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Salt Neoformations in Soils of Central Mongolia
Authors: Evgeny V. Shein, Galina V. Kharitonova, Bayasgalan Amgalan, Gantumur Sambuu, Valeria O. Krutikova, Evgeny V. Kharitonov
Number of views: 569
Diagnosis of saline neoformations is an important characteristic of the solid phase of arid soils, since the formation of salt accumulations is closely related to the problem of the genesis of soil profiles, and to the possibility of their agricultural use. The formation of certain morphological forms (impregnation, powdering, concretion forms, cutans, individual crystals, their aggregates, etc.) depends on many factors – the granulometric composition of the soils, the type and characteristics of the water regime, the nature of the evaporation of solutions and the temperature differences. We considered the composition and forms of salt neoformations in the soils of Central Mongolia, in which unique conditions for their manifestation are realized. The most important of them are sandy coarse-grained granulometric composition with a high content of coarse sandy particles and clastic material, extremely low water flows, relatively small temporal variability in soil moisture and extreme daily and annual temperature differences. The use of modern methods of electron microscopy revealed that in the studied soils slow crystallization and the small number of nucleation centers lead to the formation of predominantly needly-like crystals and "brushes" of salts – calcite, barite and astrachanite. Furthermore, in these circumstances, and halite forms a highly unusual for him needle-like crystals. For soils this phenomenon observed for the first time. Also the formation of acicular salt crystals in the investigated soils was noted due to specific thermo-hydrological phenomena and was explained by the forces arising under these conditions.
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