INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

1-13

Authors: Adna Bešić , Zarema Obradović , Adisa Dautbegović , Amina Obradović

A large number of different diseases are associated with the consumption of hygienic defective water and the use of water for maintaining personal hygiene. Recreational waters, water in systems intended for cooling and heating of public buildings are also significant. Among these diseases, the most significant is legionellosis, the disease which has become more and more important in the whole world in recent years. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the connection of hygienic conditions in public buildings with the appearance of genus Legionella in drinking and bathing water, as well as water from outside and inside fountains, pools and water from cooling and heating systems for public buildings. Obtained results are also used to evaluate the risk of developing legionellosis in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina and among foreign tourists. The presence of Legionella spp. was analysed in 238 samples of water taken from faucets in rooms of buildings intended for people's accommodation, in open and closed fountains, pools, cooling and water systems. Hygienic conditions in the facilities were assessed using survey questionnaire and complemented with legionella findings. This study showed the direct correlation between hygienic conditions in public and tourist facilities with the presence of Legionella spp. in the waters taken in these objects.

22-26

Authors: M. M. Karagama , F. B. Ladan

In this article, we shall introduce the concept of lacunary arithmetic statistical continuity for double sequences and investigate some inclusion relations.

46-49

Authors: Dr. RKD Nilanthi Kumari Rajapaksha

Godan was written in India in1936 by Premchand. Gamperaliya was written in Sri Lanka in 1944 by Martin Wickramasinghe. Both the writers are from different countries, yet many similarities are found in their Novels. Being contemporaries has immediate effect on the content of both Writers. The purpose of this study was to find those similarities. After study of both novels, often many similarities could be found such as blind beliefs, poverty and the habits of the rural population.

53-56

Authors: Vishal Gadgihalli , MeenaY.R , Bharath A.L , Raghavendra Prasad HavanjeDinakar

Recently admixtures had made a major importance in the concrete manufacturing. These admixtures materials ranged from blood in the history to the recent retarding agents. In this paper analysis of properties of concrete using safety matches powder as admixture is studied and verified the strength of concrete and temperature emitted due to chemical reaction to the normal Portland cement. Using safety matches powder the temperature emitted due to exothermal reaction of concrete has reduced. This gives better results hence we can use this safety matches powder as an admixture where the reacting temperature and the emitting temperature place a crucial role in construction and maintenance

60-69

Authors: Dr.K.V.Manoj Krishna , B.T.Shivendra

The present research work discuss about the consolidation behavior of three zone soil which are collected neat soak pit regions from kanakapura, Hoskote and Dodaballapur, Karnataka, India at a depth of 0.5 meters from natural ground level and at a radial distance of 2.5 meters away from the pit area by using auger boring. In the above regions human excreta with sewage is directly discharged into these pits. From the pit contaminants will travel a maximum distance of 10 meters and also may travel vertically downwards and pollute the underground water and it also affects the engineering behavior of soil. So we are interested to know the consolidation characteristics of these regions soil. An attempt also made to have a consolidation comparative study of three above specified zone soil due to intrusion of contaminants. From the one dimensional fixed ring Consolidation test it is observed that Hoskote soil requires higher PreConsolidation pressure and hence its rate of permeability is less compared to other soils on the other hand Dodballapur soil requires lower Pre-Consolidation pressure for Consolidation of soil. This reflects the softening of soil due to contaminants intrusion near soak pit area.

86-94

Authors: Abhishek Agarwal

Knowledge is a topic, widely discussed both in philosophy and in everyday life of a common man who is not aware of its principles and existing connotations. This paper attempts to explain “knowledge”, significance of “Knowing” by incorporating diverse interdisciplinary, multicultural perspectives on understanding of “Knowledge” and its concepts that we experience “knowingly or unknowingly”. It involves a discussion on wisdom-knowledge interaction, their differences and interdependence; reality and its manifestations in various aspects that talks about the nature of reality in general as a concept; and a brief essay on unexplained mystery of “Sampurna gyana” (meaning complete knowledge) and “Sarwagya” (person who knows everything) trying to understand it’s possibility in a world of infinite possibilities.

102-108

Authors: Anthony Peter , Oladipo Francis Olukayode

Since the creation of man, there has been continuous transformation of the environment for convenience, at an almost unlimited pace. This process has become faster in the last 50 years, especially in areas of civilization and city planning. The implication is that when man creates, there is usually a destruction of the natural, forgetting that man and the rest of nature need to coexist in harmony with each other. Architectural Design on the other hand, attempts to make good all human tendencies and activities meant to destroy the age long relationship that existed between nature and man. The paper attempts to look into natural surroundings of man, and finally proffer suggestions on how nature and man will be close as in the good old times of early man. The paper therefore, aims at highlighting how architectural design can reduce the gap between Nature and transformation activities, hence creating a harmony.

116-125

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

In this paper, Improved Intelligent Water Drop (IIW) algorithm has been proposed to solve the optimal reactive power problem. In this work firefly and water drop algorithm has been combined to improve the exploration & exploitation. Fire fly algorithm imitates the firefly light flashing behaviour is an astonishing signal in the sky, usually found in tropical and temperate regions. Water drop algorithm contains a few necessary elements of natural water drops and action and reaction that occur between river bed & the water drops that flow within. Proposed Improved Intelligent Water Drop (IIW) algorithm has been tested in Standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems & real power loss has been comparatively reduced with voltage profiles are within the limits.

139-148

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper projects Pioneering Poll (PP) algorithm, which inspired by poll around the world is used to solve optimal reactive power problem. In Pioneering Poll (PP) algorithm population is general people and each person may be a candidate or a voter. Definite number of people will form dissimilar groups to set up political parties in the solution space. Advertising movement is the fundamental of this Pioneering Poll (PP) algorithm and it contains three core phases: sanguine campaign, disparate campaign and union campaign. During sanguine campaign, the nominee proclaims themselves through accentuate their positive descriptions and potentials. In the disparate campaign, candidates challenge with each other to raise their status and malign their contender. In extraordinary cases, the candidates that have equivalent information can united together in order to increase the possibility of success of the joint party. Campaign positively grounds the people to congregate to a state of solution space that is the comprehensive optimum. All these determinations lead up to poll day (end condition). On poll day, the candidate who is acquiring maximum votes is proclaimed as the conqueror and it matches to the supreme solution that is found for the reactive power problem. The proposed Pioneering Poll (PP) algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly about the enhanced performance of the proposed Pioneering Poll (PP) algorithm in reducing the real power loss with voltage profiles are within the limits.

158-167

Authors: Tae-Ho Cho , Jung-Sub Ahn

Energy management of WSN is one of the major issues. Many kind of attacks in WSN paralyze the network by exhausting node energy. Especially false report insertion attack, which is one of the several WSN attacks, is to inform users of false alarms as well as unnecessary energy consumption. F. Ye et al. proposed statistical en-route filtering to prevent false report injection attacks. In order to effectively use their scheme, techniques for determining thresholds using fuzzy logic have been studied. To effectively apply these techniques to the network, an appropriate security level period update should be set according to the network environments. In this paper, we propose a security period update method using fuzzy logic in order to improve the lifetime of the network in the statistical en-route filtering approach based on a wireless sensor network of the cluster environment. Normally SEF thresholds should be changed by a user according to the network environment. Our proposed method allows automatically setting the effective threshold for the environment by fuzzy logic. The experimental results show that the energy efficiency increased by 26.5%.

177-186

Authors: Maha Abdalla Alnuwaiser

Sugars, mainly fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose ratios in the fresh red grape and raisins and in the fresh and dried apricot fruit were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC, equipped with Ec 250/4.6 Nucleodur 100-5 NH2-RP column and Refractometer -RID as a detector. Each type of the four samples was separately homogenized after removing the seeds from the samples before crushing, and in this study the deionized water was used for extraction of sugars. The ratio of each sugar in the four investigated cultivars was compared as well as comparing the contents of total sugars between these types, and it became obvious that fructose and glucose recorded significant increase rather than sucrose and maltose in these cultivars. Comparison has also been conducted for determination of fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose ratios between the fresh red grapes and raisins on one hand, and between the fresh apricot fruit and dried apricot on the other. The study showed that the raisins contain high level of fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose compared to the fresh grapes. Moreover, the sugar content in the dried apricot was higher than the sugar contents in the fresh apricot fruit.

198-205

Authors: FCA Pratibha Chaurasia , Dr. Priyanka Vijay

Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments and good financial habits bring discipline in financial decision making and have profound impact on the investment choices. This study proposes to study core financial habit of making financial plan adopted by individual investors while doing their investment planning and its impact on the investment preferences and objectives. In this study, survey approach has been adopted using a structured questionnaire with 559 sample size. The study has been taken within the geographical area of Indore and Ujjain district in Madhya Pradesh State of Central India. It has been found from the analysis that financial habits of investors play a crucial role in their investment preferences and objectives. Analysis has been done using Mann Whitney U test. The results of the research paper would contribute in developing understanding of the impact of financial habits on investment behavior and choices and thus serves an important insight to investors, financial planning professionals and other stakeholders linked to financial planning.

210-216

Authors: Hestu Wilujeng

This study aims to explore and analyze the students' algebraic thinking skills that have early mathematical abilities. This research is an explorative research with qualitative approach. The Subject consists of 3 students who have high early, medium and low mathematical ability. The research instrument is self-researcher with supporting instrument that is about the algebra thinking ability test and interview guidance. The ability to think algebra includes problemsolving skills, mathematical modeling and generalization. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive analysis with guidance indicators of algebraic thinking ability while data analysis of interview uses data reduction step, data presentation, and decision making. Testing data validity using method triangulation. The result of the research is that students with high mathematical preliminary skills (MPS) can solve the problem well, MPS students are able to understand and plan the settlement well, but the mathematical modeling is not accurate so result in the settlement whereas the low MPS students in understanding the problem just read but do not have the solution plan.

222-259

Authors: Susana Callao , José I. Jarne , David Wróblewski

Earnings management has received considerable attention as numerous papers were investigated different hypotheses. However, there is still no consensus on how efficiently detect and measure earnings managements. Nevertheless, most authors use methodology based on accruals, sophisticated models that attempt to separate total accruals into discretionary and nondiscretionary components. We may find wide range of use of alternative models to measure earnings management. Nevertheless, the researchers typically used five the most popular models: the Jones (1991) model, the modified Jones model (Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney, 1995), Teoh, Welch and Wong (1998) model, Kasznik (1999) model and Kothari et al. (2005) model. However, it is confirmed that the environment where the company is operating influences on the earnings management. Therefore, we focus our study on the growing market of the developing European countries. In particular, our analysis comprises four different and independent samples from emerging Eastern European countries: Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, since earnings management in Eastern European countries is still barely explored. Consequently, our objective is to evaluate the ability of the existing models on earnings management for the environment of countries from the East of Europe.

271-278

Authors: Ibraheem M.Aliyas , Salem A.Hassen , Hasan Mohsen Neamah

Considers Bio-fertilizer eco-friendly, characterize by their high importance in improve the chemical, physical and biological traits of soil was better from chemical fertilizer Where the latter causes negative effects on biosphere. The study was conducted to assessment the response of Wheat of Sajittario variety (W. S .V) for two concentration levels of Fito Alg organic fertilizer(F.A.O.F) in three spraying dates and their effects on the vegetative growth and yield properties by using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications .The research was conducted in Mosul city within the province of Nineveh / Iraq at the agrarian season 2014 to study the response of (W. S .V) for two concentrations of (F.A.O.F) were (a1) 2 ml/L and (a2)4ml/L in three spraying dates (b1) 23/2, (b2) 2/3 and (b3) 9/3 ,which sprayed in tillering stage on vegetative growth , for studying their effects on the following properties; plant height cm, tillers number/plant , dry biological weight ( ton/ h), seeds number/ spike ,weight of 1000 seeds gm , straw weight (ton/ h) and total yield (ton/ h). By using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that variance analysis of the concentration of (F.A.O.F) with spraying dates were have significant effect at 0.05 probability level in the following characteristics; tiller number, weight of 1000 seed and yield ,also have significant effect at 0.01 probability level only in spike seeds number ,others properties were non-significant at both 0.05, 0.01 levels as table (2). Showed the first spraying date significant effect at 0.05 probability level their superior from others in weight 1000 seed and spike seeds number where was same effected with two others in dates of spraying as in table(3). Showed both concentrations the same effect in all of the traits at 0.05 levels. Where the first concentration had high value than both others concentrations as in table (4). The interaction effect between spraying dates and concentrations of (F A O F) on vegetative growth and yield characters for (W. S .V), where all vegetative and yield properties where the yield reached 4.86(to/ h). That indicates, to response the variety to (F. A O. F) by suitable concentration 2ml/l and fit the date of spraying 23/02 (a1b1) as in table (5), addition for good dominant environmental conditions in the study region, as well as the good genetic traits in the variety.

290-294

Authors: Vijayant Kumar

The fossil fuel reserves in India are rapidly exhausting with the country's development. To cope with the energy crisis, end-user efficiency plays an important role. This paper deals with energy saving in lighting systems with the replacement of lighting programs, as in India there is in all sectors a growing demand for energy. A number of commonly used lighting sources and their comparison in light production were discussed. The campus lighting system consisting of a T12 fluorescent lamp for monitoring the residential and institutional area of an existing device can be replaced by proposed LED lighting with equivalent performance, but has greater efficiency to reduce light energy consumption, This improvement Endbenutzereffizienz reduce the peak and the average demand of electricity, which reduces the load on the power grid. The annual energy savings through the proposed system are about 65% over current costs, which is a significant achievement of the energy saving technology. The retrofit period for the proposed lighting system installation is a little over three years. The initial investment for a short-term rating is slightly higher, but at a long-term valuation, the initial investment for the proposed regime is reduced by 50%, as the operating time of the proposed system is approximately five times higher higher than the current regime.

307-315

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper proposes Group Competition (GC) algorithm for solving optimal reactive power problem. Group Competition (GC) algorithm stimulated from the contest of sport teams in a sport group. A number of individuals as sport teams contend in a simulated group for numerous weeks. Based on the group schedule in every week, teams play in pairs and their game result is determined in terms of win or loss, given known the playing strength along with the teams’ planned formations. Modeling an artificial match analysis, each team devises a new playing strategy for the subsequent week competition and this procedure is repetitive for number of seasons. In order to evaluate the validity of the proposed Group Competition (GC) algorithm, it has been tested on Standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and simulation results reveal about the good performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing real power loss and voltage profiles are within the limits.

325-332

Authors: Dr. Mohammad Anees 1 , Mr. Mukesh Kumar 2

This paper try to build up an perceptive of the factors that influence citizens’ adoption of electronic tax-filing services and to discuss taxpayer perception and satisfaction with an online system(e-filing system) for filing individual income tax returns. The data was collected through questionnaire and then was tabulized and analyzed with the help of respective tests using SPSS, MS Excel and other required methods have been used. A survey has been used to collect primary data and questionnaire approach was used in final analysis. Single cross sectional descriptive research design was used to determine taxpayers’ perception. The result through questionnaires somehow discloses that most of the individuals facing problem regarding Lack of experience and knowledge in filing the return electronically and in the same questionnaires most of the individuals satisfy with the easiness and accuracy of e-filing. But when we go for overall experience of individuals regarding e-filing the still wants some improvement in the present efiling system. Questionnaires have been filled by different level of employees both men and women of different age group, Income group and job profiles. This study is restrained to the taxpayers located in Lucknow city of Uttar Pradesh. So, the conclusion derived from the research cannot be made applicable as it is for the other parts of the states or other states.

338-342

Authors: Vishal Gadgihalli *1, Ramya M S 2 , Babitha Rani H 2 , Raghavendra Prasad Havanje Dinakar 3 , Lohith 1 , S. C. Sharma 4

Aggregate in concrete acts as structural filler, these place a crucial than simple statement implies it is the material that the cement paste coats and blind together. Now a day’s using river sand is prohibited by government, as these cause soil erosion. In this paper analysis of properties of concrete using manufacture sand as course aggregate is studied and verified the strength of concrete and temperature emitted due to chemical reaction to the normal Portland cement. Using manufacture sand as course aggregate the temperature emitted due to exothermal reaction of concrete has reduced. Although the compressive strength of the concrete has reduced compared to normal concrete where no admixtures were used to enhance the properties of concrete.

351-354

Authors: Vishal Gadgihalli *1, MeenaY.R 2 , Sindhu Shankar 1 , Raghavendra Prasad Havanje Dinakar 3 , S. C. Sharma 4

Ingredients other than cement, water& aggregates that import a specific quality to either plastic(fresh)mix or the hardened concrete (ASTMC 496) is called concrete admixture. In this paper analysis of properties of concrete using banana peel as admixture is studied and verified the strength of concrete and temperature emitted due to chemical reaction to the normal Portland cement. As banana’s peel is rich in natural fiber and it is well known source of potassium. The flexural strength of concrete by using banana peel powder as admixture has increased, but considerable lesser compressive strength has increased. The percentage of transmission temperature and reduction time of temperature has decreased; hence it is clear that the exothermal reaction in concrete has been reduced by using dried banana peel powder as admixture.

366-373

Authors: Nurziana Mohd Atan *1, Saudah Sofian 2

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of intellectual capital on overall innovation and R&D activities in an innovative firm. The firm is a leader in natural goat’s milkbased cosmetics and health products in Malaysia. Intellectual capital consists of four components, human capital, structural capital, relational capital and spiritual capital. This research was a case study and qualitative approach was applied to gather data. The Marketing Manager, Human Resource Manager, Factory Operation Manager, administrative workers, factory workers, IT personnel and customers of the firm were interviewed. The information from the interviews was analyzed using codes and transcription. Finding of the study indicates that among the intellectual components, structural capital is the highest contributor to the firm’s innovation. Among the recommendations made to the firm are to increase human capital with high expertise, to have a systematic documentation, to cooperate with organization’s external environment and strengthen spiritual value. Future researches are suggested to use instruments other than interviews and widen the scope to more than one firm or industry.

379-389

Authors: Alberth Soplanit *1 , Bambang Guritno 2 , Ariffin 2 , Nur Edy Suminarti 2

Abiotic shades due to the high level of cloud are the major problem causing a low level of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) photosynthesis in the higland of Papua, Indonesia. In order to optimize the growth and production of sweetpotato, it needs to engineer the growing environment for the crop. This study aims to learn the growth, production and photosynthesis efficiency (Eµ) by combining varieties and sticks inclination angles on (1.560 m asl) from April to September 2016. It was conducted using a Split-Plot Design with three replications. The main plot was three sweet potato varietes: Siate, Papua Salosa and Cangkuang, while the subplot was the inclination of sticks with three angles: 90º, 60º, 45º and without using sticks. The result shows that a combination of Cangkuang and 90º stick inclination produces the highest total dry matter and tubers (326.9 g/plant and 248.7 g/plant respectively). The highest net assimilation rate was obtained in combination of Cangkuang with stick inclination angles treatments 90º and 60º for 125.2 mg.cm2.day-1 and 105.3 mg.cm2.day-1, the leaf area index ranged from 0.9-5.5. The highest tubers yield was achieved by the Cangkuang with 90º and 60º sticks inclination angles treatments, which are 31.53 t.ha-1 and 28.86 t.ha-1 respectively, with the harvest indexes around 36-62 %, in which the tubers yield and the harvest indexes have significant correlations. The highest photosynthesis efficiency was achieved by the Cangkuang with 90º (3.83 %) and 600 (3.34 %) sticks inclination angles treatments, while the lowest one was done by the Siate and without sticks (0.92 %) treatment. As a conclusion, the higher sticks inclination angles applied on the sweetpotato varieties, particularly whose wider leafs, under abiotic shade conditions may increase crop growth rates, total and tuber dry matters, tubers yield, harvest indexes, and photosynthesis efficiency rates.

400-413

Authors: Babajide Peter A. *1, Opasina Ifeoluwa O. 2 , Ajibola Adijat T. 1 , Olla Noah O. 3 , Oyedele Temitope A. 4 , Oyatokun, Olukayode S. 5

It is not unreasonable to state that, even before the introduction of organic agriculture, African local farmers have numerous of undocumented environment-friendly, nature-inclined indigenous techniques for boosting soil fertility and enhancing crop yield. However, despite the versatility of indigenous knowledge, setback is always experienced from western science, which tags such knowledge as being non-scientific and not worthy of scholarly engagements. A field experiment was carried out in the year 2013, at the Teaching and Research Farms, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, to assess the soil fertility and yield promoting potentials of some indigenous plant species’ botanicals used as pre-planting treatments on different maize varieties. It was a 3 by 5 factorial experiment. The treatments introduced were: Three (3) maize varieties (V1 = ACR-DMR-SR-Y, V2 = Local EM-W and V3 = Suwan Solo Yellow and five (5) other treatments (comprising pre-sowing botanical treatments of: Kigelia africana only, Glyphea brevis only, combination of Kigelia africana and Glyphea brevis only, NPK fertilizer application (as a reference) and the control (treated with ordinary water only). The trial was laid out in Split Plot in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters, and the data collected were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). All the botanical treatments significantly influenced germination, growth, yield and nutrient uptakes of maize, compared to the control.

425-443

Authors: Biswajit Rout *1 , Ayesha Mohanty 2 , Akash Kacharia 3

This paper aims to analyse and interpret the investor perception about investing in stock market. The market is often referred as to bull or bear market. This is key importance for financial decisions and economic analysis. The market behaves differently in these two phase. The bull market is identified when there is constant rise of stock prices whereas bear market is referred when there is fall in stock prices. These phases occur due to different trends of market or economy. Investor sentiments get affected by this. The paper tries to identify and provides understanding about the factors that causes and how it affects the psychology of investors. There are different analysis techniques used by analysts. The popular and common analysis theories are Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis. This paper is based on technical analysis of different category of stock with respect to wide spread industry like FMCG sector, Banking sector, Oil and Natural Gas sector, Automobiles sector and Pharmaceutical Sector etc. The paper also tries to establish whether the market is having a Bull Run or bear. The movement of stock prices is analysed in technical analysis. The data of stock prices are collected from NSE official site. The analysis in done for 5 years span starting from April 2012 to Mar 2017. Even to understand better, analysis of the stock is done on 100days moving average. Prevailing news during those times are also considered to interpret the behaviour of the investors.