Economica

11

Authors: Diana IGNATIUC

The competitiveness level of the national economic complex can be considered both a basic feature and one of the determinants of sustainable development of the country, and the achievement of this goal requires restructuring efforts, political will, actions and effective strategies. Institutional competitiveness of the national economy can be defined as a system of properties, methods, formal and informal rules that offers a series of competitive advantages, a system of economic relations, based on order and actions of efficient use and increasing the potential of economic agents. The article describes methodological bases of formation and the main components of the institutional competitiveness of the national economy, as well as the relationship and interdependence between the national competitiveness and the institutional aspects of the national economy development. The article also defines complex integrated indicators that reflect the basic elements of the institutional mechanism of competitiveness.

13

Authors: Olesea PLOTNIC, Dorin DULGHERU

Unfair commercial practices are part of the institution of consumer protection law, which establishes the economic interests of consumers, being regulated at the national level by Law no. 105-XV of 13.03.2003 (art. 13-15) and at the European level by Directive 2005/29/EC on unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market. At present, unfair commercial practices are found in any actions and/or omissions in trade, consumers being tempted and encouraged to buy products or benefit from services that they would not normally have contracted, or the will of consumers is influenced by the actions and/or omissions of the professional through deception and aggression, with the ultimate goal of obtaining an excessive economic advantage over the vulnerable consumer for certain categories of products and/or services.

15

Authors: Stela CIOBU, Ion CARA

The topic of the article is of major importance for Moldovan banks as even some progress has been made in corporate governance in banks in recent years, its organization is still insufficiently developed. The article addresses the topic of corporate governance as an element of administration in banks in the Republic of Moldova, explaining the particularities of its use in banks. As a result of the research, it was identified that the quality of corporate governance has a significant importance on the efficiency of administration and the performance of banks in the Republic of Moldova. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a wide information support is analysed, including: reports and publications of the NBM, other banks, international financial institutions, normative acts, etc. The applied research methodology is mainly based on secondary data, using quantitative analysis based on the use of scientific research methods, including synthesis method, comparative analysis, observation method, induction and deduction.

17

Authors: Olesea PLOTNIC, Elena CIOCHINA, Felicia Catalina RACOARE (APETROI)

The protection of human health is certainly a matter of the utmost importance to humanity, hence the due attention given everywhere at the current stage to theoretical and practical issues, aiming at the fundamental rights and freedoms of the beneficiary of medical services. The doctrinal approach to the issue of the rights of the consumer of medical services involves taking into account a wide range of issues and implications of a political, economic, cultural nature, as well as the particularities of historical development and stages of development. The reasoning regarding the application of consumer status concerning health services derives from two opposite views. Firstly from a protectionist perspective, which refers to the use of consumer law to protect patients, and secondly, from the perspective of introducing the health sector in a market logic, by the same conception. The purpose of the research is to highlight several doctrinal theories regarding the status of the consumer in medical services.

21

Authors: Eduard TUGUI, Angela SECRIERU

The study highlights the issue of including migrant workers in the financial contribution scheme to the health system in the Republic of Moldova. The right to healthcare of migrant workers is becoming a topical issue for an interconnected world in which hundreds of millions of workers are employed outside their countries of origin. The COVID- 19 pandemic has revived interest in medical services for migrant workers, but academic interest is seen predominantly from the perspective of migrant host states, not countries of origin. The research of the medical system financing, by including migrant workers, contributes to the modification and completion of normative acts regarding the health economy with theses related to the inclusion of migrants in the health systems of the countries of origin and, at the same time financing the medical system in the Republic of Moldova and ensuring social justice.