Photonics and Optoelectronics

85-95

Authors: M. A. Shams El-Din, H. H. Wahba, C. Wochnowski, F. Vollertsen

In this paper, a temperature controlled UV-laser lithographic method for the fabrication of integrated-optical polymeric waveguides is presented. The fabricated integrated-optical polymeric waveguides are examined at different processing temperatures. The influence of the temperature on the refractive index depth distribution and thus on the mode field distribution, the number of modes and the effective refractive index of each mode, respectively, is investigated. The refractive index depth profile of the integrated-optical polymeric waveguides is examined by using the Mach-Zehnder interferometric method and an image processing technique. The interference phase differences are extracted in order to determine the refractive index depth profiles of the fabricated optical waveguides. After determining the refractive index depth distribution experimentally, the data of the refractive index depth distribution are employed to calculate the mode field distribution, mode numbers and the effective refractive indices.

105-109

Authors: Yaping Yang

This paper reviews the progress of the passive optical network, and discusses a viable means for the realisation of future generation agile gigabits passive optical networks, (GPONs) by the use of low cost narrow band tunable lasers and arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs). It projectes a two-stage strategy for the realisation of future generation agile GPONs, i.e., the near-term Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed Gigabits Passive Optical Networks (TWDM-GPONs) and the ultimate Wavelength Division Multiplexed Gigabits Passive Optical Networks (WDM-GPONs). It also presents typical practical designs of narrow band tunable lasers and arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) for the agile GPONs.

114-118

Authors: Benkhaouda Soufyane, Sher Zaman, Xin JianGuo

Due to high demand of debris free and high conversion efficiency target for EUV lithography source, We introduce in this article Low-density nanomaterials tin dioxide and tin mono oxide targets for this source. The targets were prepared by refluxing and hydrothermal methods using SnCl2. 2H2O as a precursor. SnO2 spheres like and SnO sheets like images were observed from scanning electron microscopy. The crystal structures of SnO2 and SnO were confirmed by X-Ray diffractions. EUV signal from SnO target at low Nd:YAG energy pulses were more stronger than SnO2.