The article is devoted to the influence of Chernigov's natural and geographical base on the formation of its development. The relief of Chernigov was greatly altered in the Old Russ’ time. The important role in the process of building Chernigov was played by such rivers as Desna and Strizhen. The main manifestation of landscape changes were defensive lines. Those divided the plateau of the terrace on which the city was located. The influence of anthropogenic factor on the relief of the city was minimal in the 14th-16th century. Because the population of the city was ten times less than in the Old Russ’ time. However, since the second half of the 17th century. The influence of city residents on the formation of landscapes is increasing. The old defensive lines are renewed and new ones are being built. This leads to the formation of new natural-architectural axes. Inhabitants gradually adapted the relief to their needs. But already at the beginning of the 19th century. This process was interrupted in connection with the redevelopment of the city on a new pre-planned plan.
The publication consists of two parts: a comprehensive commentary on the documents and the complex of archive materials prepared for publishing, which were extracted by the authors in the funds of the State Archives of Sumy Region and the State Archives of Kharkiv Region. The group of the documents reveals various sides of the organization of church buildings construction and maintenance in Sumy city and the estimations of their operational status. Informational value of these materials is emphasized not only from the point of view of the study of spiritual life of Sloboda Ukraine at the beginning of the 19th century, but also in the context of historical urban researches. Particular attention is paid to people directly connected to church organizations financing and material support and to construction projects realization. The authorship of P.A. Yaroslavskiy in the project of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary is revealed.
The article addresses the issue of the development of the Boromlya fortress. Using historical and cartographic sources an attempt is made to reconstruct the development of the settlement. The position of the fortress withing the modern village of Boromlya is determined using modern maps and topographical investigations. The articles shed light on the type of fortifications and weaponry of the fortress as well as the size of the garrison stationed there.
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