = 0,003), con GDP (p = 0,001), con GDP 4 (p = 0,008) e con GDP 6 (p = 0,0010). Si riscontrano differenze significative anche tra il GDP 1 con il GDP 2 (p = 0,024) e tra il GDP 2 e il GDP 6 (p = 0,003). Per la distanza percorsa al minuto c’è una differenza tra il GDP 1 ed il GDP 4 (p = 0,041) e tra il GDP 2 ed il GDP 6 (p = 0,031). Per la distanza equivalente le interazioni significative si riscontrano tra il GDP 1 ed il GDP 4 (p = 0,017) e tra il GDP 1 e il GDP 2 (p = 0,013), mentre per il tempo di recupero passivo al minuto, vi sono differenze significative tra GDP 1 e GDP 2 (p = 0,03) GDP 3 (p = 0,038) GDP 4 (p = 0,008) oltre che tra GDP 2 e GDP 5 (p = 0,030) e GDP 6 (p = 0,003). Conclusioni: Le proposte di giochi di posizione hanno la capacità di allenare contemporaneamente la dimensione fisica, quella tecnica - tattica e quella cognitiva costituendo, se utilizzati nel modo giusto, uno strumento di allenamento importante. Riteniamo che i giochi di posizione rappresentino in questo senso un mezzo d’allenamento più che valido per la costruzione della performance calcistica, ma sicuramente ancora da studiare e da approfondire.

1479 -1498

Authors: Jaymin H Bhatt, Rosario D’Onofrio, Mehul Padasala, Marko Joksimovi, Cosimo Bruno, Domenico Melino and Vincenzo Manzi -

Background. Hamstring injuries are the most common muscle injury in amateur and professional athletes. Reinjury is a concern. The relationship of force between the knee flexors and extensors is known in the literature as H / Q ratio (Hamstring / Quadriceps ratio). This has been extensively examined in the training fields sports, prevention and rehabilitation, to describe functional and biomechanical expressiveness of the knee joint. Objectives. With this systematic, retroactive and quantitative review of the of the knee joint. With this review of the literature, we want to correlate the conventional and functional relationship of the Hamstring / quadriceps the increase in traumatic sports conditions, especially with muscle injuries. Method. We performed a systematic analysis of the literature based on the reporting articles. For this purpose the PubMed, Medline databases were viewed using the following keyword combinations: Hamstring / Quadriceps ratio, hamstring injury, muscle strain, ACL injury, muscle imbalance. For this review, I took into consideration the articles from 1983 to 2018, which reflected the objectives scientific documents that can be linked to the inclusion criteria of authors. Results. The report conventional is defined, in the literature, as the relationship between the knee flexor force peak and the quadriceps and is generally measured during a concentric contraction. The H / Q, functional is defined as the percentage ratio between peak force of flexors during an eccentric contraction and the peak force of the quadriceps during a concentric contraction (Hams / Quads). The relationship of strength between the agonist / antagonist for the extension and flexion of the knee, however, be described better from the most functional relationships during: a) Knee extension phase: eccentric force of the Hamstring and concentric quadriceps (H.ecc / Q.con). b) Knee flexion phase: concentric force of the flexors (Hamstring) and eccentric force of the Quadriceps (H.con / Q ecc.). asserting how asymmetries / imbalances in the functional H / Q ratio have been shown to affect them significant on the incidence of muscle injuries. Athletes with strength imbalances, persistent, have showed a significant increase in muscle injuries equal to 4.66 times. Altered values of the relationship of force H / Q (<0.6 for 60 ° s-1) can increase the risk factors even of injuries to the load Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). Conclusions. It is noticeable that the asymmetries / imbalances in the relationship Functional H / Q have a significant impact on the incidence of muscle injury. It is reported in literature like muscle imbalance can increase the risk factors of muscle injuries especially against the Hamstring. Final conclusions. In recent years, scientific literature has reported higher incidence of muscle injury. Study Design. A Review. (Jaymin H Bhatt, Rosario D’Onofrio, Mehul Padasala, Marko Joksimovi, Cosimo Bruno, Domenico Melino and Vincenzo Manzi - Muscle injuries in Athletes. The relationship between H / Q ratio (Hamstring / Quadriceps ratio) Ita. J. Sports Reh. Po.; 2020; 7; 1; 1479 -1498; ISSN 2385-1988 [online] IBSN 007-111-19 - 55; CGI J OAJI:0,101).