Biogeosystem Technique

47-54

Authors: Andrey I. Barbashev, Tamara S. Dudnikova, Alexey P. Glinushkin, Natalia P. Chernikova, Iliya P. Lobzenko, Gleb O. Korkin, Maria R. Krepakova, Anna G. Timofeeva, Elena I. Tikhonenko, Karen A. Ghazaryan, Hasmik S. Movsesyan, Gulnora M. Bakoeva, Fatemeh Adelisardou, Ivan Simunic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental pollutants. They are formed by incomplete combustion of organic materials (coal, wood, oil and petroleum products). The most dangerous compound among PAHs is benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), as it is a carcinogen and a class 1 mutagen and must be controlled in all natural environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of BaP in soil and plants under the conditions of a model vegetation experiment. The object of the study was spring barley, which was grown under the conditions of a model vegetation experiment, the soil of which was contaminated with various doses of BaP. The soil of the model experiment was incubated under conditions close to natural on the experimental site of the Southern Federal University (Russia, SFU) for 36 months. PAHs were extracted from soil samples using the ecologically clean express method of subcritical water extraction. The concentration of priority PAHs in soil samples was determined, and the concentration of BaP in the vegetative and root parts of barley plants was also determined. During 3 years of the experiment, there was a decrease in the concentration of PAHs in soil samples. The content of BaP in the soil and its accumulation in barley plants decreased during 3 years from the initial contamination.

66-86

Authors: Abhishek Singh, Vishnu Rajput, Sapna Rawat, Anil Kumar Singh, Akhilesh Bind, Alok Kumar Singh, Natalya Chernikova, Marina Voloshina, Ilia Lobzenko

Salt stress is the most prominent factor that has affected agriculture production, induced various problems, and a serious challenge to food security. Numerous adverse effect can be noticed during salt stress that is pretentious to their physiological, biochemical, molecular, and morphological functions. Plants develop a mechanism to subdue the problem that arises through salt stress via adoption or tolerance process but these mechanisms are not sustainable. It leads to a decline in the biomass of plants and overall crop productivity. For sustainable development of food security and overcome the looming endanger of salt stress in the reduction of food production and exponential population growth, novel and advanced technologies like plant breeding, biotechnology, nanotechnology can be explored and made to work for the development of salt tolerance of crop varieties.

3-37

Authors: Leonid V. Berezin

The article outlines the satellite images using principles by the solar radiation full spectrum absorption analysing, including both the near and middle infrared ranges, which can currently be used by any land users. Since 1980, American researchers A. Gitelson et al. and P.S. Thenkabail et al. began to use the methodology based on the laboratory spectrometers studying of the plants leaf apparatus area, the water content, as well as for the chlorophyll and other components in plants. Very important result was a wheat rust (Puccinia) remote diagnosis. Since 2010, they began to install the devices on unmanned aerial vehicles, and then on airplanes. In 2015-2017, American researchers, together with Indian scientists, conducted a survey using the above-mentioned technique to separate the annual and perennial field crop sections in several regions of India. German researchers applied the same technique to study the system of wheat fertilizer application. Already in 1980, the Russian scientists at Omsk State Agrarian University substantiated the possibility of studying the abovementioned issues, but using standard satellite imagery. Since 2004, the Russian scientists at Omsk State Agrarian University began to use their sophisticated analysis by image clustering in various natural zones of the Middle Priirtyshye. It was found that the most informative is the mid-infrared range of the solar radiation spectrum. This makes it possible to distinguish the field crops and soil types differences. At the same time, the possibility of the automorphic and hydromorphic agroecosystems state diagnosing was established. Both when used in field crop rotation and in a fall state. The factors were determined of the feasibility and priority of the arable lands re-development into arable land.