Biogeosystem Technique

327-344

Authors: Vyacheslav S. Anisimov, Dmitry V. Dikarev, Lidia N. Anisimova, Yury N. Korneev, Ilja V. Kochetkov

Based on the study of the relationships between the physico-chemical characteristics of different mineral soils that have previously spiked with the same amounts of 60Co, and the uptake of this radionuclide in the above-ground parts of test plants, there were estimated the abilities of the soils to limit the mobility of the radionuclide in the soil – plant system (soils inactivating abilities – SIA). To evaluate the latter in relation to 60Co, the model vegetation pot experiment was carried out in controlled conditions, using as test plant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). With the aim of providing a wide range of variation of the studied physico-chemical parameters, there were selected soil samples from arable and humus-accumulative horizons of the 16 types, species and varieties of soils belonging to different climatic zones of the European part of the Russian Federation in the quantities sufficient for the determination of physical and chemical characteristics of the soils and for the vegetation experiment conducting. Based on the obtained experimental results the effect of each of the selected indicators of soil condition on the radionuclide uptake by test plants was determined. To do this, the methods of principal components and multiple regression analysis were used. At first, the independent variables (physical and chemical indicators of soil condition), which, as supposed, rendered the influence on the uptake of 60Co by plants were selected with use the principal components method. Further, on the basis of private correlation coefficients, calculated using the linear regression model, the contribution of soil characteristics in SIA was estimated and their ranking was produced. Directly the values of the SIA in relation to the investigated radionuclide, expressed in scores, for each soil were calculated as the sum of products of contributions corresponding soil characteristics in the variation of resultant (concentration ratio – CR 60Co) on a dimensionless quantity, equal to the difference between the specific and minimum values of the soil characteristics (variables) in the sampling to the scale of variation of the relevant variables in the sampling.

363-373

Authors: Valery I. Glazko, Maria A. Elkina, Tatiana T. Glazko

Possibilities of using the terminal fragments of mobile elements of plants and animals for polyloci genotyping (genome scan) of agricultural species of animals and plants were discussed. The results of using as primers in polymerase chain reaction the terminal fragments of endogenous retroviruses dicotyledons and monocotyledons as "anchors" for polyloci genotyping allowed to assert the high representation of mobile elements, typical of plants, in the genomes of cattle, sheep, horses. The identified polymorphism of IRAP-markers (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplyfied Polymorphism) estimated by the polymorphism of DNA fragments flanked by terminal portions of plant endogenous retroviruses in genomes of farm animals, enabled to offer their using to detect the species and intraspecies differentiation of farm animal groups. Polymorphism of IRAP-markers evaluated when used as primers the fragments of endogenous retroviruses of plants and animals, allowed to choose the locus combinations to establish membership to the particular animal (species, breed, interbreed) groups. The results of genotyping the dicotyledons (G. soja, G. max) and monocots (T. aestivum) with the use as primer of the long terminal repeat of retrotransposon, first identified in soybean, testify the presence in genomes of monocots a large number of fragments, homologous to the inverted terminal repeats of endogenous retroviruses of dicotyledons. High level of IRAP-marker polymorphism allowed the targeted search the genomic sites, polymorphism of which could be associated with the influence of factors of natural and artificial selections. The presence of the long terminal repeats of the same endogenous retroviruses in plant and animal genomes, revealed in the genome sequences of the wheat and G. max, cattle, sheep and horses, belonging to different kingdom, reflected the existence of common pool of mobile elements in general.

396-400

Authors: Evgeny V. Shein, Ahmed Y. Mady, El Hassna A. Mohamed

The aim of the work is to study the efficiency of PedoTransfer Functions (PTFs) to estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) from indirect methods (PTFs), by comparing the experimental saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks0) that was determined from direct method with Ks were estimated from indirect methods (PTFs). Different indirect methods (PTFs) are used to estimate Ks: Wösten (1997) (Ks1), Wösten et al (1999) (Ks2), Cosby et al (1984) (Ks3), Saxton et al (1986) (Ks4), Vereecken et al (1990) (Ks5) and Ferrer-Juliа et al (2004) (Ks6). The results observed that (PTFs) are depending on: bulk density, organic matter, Clay and Sand contents. The efficiency of (PTFs) is estimated on the correlation between these parameters and saturated hydraulic conductivity. (PTFs) depend on clay and sand percents which forming macro and micro pores while don’t depended on silt content .There were positive strong correlations between Ks0 and (Ks1), (Ks4), (Ks3), (Ks6) and (Ks5), correlation (r2) were (0.846, 0.798, 0.785, 0.719 and 0.667) respectively.