INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

16-24

Authors: Maduka Ignatius C , Nnamdi Ngozika A

Glycation is considered to be the main molecular basis of several diabetic complications. Association between chronic hyperglycaemia and the development of long-term diabetic-specific complications have been reported but are yet to be completely understood. In this study, the effect of glycaemic control on pituitary gonadotrophins (FSH and LH) was evaluated in male and female diabetics in Enugu, Nigeria. Two hundred and twenty four (240) diabetic patients (92 males and 148 females) within the age range of 31 – 73 years, who were receiving treatment, were randomly recruited for the study. One hundred and thirty four (134) age- and sex-matched apparently healthy volunteers (44 males and 90 females) were recruited as the control subjects. The study subjects were grouped into three categories: Male population (40-72 years), Group A Female population (<50 years) and Group B Female population (≥50 years). The impact of glycaemic control on various parameters was evaluated by classifying the diabetic patients into 3 subgroups on the basis of their HbA1c levels: Good (HbA1c < 7%), Fair (HbA1c 7 to 8%) and (Poor HbA1c > 8 %) glycaemic status. Fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, FSH and LH were determined for all the subjects. The results obtained revealed that the male diabetics had significantly lower (p<0.05) FSH levels when compared with the control subjects. In the two groups of female diabetic subjects, the FSH levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) when compared with their respective control subjects. The glycaemic control evaluation and correlation of HbA1c with the gonadotrophins in the male diabetic population show no statistically significant results. However, in the female diabetic population, subjects with poor glycaemic status show significantly increased (p<0.001) LH levels compared to those with good glycaemic control. In addition, in group B female diabetic population, HbA1c gave significant positive correlation with both FSH (r=0.261, p=0.014) and LH (r = 0.338, p<0.001). This suggests that there is a direct relationship between HbA1c and the gonadotrophic hormones. As glycaemic control is compromised, these hormones tend to increase. This study generally reveals increasing trend in the levels of the gonadotrophins across the different glycaemic status. It can be concluded that good glycaemic control of diabetes can exert better influences on pituitary gonadotrophins.

33-40

Authors: Abraham A. Embi

In 2015, reports by The International Agency for Research on Cancer warned of a high incidence of cancer due to processed meats intake. At present, the etiologic factor(s) behind this cancer genesis (is)(are) unknown. The purpose of this manuscript is to introduce a hypothesis linking the protein enzyme catalase (CAT) added to processed meats during manufacturing as a probable cause for the higher cancer incidence. CAT is added during the processed food manufacturing for esthetic reasons, to avoid the “bleaching effect” by hydrogen peroxide. Supporting the hypothesis are prior experiments linking electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emissions during cell respiration, as causing DNA damage and triggering cancer. In that research (CAT) was briefly reported to emit electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This manuscript reintroduces and emphasizes the ubiquitous enzyme catalase as possible cause in cancer genesis reported from processed meat consumption. Additional experiments are presented where a Prussian Blue Solution (PBS) was mixed with two parts of fine iron particles 2000 nanometers (nm) in diameter. Control experiments had human hairs mounted on a slide and then exposed to the liquid PBS. A slide assembly was constructed that EMFs emissions by catalase proper disrupting the metabolic process of the human hair follicle. CAT is shown to be an independent emitter of EMFs and therefore hypothesized as cancerogenic to the human body.

51-56

Authors: Vd. Pranali Thote , Vd Vivek Chandurkar

A 75 yrs male patient presenting with ubhaypadshoth (bilateral pedal edema), alpa udarvriddhi (abdominal distention), dourbalya (generalized weakness), agnimandya (loss of appetite) diagnosed as shotha vyadhi (odema) was brought to SSNJ Ayurved Hospital, Solapur. Patient was treated with an integrated approach of ayurveda. According to ayurveda, treatment of is vatanulomak aushadhi (laxative), agnideepan (increase appetite), balaprapti (stimulant for hepatic function), lepachikitsa, Proper diet (cow milk) and external application of shothahara lepa. Appreciable results were observed in the form of reduction in abdominal girth, decreased pedal edema,increased appetite, increased strength and significant changes in investigations.

69-83

Authors: Faris Kadhim Te'ama Al-Atabi (Ph.D) , Hashim Aliwy Mohammed Alhusseini (Ph.D)

This study is concerned with the morphophonemic changes as one of the most common processes in the English derivation and as a problematic area for English language learners. The study aims at investigating Iraqi college students' awareness in pronouncing the morphophonemic changes of words. To achieve this aim, the study adopts a diagnostic test of two questions. It was found that Iraqi university learners are unaware of the pronunciation of morphophonemic changes as the highest rate of their incorrect responses and the students are much unawareness at the production level than the recognition level. In the light of the results, certain recommendations and suggestions have been put for further studies.

93-104

Authors: Menchie A. Dela Cruz, Ph.D.TE

Electronic system is the doorway to fast and efficient transactions in most of our daily undertakings today. Such transactions cover quality output for a huge majority of businesses, society and institutions that include state universities and colleges. This study aimed to determine the level of effectiveness of electronic Individual Performance Commitment and Review (e-IPCR) system that was developed, tested and implemented as a tool of managing faculty performance evaluation for the Ramon Magsaysay Technological University Zambales (RMTU). It was also designed to assess the user’s level of acceptability for continuously adopting the system and determine what additional features are to be integrated in the system for enhancement. This study made use of the causal comparative descriptive research to determine the cause of differences that already exist between or among group of individuals. This involved two groups of respondents: 1) The college deans and 2) faculty of the RMTU. The groups were selected using purposive sampling technique. The De Lone and McLean Success Models were used as bases for system effectiveness measurement-- information quality, system quality, service quality, intention to use, user satisfaction, and net benefits. The study revealed that e-IPCR System that was developed, tested and implemented for RMTU is “Effective” in terms of Information Quality, Systems Quality, Service Quality, Intention to Use, User Satisfaction and Net Benefits; and the user’s level of acceptability to continually adopt the system is described as “Acceptable” using the same, system with database working on Local Area Networks ranked as the top preference and priority of the user for integration in the system.

114-129

Authors: Bipasha Bandopadhyay

There have been innumerable debates about gender in India over the years. Much of it includes women’s positing in society, their education, health, economic position, gender equality etc. What one can conclude from such discussions is that women have always held a certain paradoxical position in our developing country. The women position in Indian Judiciary has again been a debatable, topic which has henceforth never been into exact numerical representation. The women clan involved into the legal network of benches has been notably less. The women position has been the highest in the Supreme Court of India with ‘Nine’ Judges. The research work includes statistical data with the research of Vidhi legal policy. “The District Courts and the courts below them comprise the ‘lower’ or ‘subordinate’ judiciary. These courts lie under the administrative control of High Courts. Each judicial district in India has one District Court, below which lie civil and criminal courts of original jurisdiction,” the study notes, and finds that 71% judges in the subordinate judiciary across India are male. Motivation/Background: The women position has been the highest in the Supreme Court of India with ‘Nine’ Judges. The women clan involved into the legal network of benches has been notably less. Method: The fundamental protestant of the research are ‘women’, their count in the benches of Indian Judiciary, specifically over the High Courts and the Supreme Court. So what has been the reason behind such a low count of women? What has been the numerical denomination of women benches in High Courts and Supreme Courts over the past years? Results: Women were relegated to the household, and made to submit to the male-dominated patriarchal society, as has always been prevalent in our country. Indian women, who fought as equals with men in the nationalist struggle, were not given that free public space anymore. They became homemakers, and were mainly meant to build a strong home to support their men who were to build the newly independent country. Conclusions: Women were reduced to being second class citizens. The national female literacy rate was an alarmingly low 8.6%. The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for girls was 24.8% at primary level and 4.6% at the upper primary level (in the 11-14 years age group). There existed insoluble social and cultural barriers to education of women and access to organized schooling.

136-145

Authors: Ayodeji Precious-Ayanwale , Alejandro Donohué-Cornejo , Juan Carlos CuevasGonzález , León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal , Simón Yobanny Reyes-López

There has been different synthetic route used for the synthesis of zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticles. The different synthetic methods coupled with other factors like concentration, PH, type of precursor used etc help to synthesize zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticles having different physicochemical properties. This paper discusses the different synthetic routes of sol-gel, hydrothermal and coprecipitation method for the formation of zirconia in combination with other metal oxide to form zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticles, the physicochemical properties of the synthesized zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticle, their characterization and application.

159-167

Authors: Dr. K. Lenin

This paper presents a Modified Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (MTLBO) algorithm for solving reactive power flow problem. Basic Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) is reliable, accurate and vigorous for solving the optimization problems. Also, it has been found that TLBO algorithm slow in convergence due to its high concentration in the accuracy. This paper presents an, Modified version of TLBO algorithm, called as Modified Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (MTLBO). A parameter called as “weight” has been included in the fundamental TLBO equations & subsequently it increases the rate of convergence. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, it has been tested in practical 191 test bus system. Simulation results reveal about the better performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss & voltage profiles are within the limits.

172-178

Authors: Ine Fausayana , Weka Gusmiarty Abdullah , La Ode Dawid

This study aims to analyze the correlation of risk with the marketing profit of coconut products in Kendari City This research uses qualitative and quantitative methods (deviation standard and probability). The populations of this research are all sellers of grated coconut, young coconut dan young coconut ice in Kendari City. Determination of sample for seller of coconut shredded using simple random sampling, while for seller of young coconut dan young coconut ice by using census. The results of this study are grated coconut products in the normal and surplus sales period have a medium risk level, and critical sales period has a high risk. Young coconut dan young coconut ice in normal and high sales periods have low risk, and in critical sales periods have a medium risk. The correlation of risk and the marketing profit level of coconut products is that high level of risk followed by a low marketing profit, conversely low risk level followed by high marketing profits.

189-195

Authors: Alida Vallejo Lopez , Tibisay Beatriz Rincon Rios , Franklin Gaston Arguello

In the new context of higher education; Research-based learning is a strategy used to understand and deepen knowledge during the educational process at all levels for the development of scientific evidence, considering that the best way to learn is experience. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the importance of implementing practical activities in the field of health to awaken the interest of students in research and development of scientific competencies. The methodology applied in the students of the health area, to promote the research in the development of the scientific capacities, was made a chronogram of visits to the departments of the ICBE; TPA and Embryology Laboratory, for the development of scientific tests by means of coherent practices or action schemes. In conclusion, when the student is actively involved in the teaching-learning process, he can develop skills for his professional performance. Promoting the interest of the student to investigate is undoubtedly an indispensable factor that must be fostered, analyzed and applied in the area of. Health Research is a process that requires adequate guidance and motivation to awaken, passion and dedication, which allows the development of scientific skills and competences.

214-217

Authors: Deepak Aryal

This paper reports analytical review results on the global and national importance of solar energy as a clean and renewable source of energy. Pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons have higher mean monthly sunshine duration (about 8 hours/day) than summer (about 5 hours/day) and winter (about 7 hours/day) seasons in Kathmandu. The lowest sunshine duration during summer season is attributed to the effect of monsoonal clouds during that period. Pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons receive solar energy of about 250 W/m2 and 200 W/m2 respectively. The winter season receives the least amount of solar radiation (about 150 W/m2). Results show high prospect of solar energy utilization both in rural and urban areas of Nepal.

226-237

Authors: Zülküf Demir , Oktay Adiyaman

Although bushing height and wall thickness are crucial issues, cracks and petal formation on bushings affect these outcomes adversely in thermal friction drilling operations. Therefore, in this paper, bushing shapes were investigated both in traditional and mould supported thermal friction drilling of A7075-T651 aluminum alloy, 4 mm in thickness, at 2000 rpm spindle speed and 25 mm/min feed rate. The proportion of the volume cavities (VBC) of the moulds to the volume of the total evacuated material (VE) selected between 16 % and 32 %. Moreover, the gap sizes between the tool and tool proceeding cavity (CDT) were selected at 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm. In conclusion cracks and petal formation were substantially eliminated, bushing height and wall thickness values were able to select, depending on requirements, also homogenous bushing wall thickness for threading, in moulds supporting thermal friction drilling operations.