International Journal of Social and Educational Innovation

4

Authors: PIRI Sonila; GJINALI Aida

The first part provides an analysis of the concept of culture: the one related with the academic meaning of the word, which expresses the level of a society’s evolution regarding literature, music, and painting, i.e. artistic and intellectual expressions of a society. In addition, this concept includes the anthropological perspective which encompasses the way of life, customs, traditions, beliefs, mindsets, principles, as well as abilities that the individual and the community in which he lives have developed. Further on, an analysis is provided of the concept of culture in glottodidactics and its importance in the program of studying a foreign language. The second part highlights the importance of learning culture and civilization in the foreign language classroom; this is a major task which every teacher and instructor should pay close attention to: when learning a foreign language it not only necessary to acquire knowledge of its morphology and syntax, but also to study aspects of culture and civilization. In order to optimally achieve this, the teacher can use different methods to analyze cultural differences; for example comparisons, simulations, newspapers, media and the classroom too. The third part focuses on the importance of authentic material as this material originally reflects the culture in a particular moment and context. In this way, by the use of this material, the teacher provides students with a way of understanding situations and foreigners’ behavior, in this case the persons who represent the culture and the language being learnt. New technology, such as video and internet, is very good sources of authentic material. Internet is particularly a mere environment where students can interact in order to improve their communicative competences and where they can discover the culture of the language which they are learning. Keywords: culture, student, teacher, technology, authentic material

6

Authors: DANDEŞ - ALBERT Aurel

An important component of the approach that we have initiated is the study on employment and labor relations in the European Union through the chapter " Employment Policy in the European Union". The crystallization of the European efforts in the field of employment was due to social policy crisis that has manifested especially in the mid- '90s, when unemployment reached over 10 % in the European Union, with a significant impact on social policy. The modernization of the economies and the manufacturing technology has led to the emergence of surplus labor which has necessitated the development of new strategies to boost employment in the EU, the involvement of local authorities in the creation of new jobs, but simultaneously with the establishment of a financing instrument for this process: the European Social Fund, the issues presented throughout this paper. Keywords:The Employment Policy, Strategies of the European Union, the

6

Authors: Esi Marius Costel

The analysis of an educational theory in terms of the peace-war relationship illustrates a relevant view whose defining aspects are given by a number of issues that in our opinion are related to the typology of the organizational culture. Such social differences, which are related to the dimension of the organizational culture, generate a series of problems that are not always offered positive solutions. The dimension of social/educational pragmatism somehow reveals the need for a model of empowerment of all the social actors towards what is in terms of morality/ethics the imperative of social utility. Thus, the assessment criteria of the optimization sequences of such a model can be considered mere qualitative aggregates of the very idea of education (for peace/war).

8

Authors: LEPCALIUC Anamaria

Society we live in teaches us to think interdisciplinary, to move easily from one area to another and successfully fulfill social roles we are ready. Interdisciplinary connections are not univocal, meaning that the flow of information is one way for an activity; communication takes place in both directions, from one activity to another and vice versa. Interdisciplinary approach assumes that any educational discipline not a closed area, but can establish links between disciplines. The history of mathematics is a field of study is an investigation into the origin of discoveries in mathematics and in a broader sense, an investigation into the mathematical methods and notation of the past. Mathematics is the oldest science, history stretching over several millennia and in many geographical areas simultaneously in the Far East to Central America, and in Asia Minor and Africa to Europe. With good reason, most researchers have considered the evolution of culture and civilization that preceded the writing mathematics, since the discovery of bones with notches, which dates back over 20,000 years BC Belgian geologist Jean de Heinzelin of Braucourt, in 1950, found in volcanic ash on the bank of a lake in the Great Rift Valley of Africa, on the border between Congo and Uganda, which later was called "bone / stick Ishango" more exactly two bones of about 10 to 14 inches, with multiple incisions and secured with a piece of quartz in the thin end of one of the two bones. Notch, not random, are indicative of counting systems, in base 10, and some basic arithmetic. Keywords: Ishango bone, arabic numeric, mathematicians Ishango region, knowledge, science

10

Authors: MOGHADAM Reza Nemati; KOWSARY Mohammad Ali

The main purpose of this study was to find out the listening strategies used byupper-intermediate and intermediate Iranian FFL learners and to compare the listening strategies of both groups of participants in this study. A total number of 30 Persian EFL learners were administered a listening comprehension test and a listening strategy use questionnaire. The test consisted of two class lectures, each of them followed by comprehension questions comprised of multiple choice and essay questions. After the test, participants were also asked to complete a questionnaire that included 20 items asking about the use of cognitive, metacognitive, andsocio-affective strategies. The listening test and listening strategy use questionnaire data was run through multiple statistical tests, including factor analysis, multiple regression, and t-tests, to identify the strategies the research participants had used and explain the relationship between listening strategy use and listening comprehension. The results indicated that both upper-intermediate and intermediate listeners used metacognitive, cognitive, and socio-affective strategies. However, there was some variation in terms of the use of cognitive and metacognitive socio-affective strategies. As far as cognitive strategies were concerned, the results revealed that the upper-intermediate listeners employed more top-down strategies than the intermediate listeners, whereas there were no significant differences in the use of metacognitive strategies. The results also indicated that cognitive strategies are the most powerful predictor of listening comprehension, followed by socio-affective strategies, whereas metacognitive strategies were the predictor that accounted the least for listening comprehension.

16

Authors: PRODANI Anastasi; GJINALI Aida; GJOKA Sandra

In Albania, the teaching of Spanish language at schools dates back to 1979. It began for the first time in the high school of foreign languages "Asim Vokshi", where only one language was taught as a foreign language despite the fact that other languages such as English, Russian, French were offered , too, and in 1979 German and Italian was also included. The introduction of Spanish language in 1979 was inevitable due to the necessity of using Spanish manuals. It is a known fact that Albania before the '90s was an isolated country with a communist regime and finding manuals for learning Spanish language was fairly difficult. It was impossible to find or to select an adequate manual as there was none. There was no market at all for Spanish books. You could not find Spanish manuals neither in the National Library nor in other regional libraries. In such a situation of total lack, the only source was the personal library of some Spanish people, Marxist- Leninist ones, the first professors of Spanish language in Albania during the ‘70s and the ‘80s, who were members of the Communist (M-L) Party of Spain and came to Albania to teach Spanish but also to help the communist propaganda for the socialist model built in Albania. The purpose of our paper besides presenting a brief history of Spanish language teaching in Albania is also to bring in focus the examination of Spanish manuals used for more than 30 years, analyzing the manuals before and after the '90s, and to see what was offered then and what is offered today when Spanish is taught not only as a Foreign Language (E / LE), but also as a Content-Based Language. Keywords: Curricula, Content-Based Language, E/LE, Albania.