European Journal of Medicine

Number 5 (2), 2017

3-8
Study of Leishmaniasis Disease: A Systematic Review

Authors: Wasan Addai Al-Marsomy

Abstract

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Number of views: 97

Sand flies are characterized by their inability to fly continuously and spread over a wide range, as they rarely spread more than one kilometer away from their breeding areas. It was found that wind does not affect the intensity of its spread, but on the contrary, these insects are ineffective when the wind speed is more than one kilometer per second and resort to their homes when the wind blows. Leishmaniasis has been known for a long time and is still one of the ten most important infectious diseases in the world, in addition to being a public health problem in many countries of Africa, South America, Central and South West Asia and Indian subcontinent. It is also one of diseases endemic in Iraq and parasite has caused a healthy problem to be underestimated in Southern Iraq, especially in Dhi Qar Governorate. Leishmaniasis is a main careless tropical disease related with high attribution of disability and death. This illness is linked with destitution, which can be reflected in housing housing quality, especially in rural territory. This sickness is transported amidst mammalian hosts through bites of blood sucking vector sand fly. So, Lack of realization among local societies also decrease the efficiency of reservoir host and vector control schemes. Until now parasites transition to mammalian host has never been immediately determined, so this disease has a great impact to public good health of Individuals. The form of protozoan parasite is closely related to pathogenicity. Therefore, many instant actions must done in order to excess scientific information on this disease and higher achievement, of the patients and observation programmers need be carried out by raise realization around the sickness between common public and stringent sharing of local society in surveillance and safeguard actions.

31-42
Biophysical Research of ZEOLITH detox and ZEOLITH Creme of the Company

Authors: Lava Vitae a, Ignat Ignatov

Abstract

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Number of views: 519

We studied the mathematical model of interaction with water of natural mineral and microporous crystalline mineral ZEOLITH detox and ZEOLITH Creme of LavaVitae Company (Austria). In this report are submitted data about the interaction of ZEOLITH detox and ZEOLITH Crème with water, obtained by non-equilibrium (NES) and differential-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of water. The average energy (∆EH... O) of hydrogen Н…O-bonds among individual molecules H2O after treatment of ZEOLITH detox with water measured by NES- and DNES-methods is ∆E=-0.0034±0.0011 eV for ZEOLITH detox. The average energy (∆EH... O) of hydrogen Н…O-bonds among individual molecules H2O after treatment of ZEOLITH detox with water measured by NES- and DNES-methods is ∆E=-0.0034±0.0011 eV for ZEOLITH detox. The average energy (∆EH... O) of hydrogen Н…O-bonds among individual molecules H2O after treatment of ZEOLITH detox with water measured by NES- and DNES-methods is ∆E=-0.007±0.0011 eV for ZEOLITH Creme. These results suggest the restructuring of ∆EH... O values among H2O molecules with a statistically reliable increase of local extremums in DNES-spectra. The research is performed for ZEOLITH detox with study of pH and oxidative reduction potential (ORP).

43-55
Research with Model Systems in Biophysics and Biochemistry of Bioinfluence of Dimitar Risimanski

Authors: Ignat Ignatov

Abstract

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Number of views: 559

This paper presents the results of evaluation of possible biophysical methods and approaches for registering of various non-ionizing radiation (NIR) wave types of the human body in the electromagnetic and optical range. Many types of NIR (electromagnetic waves, infrared radiation, thermo radiation, bioluminescence) emitted from the human body were reviewed. In particular the results on of spontaneous biophoton emission and delayed luminescence from the human body are submitted along with infrared thermography (IRT) results. It was shown that 1 cm2 of skin generally emits 85 photones for 1s. The intensity of biophoton emission ranges from 10−19 to 10−16 W/cm2 (approx. 1–1000 photons.cm-2.s-1). The specific photon emission from part of the human thumb was detected as a spectrum of various colors with the method of Color coronal spectral analysis on a device with an electrode made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET hostafan) with applied electric voltage 15 kV, electric impulse duration 10 s, and electric current frequency 15 kHz. It was established that photons corresponding to a red color emission of visible electromagnetic spectrum have energy at 1.82 еV. The orange color of visible electromagnetic spectrum has energy at 2.05, yellow – 2.14, blue-green (cyan) – 2.43, blue – 2.64, and violet – 3.03 eV. The reliable result measurement norm was at E ≥ 2.53 eV, while the spectral range of the emission was within 380–495 nm and 570–750 nm±5 nm. Also were estimated some important physical characteristics (energy of hydrogen bonds, wetting angle, surface tension) of water by the methods of non-equilibrium energy (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy (DNES) spectrum of water, that helps understand in general how electromagnetic radiation interacts with water and establish the structural characteristics of water.

56-63
Action of Cytisinum on the Transport Mediators and Calcium Channel of Glutamatergic Neurotransmitter Systems of the NMDA Receptor

Authors: Nozim N. Khoshimov, K.E. Nasirov

Abstract

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Background: The purpose of this study was the effect of the alkaloid Cytisinum regulation of the calcium channels of brain synaptosomes in rats. This enables the regulation of the transport of mediator’s glutamatergic neurotransmitter receptors. Methods: The study was carried out using the Weilers method. Synaptosomes were isolated from the brain of rats by a two-step centrifugation method. The entire isolation procedure was carried out at 4°C. To measure the amount of cytosolic Ca2+ synaptosomes were calculated by the Grinkevich equation. Results: Increase in the concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) caused by glutamate, primarily due to activation of membrane permeability, movement of Ca2+ into the cell and release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Cytisinum does not compete with glutamate for the binding site. Perhaps the effect of Cytisinum is due to the interaction with the ion channels of NMDA receptors. Cytisinum is able to interact with the glutamate binding site of the NMDA receptor and allosteric modulating sites located on the membrane of the ion channels. In these studies it was shown that in the presence of Cytisinum, the inhibitory effect of magnesium ions (10 μM) is not observed. This is probably due to competition between Mg2+ and Cytisinum over sites that stimulate the opening of ion channels. Perhaps there is a competition between Cytisinum and nifedipine for the site of regulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels. Conclusion: The action of the alkaloid of Cytisinum is due to the interaction with the ion channels of NMDA receptors. Cytisinum is able to interact with the glutamate binding site of the NMDA receptor and the allosteric modulating sites. There is competition between Mg2+ and Cytisinum over sites that stimulate the opening of ion channels and in nifedipine for the site of regulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels.

Number 5 (1), 2017

4-10
A Comparative Evaluation of Accelerated Radiotherapy Versus Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy in Management of Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer

Authors: Ashok Kumar Chauhan, Tinku Takia, Nupur Bansal, Paramjeet Kaur, Anil Khurana, Yashpal Verma

Abstract

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Number of views: 481

Background: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate and compare the outcome of accelerated radiotherapy versus conventional chemoradiation in patients of head and neck cancers. Methods: The study was conducted on patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients were treated with radical external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Group I was given accelerated radiotherapy with dose of 66 Gy/33 fractions/5.3weeks/6 fractions per week and Group II was given conventional radiotherapy with dose of 66 Gy/33 fractions/6.3weeks/ 5 fractions per week along with cisplatin weekly. The response of primary tumor and lymph node were assessed. Acute radiation reactions were assessed on weekly basis. All the patients were re-examined monthly after the completion of treatment and analysed till six months of follow up. Results: Patients were followed for six months after the completion of treatment. At the end of treatment, grade II & grade III acute skin reactions were seen in 53.3% of the patients in group I and 43.3% of the patients in group II. In group I, 63.3% of the patients experienced severe acute mucosal reactions, in comparison to 46.7% in group II. Overall the complete response was seen in 63.3% (19/30) of the patients in group I and in 73.3% (22/30) of the patients in group II. Conclusion: The arm with conventional treatment with weekly cisplatin has shown slightly better outcomes in terms of disease control and toxicity profile in comparison to the arm with accelerated radiotherapy.

11-16
Effects of Obesity on Labour

Authors: Adriana Repkova, Denisa Vydrnakova, Dana Farkasova, Hana Padysakova, Jana Hrabcakova, Elena Ziakova

Abstract

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Number of views: 449

The article focuses on effects of obesity on labour. The aim of the retrospective study was to reveal, if obesity has impact on duration of pregnancy and the means of conducting labour. Altogether, 960 obstetric documentary, which fulfilled our classification criteria. We have found out that a woman’s BMI influences the type of labour and its mechanism. We recommend to monitor weight gain in pregnancy and to focus on educational program concerning weight reduction in the pre-conception period.

17-28
Diagnostic Challenges and Treatment Conflicts for Pure Primary Non Gestational Choriocarcinoma Ovary

Authors: Abhishek Soni, Nupur Bansal, Monica Verma, Vivek Kaushal, G K Jadhav, Sapna Manocha

Abstract

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Number of views: 446

Pure primary NGCO (non-gestational choriocarcinoma of ovary) is a type of ovarian germ cell tumor with elevated human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), posing diagnostic challenges in the patients of reproductive age group. Clinically and histopathologically, NGCO is indistinguishable from GCO. The both are differentiated on the basis of DNA polymorphism analysis and presence of mRNA for BMG (β2-microglobulin) in NGCO. Diagnostic criteria set by Saito et al helps to make a diagnosis of NGCO. It is possible to cure NGCO while preserving fertility, which is an important consideration as most are young age group patients. As these are rare tumors, recommendations for treatment of primary nongestational choriocarcinomas are not available. The principles of surgical management of NGCO are similar to the ovarian epithelial tumors. GCO is treated by methotrexate based chemotherapy, but some studies reported that NGCO is resistant to this chemotherapy, and it requires more aggressive combination chemotherapy as later has bad prognosis as compared to GCO. Various chemotherapy regimens are BEP, EMA/CO, EMA/EP, VAC etc. The serial quantitative measurement of urinary or serum β-hCG is essential for diagnosis, monitoring efficacy of the treatment, and follow-up of the patients. Role of radiation therapy is limited as a palliative setting in metastatic NGCO. In this article, we have tried to conclude the diagnostic methods and best possible treatment protocol.