Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

1-5

Authors: Amit Kant Singh, Kirti Jaiswal, KM Shukla, Santosh Kumar Sant, Sandeep Kumar, A N Gayassudin Hyder

Background & Objectives: Arterial blood pressure is an important physiological parameter in epidemiology of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension has been reported to be generally associated with sympathetic over activity. In the study of hypertension, several authors have made use of a technique, known as Cold Presser Test. It was designed to measure the reactivity of blood pressure to a standard stimulus. Thus this study was undertaken to evaluate the response to the standard stimulus in the school going children. Methods: The study was conducted on healthy school children between the age group of 6.5 years to 11.5 years. The blood pressure was recorded using the standard auscultatory technique and cold pressure test was done as described by Hines & Brown (1932). Individuals were categorized into two groups, depending on their reactivity to cold pressure test as norm reactors (NR) and hyper-reactors (HR). Results: The significant increase (p<0.05) in post-test SBP and DBP was observed in the subjects with the ages of 8.5 years and above. The magnitude of increase in SBP and DBP is in inverse proportion to the age of the subjects. The percentage of hyper- reactors showed an increasing trend with the age. Interpretation & Conclusions: As the age has inverse proportion the increase of blood pressure the younger age group children need more caring approach both in school and home and as the percentage of hyper- reactors increase with age and class level this indicates the role of academic level influencing the blood pressure reactivity.

11-15

Authors: Ishaan Kalavatia, Shashikant Agarwal, Ajay Ku. Bhargava, Atul Tiwari4, M. Hamid

The present study conducted on 100 patients with the aim that ADA estimation is a simple cheaper and quicker biochemical test and could provide additional supportive evidence for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion in clinically suspected cases and will therefore help in early institution of therapy to these patients. The data was collected and interpreted at department of Physiology and Department of Biochemistry, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan.

21-25

Authors: Sainu Susan Oommen

Introduction: The wrist is a complex joint that serves as the link between the forearm and hand and is critical for many upper extremity movements. An understanding of distal end of ulna anatomy allows for appreciation of the biomechanics of wrist movement, which helps the clinician to understand injury patterns, perform an efficient history and physical examination, and improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment decisions. Keeping this in mind, anatomy of distal end of ulna is studied on south Indian population. Methods: The distal end of 100 ulnae (50 of each sides) of unknown sex from the Anatomy department of Fr. muller medical college, Mangalore were studied for natural variation in the shape and width of pole, height of the seat, width of fovea and shape and size of styloid process. Results: The average width of pole was 5.13mm.84% of pole showed kidney shape. The average maximum height of seat was 6.5mm and 65% showed sloping. The average width of fovea was 4.32mm and 36% showed absence of vascular foramina. The length of styloid process recorded was 5.6mm and 4% of left ulnae showed absence of styloid process. Also noted that 18% absence in groove of ECU. Conclusion: Careful observation of the lower end of ulna shows that it is made up of four main parts, viz, seat, pole, fovea and styloid process. These parts play an important role in anatomy and physiology of DRUJ and wrist. Any alterations in the morphometric and morphology can produce various clinical conditions like perforation of TFCC, ulnar impaction syndrome, ulnar styloid triquetral impaction syndrome. Keywords: distal end of ulna, head of ulna, seat, styloid process

31-36

Authors: Harpreet Kour, V.A.Kothivale, Shivaprasad S.Goudar

Background and Objectives: Diabetes Mellitus is a multifaceted metabolic disease that can have devastating effects on multiple organs in the body and in the long run with micro and macro vascular complications that cause significant morbidity and mortality. Cognitive dysfunctions and impaired memory are commonly seen in patients with T2DM. The present study was to investigate cognitive function i.e. various domains of Memory of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to study the effects of short term structured exercise therapy of eight weeks would improve various domains of memory in diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of age group 20-45 years. Methods: 30 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were enrolled in Diabetic control group. The structured exercise therapy was given to diabetic group after measuring baseline parameters. 30 normal healthy sex and age matched healthy control were enrolled under normal control group. HbAIc, BMI, and various domains of memory functions were measured. Results: Patients on Interventional therapy showed statistically significant improvement in attention and concentration (p< 0.001), Immediate recall (p < 0.05), verbal retention for similar pairs (p < 0.05), and visual retention (p < 0.05) Interpretation and Conclusion: Exercise therapy along with dietary control and anti-diabetic medication will have a positive influence on various domains of memory functions.

42-45

Authors: Nikha Bhardwaj, Dushyant Agrawal, Vineeta Tewari, Brijendra Singh, M.S.Siddiqui

Introduction: The knowledge of the neurovascular relationships of the infratemporal region is relevant in dentistry and surgery. Aims and objective: To study the variations of nerves and maxillary artery in human cadavers through infratemporal dissection. The branches from the posterior division of the mandibular nerve studied and analyzed for abnormal course and branches. Material and method: 85 human cadavers were dissected and studied. Result: A rare type of bilateral communication between the auriculotemporal and inferior alveolar nerve is reported in this study. This communicating nerve is neither related to maxillary artery which is superficial to lateral pterygoid muscle in this case, nor it is related to origin of mylohoid nerve (these type of variations are described in most of the previous studies).Other variations are deep course of maxillary artery, variations in origin of nerve to mylohyoid etc.

51-55

Authors: Tejashwini. V. Basarigidad, Saryu Sain, Spoorthi. B. S

traocular pressure varies throughout the night and day. The diurnal variation for normal eyes is between 3-6mmHg and the variation may increase in glaucomatous eyes. Hence, we wanted to investigate the effect of exercise on intraocular pressure changes in relation to Body Mass Index. The effect of exercise on intraocular pressure and blood pressure was evaluated in our clinical laboratory in 30 voluntary 1st year Medical Students of Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga, after the institutional ethical clearance. Materials used in the study were Schizont tonometer, Measuring tape, Weighing Scale, Treadmill and Paracaine eye drops. After a resting period, the subject’s height and weight were recorded. Paracaine eye drops were instilled in both the eyes and then intraocular pressure recorded using Schizont Tonometer after 2 min so that anaesthetics acts. Then they were asked to walk on Treadmill with average speed till they were exhausted, again intraocular pressure was noted as above with all aseptic precautions. The statistical analysis was done using students unpaired t- test using SPSS software. Results were expressed in terms of Mean and Standard deviation. P value was taken significant at 5 percent confidence level (p<0.05). Results: Intraocular pressure was measured according to BMI under two groups, first with group having BMI less than 22 and other in group having BMI more than 22. There was a significant decrease in intraocular pressure after exercise in group two with BMI more than 22. Gender wise comparison of intraocular pressure both before and after exercise did not reveal much significance. Blood pressure was also recorded both before and after exercise which did not reveal any significance in relation to BMI. From our study we conclude that exercise has significantly decreased the intraocular pressure and has a correlation with body mass index in young age group.