Economica

7

Authors: Aliona MANTALUTA

The emergence of the notion of lobbying in the economic-political area of the Republic of Moldova has been felt predominantly during the last 10 years, although this activity has roots based on the declaration of state independence. In this context we ascertain the topicality of the theme of lobbyism as an element of scientific research. The paper aims at defining the theoretical and conceptual approach of the notion of lobby. It presents its evolution and analyses the direct and indirect types of lobby. The used methods as analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc. intend to present a wide general frame of the use of this notion, in the Republic of Moldova. The expected results tend to make a delimitation of lobby from other specific actions as influence traffic and corruption. This differentiation will contribute to a better understanding of the lobby concept.

8

Authors: Andrei PETROIA, Ivan BANU

The study addresses issues related to the use of information technology in the field of financial organizations. In addition, the authors considered the sources of cybersecurity risks in these organizations and the mechanisms of the impact of their consequences on the main financial risks. As a result of the study, the authors cited key activities aimed at reducing cybersecurity risks and related to the development and creation of internal controls and the use of internal security tools, such as the use of physical information protection tools, basic electronic information protection tools, the use of data encryption during transmission information in electronic format (end-to-end protection), as well as other methods to minimize risks.

11

Authors: Daniela DERMENGI

This article refers to the principles formulated by the Basel Committee on the organization and role of the compliance function within banking financial institutions. Also, the provisions of the national financial legislation and the manner in which the proposals of the Basel Committee were reflected in the local regulatory framework are analysed. The compliance with the Basel III standards is the main challenge for the national banking system, and the main normative acts for implementing the standards show that the National Bank of Moldova has adopted all the principles imposed by the Basel Committee, regarding the compliance function. Some provisions of the legislative acts issued by the NBM are even a word-by-word account of the Basel principles.

11

Authors: Evghenii POPESCU

The relationship between the business environment and the customs service is an integral part of the activity of the customs authorities. Taking into account the connection between the globalization and the world trade, consolidation of economic security and facilitation of the international chain of the supply of goods, acceleration and simplification of the customs procedures, increase of the saturation of information features of goods subjected to the customs control, the collaboration between the Customs Service and business environment is presented to be of primary importance. Customs cooperation presents a set of measures for the interaction with the authorities of the foreign states and of the international organizations in the customs domain in general, as well as of the customs clearance and control procedures in particular. The issues of the customs cooperation are under the jurisdiction of the Department of Institutional Coordination of the Customs Service of the Republic of Moldova.

13

Authors: Luigi POPESCU, Larisa MISTREAN

The study of taxes has been an important concern of a great number of economists of all times, doctrines and currents of economic thinking. This paper presents some representative opinions of some foreign and Romanian, classic and contemporary economists regarding taxes. This study also provides a scientific selection of the opinions regarding the actual tax instruments, in order to group the main theories about taxes by author (school, direction of thinking), or theories elaborated by them, ideas that Romanian taxation has taken more or less in its practice.

16

Authors: Mariana Rodica TIRLEA, Iulita BIRCA

Financing represents one of the major problems for the implementation of the “Iulita’s roses garden”, as financing involves, in addition to the funds obtained from the European financing, also a contribution of the beneficiary. Obtaining sources for co-financing is difficult, sometimes even impossible, given that financial resources are limited and access to bank credits implies the fulfilment of requirements and conditions imposed by the bank. Co-financing may be provided either from own sources or from attracted sources that are reimbursable. Under this project, bank credit represents the solution for co-financing the project. The purpose of the research, carried out in this paper, is to identify the sources attracted by the financing of the nature of the bank credits for the beneficiary of the project entitled “Iulita’s roses garden” for the co-financing part of the project. Undoubtedly, the realization of this project will contribute to the development of the rural environment

19

Authors: Luigi POPESCU, Larisa MISTREAN, Magdalena RADULESCU

We could note the fact that all the theories related to taxes tend to justify their need, both for the state and for the taxpayers, hiding the fact that they are more favourable to the state than to the taxpayers. Having formulated these theories, the authorities strive to justify the extent of taxation and fiscal pressure; they want to demonstrate a certain horizontal and vertical fiscal equity, which in reality, most of the time, does not exist in practice. These fiscal theories have tried to prove, more or less scientifically, the increase of fiscal pressure by imposing new taxes and fees or by increasing the size of existing taxes, they have tried to motivate the quality of taxes as an instrument for regulating the economy, in the sense that they had to maintain inflation for certain periods at a certain level, they have sought to emphasize the need to redistribute income and wealth from taxpayers to the state. It is known, however, that the state, by means of its ruling parties, protects its interests and, in particular, protects certain categories of taxpayers, who are loyal to it.

8

Authors: Natalia STEFIRTA

Global financial and economic crisis has made it necessary to keep pace with the mainstreaming of economic policies and financial sector regulation. Crisis has shown that the targeted inflation and micro-prudential banking sector can be poorly effective in countering risky and systemic risk implementations. The risk of systemic risk is determined by macro-prudential norms, which regulate the system's risk in dynamics (contingency norms), and that the probability of the risky problem of the institutional problem of the banking system/ financial system is likely. Where monetary policies are concerned, options may be included in a set of targeted central bank assets or the pace of lending.

8

Authors: Ilinca GOROBEŢ

At the current stage, with the development and introduction of Fintech on scale, it is difficult to predict the configuration of the banking industry over a not too distant time horizon. Thus, it is imperative the research of the banking industry, which is continuously dynamic and dependent on three coordinates: IT technologies, regulations and the collaborative or shared economy. Thus, as a pillar of research will serve the vulnerabilities of today's banking industry and the need to adapt to the ever-changing economy. Analysis, induction and deduction will be used as research methods. As a result of the research, we analyse some scenarios based on which we could assess the banking industry in the coming years.

9

Authors: Valentin POPA

STATISTICAL SURVEY “UNICA” can be defined as a cumulative statistical work gathered under a single umbrella called UNICA, hence the name for “unique” research that assimilates the following works: IND TS – Short-term statistical indicators in industry; CON TS – Indicates shortterm statistics in construction; SERV TS – Indicates short-term statistics in services; S1/INV – Indicates short-term statistics from other activities. Each questionnaire tracks the turnover of industry, commerce and services, new orders in industry and construction, industrial physical production, value of construction works, number of employees, earnings and value of investments made.For the purpose desired in the present article, I have chosen to present the data processed, anonymised, aggregated from micro-data into synthetic data and metadata, the investigation “IND TS – Indicators for short-term statistics in industry” being defined for the period chosen for both SMEs with system for innovation, development and for those who have a traditional system.

11

Authors: Ludmila POPA, Angela SECRIERU

Internal audit of the public sector has established its position and role in the public finance management system of the Republic of Moldova. The managers of public institutions and authorities are increasingly aware of the importance and added value of establishing an effective internal audit function in their entities. This publication aims to analyze the issue of sizing the internal audit structures, taking into account the implementation of quality assurance tools recommended by international standards and good practices in the field. Internal audit activity, like any other activity within an entity, needs proper resources to support its performance in order to achieve the objectives for which this activity has been created. For this purpose, a general analysis of the criteria for estimating the resource for internal audit subdivisions will be taken into account.

12

Authors: Nicolae PLATON, Tatiana JURAVELI

Interest in tourism business has grown steadily throughout the world, and also in the Republic of Moldova, especially in the last period when the country's population has obtained the freedom to travel as a result of the liberalization of the visa regime with the countries of the European Union. Once this regime was obtained, the tourism business environment was conditioned to diversify its tourism offers by increasing the tourism destination portfolio. But in order to expand the range of tourism destinations, there is a need for international cooperation with various suppliers of tourism services and products, especially with various tour operators. Under these circumstances, international cooperation becomes an essential element of the development strategies of the tourism enterprises, while through their achievement, there is aimed at the better utilization of the possibilities of commercial expansion.

18

Authors: Elena LOMACA, Nicoleta BARBUTA-MISU

The paper aims to present the real estate sector in Romania and Portugal with the trends of evolution and its importance in the economy of the two countries. The analysis is focused on the following indicators: the construction volume index, the construction cost index, the number of enterprises, the number of persons employed, the turnover, the weight in the Gross Domestic Product, etc. The analysis of the indicators shows a downward trend until 2012- 2013, followed by a growth trend, but without reaching the level of turnover in the year 2008 in Portugal. In contrast, turnover in Romania declined until 2012, but then gradually increased, reaching in the year 2015 the value of 2008, and in 2017 there was an increase of 13.11% compared to the maximum level of the year 2008.

9

Authors: Liubovi ARICOVA

The relevance of this article is due to the wide use of achievements in marketing, which lead to an increase in the importance of the positioning strategy for an effective work of the company in the conditions of increased competition. The purpose of the study is the analysis and classification of product positioning strategies, consideration of various approaches and opinions of domestic and foreign scientists to the classification of positioning strategies, identification of strategic alternatives when choosing a strategy. The driven conclusion proves that the proposed classification of the product positioning strategy will contribute to the effective development and selection of the functioning strategy of domestic enterprises in the market.

11

Authors: Alina TIMOTIN

This paper comes with recommendations for curriculum developers in medical education at undergraduate and master level, as well as for teachers, regarding the application of social marketing in the field of public health. The study is an applicative one, uses methods of pedagogical research and comprises two stages: (1) testing the knowledge level of School of Public Health Management master students of Nicolae Testemitanu SUMPh before and after the Marketing Health Services course; and (2) analyzing the educational plans, undergraduate level, on the presence of social marketing issues (Nicolae Testemitanu SUMPh of the Republic of Moldova and three universities in Romania). It has been demonstrated that the knowledge of master students on social marketing is growing substantially, and the concept is tangentially taught in the undergraduate level and is recommended to be included in the curriculum.

13

Authors: Irina CALUGAREANU

This study is intended to research the requirements, components, and characteristics of regional infrastructure studies and its influence on the social-economic system taking into account that successful functioning of regional socioeconomic systems depends on certain conditions that lend the effective development of material production and the social environment opportunity. The key role in making these conditions plays the region’s infrastructure that serves a particular territory and is therefore closely linked to it. On the one hand, the realization of the economic potential of the region implies certain requirements regarding the functioning of the infrastructure but, on the other hand, the opportunities offered by the infrastructure lead to the adjustment of the socio-economic priorities and directions of the regional development. Therefore, the problems of a harmonious development of the regions, in one way or another, requires the development of infrastructure based on the principles, international standards that need to be included in the contemporary model for the Republic of Moldova infrastructure improvement.

13

Authors: Simion MIJA

An important technical aspect in the modelling process of the monetary policy oriented towards price stability includes econometric technics used for estimating the unobservable variables. These estimations increase the capacity of assessing the monetary conditions, the sectorial inflationary pressures, namely the inflationary pressures from the economic activity. The applied the econometric methods are considered in specialised literature as alternative estimating methods with operative result in order to provide a basis for the estimation of unobservable variables. In the current conditionsб where the variety and access to data is omnipresent, the complementary factor is the skill to apply the econometric methods that increase significantly the ability for extracting their added value.

14

Authors: Natalia LOBANOV

The article analyses the evolution and changes made in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) since its launch in 2004. It shows that the change of the socio-economic situation and a series of conflicts in the neighbourhood of the European Union have resulted in the elaboration of new priorities and mechanisms for achieving this policy. It also analyses the characteristics of the new ENP, the initiatives of regional cooperation in the ENP, the performances of the Republic of Moldova according to the Eastern Partnership Index. It is noted that the ENP will take into account to a greater degree the partners’ priorities, which can vary significantly from one country to another. Such a correlation will allow for the reflection in the ENP activities not only of the interests of the EU Member States but also of their neighbours; it will contribute to involving the partners in the development of the main directions of this policy; and it will also contribute towards the optimal allocation of funds and joint responsibility for the results achieved.

15

Authors: Ran BERGMANN, Tudor BRAGARU

There are quite a lot of work on programming, design and architectural practices in software development, while improvements and organizational actions to ensure quality in project management are ignored by software developers. In order to fill this gap, the paper presents a brief analysis of good practices embedded into current international quality standards in the context of information project management (IPs), quality assurance of information systems (IS), systems and software applications. At the same time, standards only say what needs to be done, but they do not say how to do it. The paper attempts to elucidate the actions needed to implement a quality corporate system and a brief presentation of quality models to help users select and develop their software quality models according to their own mission and strategy.

9

Authors: Angela BELOBROV, Dumitru GIRDEA

The purpose of the article is to examine the issue of granting state aid in the form of tax incentives and how the process of granting these support measures can be improved by respecting the rational and efficient use of state resources. Given that the national public budget is made up significantly from the financial resources collected through taxes and duties, any state aid in the form of a tax break is to be granted in an estimated, controlled, monitored and evaluated manner. Improving the process of granting state aid must be carried out as a result of some economic analysis, being justified in order to overcome a market failure proportionally to the problem and offsetting from enterprises aimed at achieving the performance indicators.

12

Authors: Alina CARADJA

The purpose of the present investigation is to analyse the evolution of demographic phenomenon in the Republic of Moldova and to determine their role on the human potential of agriculture as a basic branch in rural area. As a result of the investigation there were identified a series of labour market issues in rural area with a major impact on the agricultural sector. An analysis of the human potential of agriculture was made, being found the downward trend of the target indicators. In conclusion, it was mentioned the necessity to pay a special attention to demographic issues and to implement new approaches and mechanisms aimed to increase the quantity and quality of the human potential of the rural environment and, implicitly, the human factor of agricultural production.

13

Authors: Aliona DRON

Under the conditions of today’s knowledge based economy, the role of human resources within organizations has become imminent, being directly involved in their success and performance. Although the financial aspect is the most important in employee motivation, it is no longer the only way to reward the work done and sustained efforts. Previous models and structures need to be rethought to deal with current economic and social realities. The reward policy should contain the same directions as the organization’s overall strategy, while generating employee performance and efficiency at the company level. Therefore, developing and adopting an effective and appropriate compensation and benefits strategy, correlated with the company’s strategy to attract and make the employees more loyal, should become a priority for local company managers. To be effective, however, it is necessary to take into account fairness, market competitiveness, communication and understanding by the employees, highlighting the possibilities of professional development.

16

Authors: Larisa TRIFONOVA

The article analyses the main prerequisites and directions for improving the process of internationalization of higher education in the Republic of Moldova, as one of the driving forces and factors promoting European integration. The results of original research confirm the existence of certain conditions for the effective development of the process of internationallization of higher education services. In order to develop a high-quality mechanism for the internationalization of educational services in the Republic of Moldova, the following solutions are proposed: development of tourism educational potential, establishment of foreign student selection centres in Moldovan universities, creating conditions for distance education and franchising of educational services, etc. Improving higher education in Moldovan universities in the process of internationalization will allow the higher education system to simplify the transition to common European values. The Republic of Moldova has the prerequisites for the conscious and logical development of educational values, the internationalization of the higher education system while preserving national identity and the positive features of higher education in the Republic of Moldova.

17

Authors: Ana CIRLAN

Business incubators have the role of stimulating development of small and medium enterprises by offering workspace at promotional prices, access to finance, business support and consulting services. Supported by international development partners, the Republic of Moldova created two main types of business incubators: classic and innovative. The purpose of this article is to analyse the evolution of incubators in the Republic of Moldova and their contribution to the development of the business environment. The article includes: (a) structuring and systematizing statistical information on incubator activity; (b) quantitative analysis of key performance indicators; (c) evolution of the number and types of incubators. The research methodology is based on the quantitative analysis of performance indicators, statistical data, and critical analysis of literature.