INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

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Authors: DR. HASHMI INTKHAB C, DR. JADHAV SHAILENDRA S

Posterior cerebral artery is terminal branch of the basilar artery and one of the impotent arteries of posterior circulation of the brain. Development of the arteries of posterior circulation is complex event leads to morphological variability in the arteries in post natal life. Posterior cerebral artery also shows three types of variations which are adult type, fetal type and transitional type. Present study was done to know the incidence of these variations. 31 specimens show bilateral adult type and 2 specimens shows bilateral fetal type. In remaining 7 specimens, 2 specimens show adult type on right side and fetal type on left side, 3 specimens shows fetal type on right and adult type on left side, 1 specimen show fetal type on right and transitional type on left side, while another 1 specimen shows transitional type on right and adult type on left side. Knowledge of this variability is required in neurosurgeons especially while performing neuroendoscopic procedures since the arterial network is very delicate in the region.

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Authors: Gupta MK, Singh AK, Bhayal AS, Yadav KP

The hemoglobin (Hb) levels of blood samples from vegetarians and non-vegetarians were determined for the purpose of assessing their nutritional status and making recommendation. Hemoglobin level and pattern of food intake is closely associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases. The cardiovascular diseases are primarily may be due to altered lipid profile which is depend on type and pattern of food intake. Venous blood samples were collected from all the cases to analyze hemoglobin levels along with healthy controls. The hemoglobin (gm%) in vegetarian obese female (case group) was 9.8 ± 0.63 while in control group is 12.5 ± 0.32 respectively. The hemoglobin (gm%) in non-vegetarian obese female (case group) was 12.50 ± 0.33 while in control group is 13.64 ± 0.39 respectively. Thus hemoglobin levels of non-vegetarianism were high in obese female than vegetarian. Due to some nutrients intake, hemoglobin level was better in non-vegetarians than vegetarians. Keywords: Obesity, Hemoglobin, Vegetarian, Non-vegetarian, Cardiac risk

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Authors: Yadav N, Nimje D, Patil K

Calcaneum is the longest, largest tarsal bone. The dorsal surface of calcaneum is having three facets i.e. anterior, middle and posterior. Facet variations are functionally important because they influence subtalar joint stability and suggest that the 2-facet configuration is more stable than the others. 70 calcaneal facets were studied. In that pattern I was predominant and found in 68.5%, pattern II in 21.4%, pattern III in 7.1%, pattern IV in 2.8% and none were of pattern V. Knowledge about variation is important for orthopaedicians while correcting foot deformities like pes planus. Therefore, this study is carried to identify patterns of talar facets on calcaneum and their clinical implications. KEYWORDS: calcaneum, facets for the talus, arthritis, subtalar joint

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Authors: Mohapatra RK, Mohapatra TK, Yadav MK, Mohanty P, Yadav KP

Anaemia is currently one of the most common and intractable nutritional problems globally. Nutritional anaemia in India is common morbidity seen in late adolescent and young female population. There are many conflicting opinions regarding dosage of iron & folic acid supplementation for managing this simple nutritional deficiency disorders. Anaemia has been defined as hemoglobin <12 gm% in adolescent girls, with haemoglobin level between 10-11.9 gm%, 7-9.9 gm% and <7 gm% are termed as mild, moderate and severe anaemia respectively. Haemoglobin estimation was done at the beginning and end of the study. The mean age of study subjects in ‘daily iron & folic acid supplementation’, ‘weekly iron & folic acid supplementation’ and ‘weekly iron & folic acid supplementation with health education’ group was 15.85, 15.76 & 15.72 years respectively. Their mean & SD pre-intervention Haemoglobin was 10.1±0.14gm/dl, 10.3±0.02gm/dl and 9.94±0.13gm/dl respectively. The mean & SD post-intervention Hb was 12.34±0.11 gm/dl, 12.39±0.12 gm/dl and 12.73±0.15gm/dl. Our study shows clearly advantage of weekly iron and folic acid therapy among adolescent school girls of selected schools of Cuttack district over daily iron therapy. Mean rise of haemoglobin% in daily and weekly groups are almost similar whereas adverse drug reaction percentage is less in weekly supplemented Group B & C. KEYWORDS: anaemia, iron supplement, iron, haemoglobin, folic acid

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Authors: Mohapatar TK, Mohapatra RK, Yadav M

Introduction: Micro-vascular complications in type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) is a most common observation. With the improvement of treatment for DM increasing number of diabetic patients live a longer life span resulting in development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and ESRD. Knowledge and evaluation of biochemical markers are essential for detection and treatment of DN as well as its prevention. Once the disease is diagnosed at an early stage measures can be undertaken for postponement of disease process. In the current study we have tried to evaluate the efficacy of some of the common biochemical parameters such as serum urea & creatinine, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), microalbuminuria, creatinine clearance test for early detection of DN. Material and methods: This is a cross sectional study in which 50 patients (n-50) of known type-2 diabetes mellitus (KD), 50 patients (n-50) of newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus (NDD) with similar numbers (n-50) healthy controls (HC) were randomly selected. Blood and urine samples were collected from these cases sent for biochemical analysis which included glucose tolerance test (GTT), serum urea and creatinine, creatinine clearance test, urine for microalbumin and protein. Statistical analyses of each parameter were performed. Results: Mean HbA1c, microalbuminuria and serum creatinine were highest in KD when compare with NDD and controls. Creatinine clearance value were low in KD and bears a significant correlation with duration of diabetes.GTT performed with these subjects showed IGT in NDD patients which is more evident in KD cases. Postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) after two hours showed marked IGT in both NDD and KD cases. Keywords: diabetes, HbA1c, microalbuminuria, nephropathy

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Authors: Raut SE, Pagar AB

Prehypertension is not a disease. But, over a period of time it progresses to hypertension. This can be managed by non-pharmacological interventions like weight reduction, dietary changes & physical activity. Its awareness can help reduce the burden of CVD in society.

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Authors: Bansode TV, Satpute S, Jagtap A

Aim: To identify biochemical markers i. e. Lipid profile and serum uric acid for early diagnosis of preeclampsia. Material and Method: Study consisting of Group A- 55 Non-pregnant normotensive normal women, Group B – 55 women having normal uncomplicated pregnancy without Hypertension and Group C- 55 women with preeclampsia. Fasting venous blood samples were collected during ante partum period and serum levels of Triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Uric Acid were measured. Result: Serum Total Cholesterol is significantly increased (p < 0.001) in group-C (208.34 ±24.88) as compared to group-B (176.4 ± 12.07), Serum Triglycerides are significantly increased (p < 0.001) in group-C (158.27 ± 21.98) as compared to group-B (129.84 ± 11.32), Serum HDL levels are significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in group-C (28.6 ± 4.80) as compared to group-B, 41.72 ± 6.89), Serum LDL levels are significantly increased (p < 0.001) in group-C (137.10 ± 13.75) as compared to group-B, (117.05 ± 11.21 ),Serum VLDL levels are significantly increased (p < 0.001) in group-C (31.4 ± 4.57) as compared to group-B (25.79 ± 2.41), Serum Uric acid levels are significantly increased (p < 0.001) in group-C (7.44 ± 0.81)as compared to group-B (4.08 ± 0.93).Conclusion: The present study is consistent with previous studies suggesting that Plasma lipids appear to be of immense value in understanding the pathogenesis of preeclampsia .

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Authors: Kathole MA, Joshi RA, Jadhav SS, Herekar NG

CONTEXT- Any pathology in intervertebral discs may also affect the intervertebral foramen and spinal canal at that level.The height of intervertebral disc directly affects the size of the intervertebral foramen. So, normal dimensions of intervertebral discs are very important. OBJECTIVE- The present study was carried out to determine the normal height of cervical intervertebral discs in Western Maharashtra Population. The study was carried out in 2011. MATERIAL & METHOD- Normal lateral radiographs of cervical spine of three hundred adult subjects of known age and sex from Western Maharashtra were utilized. These radiographs were obtained from Radiology Department, P. V. P. Government Hospital, Sangli, Radiology Department, Government Medical College, Miraj and other colleges and private practitioners in the region of Western Maharashtra. RESULT- The study showed that, the height of intervertebral discs goes on increasing from C2-C3 to C5-C6; thereafter it decreases from C5-C6 to C6-C7, in both sexes. Thus, the mean height of intervertebral disc at the level of C5-C6 was greater than the other interverbral discs of cervical spine, in both sexes. It also showed statistically significant difference in their mean values of males and females, indicating the sexual dimorphism as well as evidence of racial variation. CONCLUSION- Careful study of this parameter can be used in radiological detection of clinical conditions like prolapsed intervertebral disc, etc. The value of mean heights of intervertebral disc less than lower limit of calculated range, suggests some pathology at that particular intervertebral disc level such as prolapsed intervertebral disc, etc. Such cases need further investigations and clinical evaluation. Thus, the normal dimensions of intervertebral discs of cervical spine, determined from present study, can be used as reference values for evaluating various clinical conditions in the cervical spine in Western Maharashtra population.