Italian Journal of Sports rehabilitation and Posturology

2897 - 2906

Authors: Lakovic Stefan.

The aim of the research was to determine whether the state of nutrition has an effect on the efficiency in tests of motor skills. The research was conducted on 30 children aged 5 to 6 years. The sample of variables consisted of five tests of motor skills (coordination, repetitive strength, explosive strength, balance and speed) and measurements of height and weight, on the basis of which the body mass index was calculated and nutrition percentiles. The obtained results showed that there are differences in efficiency between boys and girls. Showed how the state of nutrition in boys affects efficiency in the coordination test, and in girls in the repetitive strength test. More precisely, those boys who have lower values of the body mass index and percentile of nutrition achieve a better result in the backward polygon test than those boys with higher values, while girls with lower values of nutrition achieve a better result in the abs in 30 seconds test than girls with higher values.

2841 -- 2852

Authors: Alashram AR, D’Onofrio R, Youssef T, Manzi V, Sannicandro I, Padua E, Annino G, Zelenovic M.

Background. Isolated or associated non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries are frequently found in pivoting, cutting, side-step pivoting, and jump landing sports such as soccer. These injuries represent a serious risk to the footballer's career due to the long process of returning to performance. The risk of further ipsi- and/or contralateral re-injury injuries accelerates the physiological degenerative processes of the knee joint environment. Objective. The purpose of this short overview is to extend the results of the literature available on the Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) by providing information on the status of the knee joint after Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery, both in: active Professional Soccer (PS) and former Professional Soccer athletes (fPSa) as per the specific and common language of international literature. Unfolding. We did a search of PubMed, PubMed Central, ResearchGate was performed in relation to 3 inclusion criteria: (a) articles that explored the association between sport and Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the knee after reconstructive ligament surgery anterior crusader; (b) Articles examining a correlation between PS knee PTOA in activity and fPSa. Exclusion Criteria: Articles that explored a condition other than knee OA and were outside the scope of this short overview. Results and Discussion Sports that involve pivots, cuts, and changes of direction, such as soccer, are associated with an increase in joint injuries with a physiological increase in risk factors of knee PTOA. In soccer players, in relation to sport-specific gestures, there is a rapid evolution of the process of degradation of the knee joint environment. At the elite level, in association with an ACL injury there is a higher prevalence of associated chondral and meniscal injuries that compromise the player's very career and future quality of life once they retire. The results of clinical and nuclear magnetic resonance-radiographic evaluations highlight how PSs have to manage their career path and how fPSa with many years of competitive activity have a reduced quality of life, with a markedly unfavorable clinical-symptomatological-imaging and functional status. Conclusions. In active Professional Soccer (PS) players, than in former Professional Soccer athletes (fPSa) an increased degradation of the knee joint environment this is also found after ACL reconstructive surgery this to the high mechanical stresses of soccer training and competition. Although much work has been done, the incidence of PTOA among Professional Soccer (PS), who in former Professional Soccer athletes (fPSa) with a history of ACL injury remains high because of the complexity of the progression of knee joint injury. Knee injury events accelerate the joint degenerative process present on imaging , correlated with the symptomatic picture of OA.

2863 -2871

Authors: Alden Karović

A total of 24 training sessions were conducted in a period of 8 weeks. Trainings were held three times a week for 60 minutes. Strength exercises for the muscles of the whole body were carried out in combination with high-intensity interval activities in the organizational form of circuit training or through a bicycle ergometer. The training was structured with the aim of achieving body recomposition of the subjects, i.e. reducing subcutaneous fat while simultaneously increasing muscle mass. The aim of this work was to determine the changes that occurred in morphological characteristics. The sample of respondents consisted of 25 respondents. Initial and final measurements of a total of 13 variables of morphological characteristics were performed on all subjects. By analyzing the collected results, it was concluded that the training program can partially influence changes in morphological characteristics. Five measures of body folds recorded a statistically significant change (p=0.00), as well as the skin fold of the lower leg (p=0.04) and the circumference of the abdomen, which in the mentioned period was reduced by 3.03 cm (p=0.01). Other measures of morphological characteristics did not achieve a statistically significant change. It is recommended to carry out more research on this topic, but with a more homogeneous sample of respondents so that the transformational effects of the training program can be tested on a precisely defined population.

2810 -2828

Authors: Grassadonia Gabriele , Sacchetta Luca, Rosati Viviana, Locuratolo Nicoletta

Acute distal abdominal oblique tear confirmed by ultrasound and radiograph imaging, rare soccer injury, suitable for study in the postural field. Following an original protocol, never described in sport, relatively still little addressed even in the clinical setting, the subject underwent an integrated postural assessment based on the study of postural changes in different tests with and without receptor stimuli and on tests with different rates of dynamism. A U16 elite soccer player of Italian Championship, evaluate with innovative and multifactorial tests, which overcomes the drawback of a partial and incomplete observation of postural abnormalities/changes arising from the use of single or multiple receptor stimulation, as commonly occur in diagnostic routine tests. The corrections examined regard static and dynamic tests, such as rasterstereography, podalic morphometry, stabilometry, baropodometry and sprint running test with GPS-IMU, showing different outcomes to different stimuli, that indicate the importance of having a multimodal postural approach. Moreover, a major comprehensive postural evaluation, closely related to specific sports situations, can target the correct therapeutic approach in a more specific way, bringing out different behaviours and motor adaptations, defining a "roadmap" which aims to individualize training practices to optimize locomotor strategies, seeking as far as possible to prevent injuries or to recover better from them.

2684 – 2694

Authors: Lazar Pajović, Milomir Trivun, Rosario D'Onofrio

There are many publications that try to explain the problem of the influence of physical activity on body composition. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which physical activity has an impact on the body composition of the female population. The method consisted of collecting relevant literature, tabulation and further analysis. We conclude that physical activity has significant effects on the body composition of women and as such has a positive impact on health. Encouragement towards a better diet, promotion and exercise of physical activities to a greater extent is one of the preconditions for timely sanctioning of the problem of poor body composition

2705 - 2718

Authors: Armin Zećirović, Goran Vasić, Rosario D'Onofrio

Research data for the purposes of this review were collected through electronic search engines PubMed, Scholar Google. After reviewing the entire texts according to the inclusion criteria, 15 papers remained, which are included in the detailed analysis and tabelar presentation .Physical activities of aerobic character give real results if performed 3-5 times a week. The duration of the activity should be within 50-60 minutes. Exercise will certainly lead to positive cardiorespiratory changes in both men and women.Cardiorespiratory endurance is associated with the development of the ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to maintain and deliver oxygen to engaged muscles during long-term physical activity, as well as the ability of muscles to receive the necessary energy through aerobic processes. Physical activities have a significant impact on cardiorespiratory abilities, more precisely, there is an increase in the maximum consumption of oxygen and an increase in the personal fitness index related to the increase in respiratory capabilities. Arterial blood pressure is significantly corrected, however, it is necessary to start exercising physically for preventive purposes in time.

2738 – 2749

Authors: Dejan Vasković

Abstract. Morphological characteristics represent the primary information about the psychosomatic status of a person that determines the system of basic morphological latent dimensions, regardless of whether those dimensions were developed under the special influence of the external environment or not. The aim of the research is to determine the morphological profile of karate in relation to the weight category to which they belong. The research was conducted on a sample of 31 young karate fighters, aged 12 to 15 years. All respondents are medal winners at regional championships. The sample of anthropometric measures will consist of 13 measures, which are part of the battery of 39 measures of the International Biological Program (IBP). ANOVA test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences in the mean values of variables between karate players of different weight categories.

2762 - 2778

Authors: Sannicandro Italo, D’Onofrio Rosario, Lupelli Nicolangelo, Cofano Giacomo

Introduction. The literature in recent years has showed the requirement to analyse the differences in performance between the two lower limbs. The lower limbs functional asymmetries are determined by strength deficits between the two limbs and differ from muscular imbalances, which represent an alteration in the strength relationship between agonist and antagonistic muscle pairs. This asymmetry seems to significantly affect performance but above all it seems to represent an injury risk factor. Aim of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyse and understand the lower limb asymmetry values in the young soccer players. The study also verify whether neuromuscular training on unstable and small surfaces provides an effective plan able to reduce functional asymmetries and allows the strength performance increase. Materials and methods. 35 young male soccer players (all movement players) from youth national team in the 2020/21 season (14.46 ± 0.28 years, weight: 49.16± 4.92 kg; height: 162.5± 7.2 cm, age training: 7,9 ± 1,1 years) have been randomly divided into Experimental Group, EG (n=17) and Control Group, CG (n=20). The EG completed a total of 16 training sessions directed at balance and neuromuscular training on unstable or small surfaces: two 30-minute sessions/week over a 8-week period. The CG followed an identical training schedule, but training sessions consisted of soccer-specific drills only. The performances were assessed in the One-Leg Hop test, Side-Hop test, Triple-Hop test and Crossover-Hop test to quantify percent asymmetries in lower-limb strength before (T0) and following (T1) training. Results. The data analysis returns the highlights significant intergroup results (T0 vs T1): the One-Leg Hop test left limb (p = .05, d = -2,67), the One-Leg Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = 10.77), the Side-Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = 4.25), the Triple-Hop test right limb ( p = .0005, d = -6.40), the Triple-Hop test left limb ( p = .0005, d = -7.32), the Triple-Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = 6,96), the Crossover-Hop test left limb (p = .05, d = -2.04), the Crossover-Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = -4.12). Conclusions. The neuromuscular and balance training on small and unstable surfacess seem to respond effectively to two needs of the young soccer player: the injury prevention, by reducing the strength asymmetry values, and increasing the lower limb explosive strength values.

2597 - 2617

Authors: Ljubica Milanović, Bojan Bjelica, Nikola Aksović, Vanja Cicović, Rosario D'Onofrio

Explosive power is one of the most popular motor skills in sports today. It manifests itself as the power of reflection, impact, sudden acceleration, ejection of various devices and props (ball, spear, ball). Sports in which explosive power is significantly represented are: athletic sprints, jumps and throws, parts of sports games, martial arts . We must keep in mind that work on the explosive power of the lower extremities (all types of jumps on one or both legs) can be carried out only under the condition that in the initial period the means of general preparation created the basis for strength and coordination. jumping training. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the explosive power of the lower extremities in handball.

2629 -2637

Authors: Bandara S G I N G, Wijethunga W M N S , Sirimuthu N M S

Introduction: Sports participation for people of all ages is associated with an array of psychosocial health benefits including resilience, improved mental health, a sense of belonging, higher levels of self-efficacy, reduced stress, enhanced coping, and positivity. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the impact of physical activity level on the quality of life among national baseball league players in Sri Lanka. Method: A cross-sectional study was designed with 144 National league baseball players who played national league held in 2019, 25.63±2.75 age range. The quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief version questionnaire. The physical activity was evaluated using an International physical activity questioner. Data were assessed by standard calculation using point scales for WHOQOL-BREF, transformed scores, and MET values of physical activity, 0.05 taken as cutoff p-value to assess impact. Results: According to spearman ranked correlation there is a positive correlation (p= 0.000) between physical activity level and each (physical domain, psychological domain, social domain, environmental domain) four domains of quality of life. Conclusion: It can be concluded that if people are involved with physical activities is positively impacted the quality of life of the people.