INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

1-10

Authors: Isah B A , Musa Giro A , Yahaya M , Awosan KJ ,Ibrahim MTO , Raji M.O

Abstract Blood in the urine is a common condition seen in people living around the riverine area which may result from bleeding anywhere along the urinary tract. Schistosomiasis is considered to be the commonest cause of haematuria among the inhabitants of riverine areas. Urinary schistosomiasis affects more than 200 million people worldwide and poses a threat to 600 million in more than 76 countries (WHO, 1993). In Africa alone, about 192 million cases of schistosomiasis have been reported; with Nigeria ranking the highest (15% of cases) followed by the United Republic of Tanzania (about 10% of the cases) and the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ghana with 7-8% each. A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted among the inhabitants of Kwalkwalawa village in Wamakko local government Sokoto state, Nigeria. Majority of the respondents (81.4%) had passed bloody urine at one time of their life-time, unfortunately only 3.1% of the affected respondents had ever being to Hospital for treatment. Only 5.7% relates hematuria to contact with river water and the Knowledge score of gross hematuria revealed that only 11.4% have good knowledge of the disease. Perceived Social determinants of the disease in the environment include; Farming, Fishing, washing and Bathing in the River as well as fetching for Domestic use. The lack of proper knowledge of the cause of the disease and insufficient safe water supplies coupled with inadequate health care facilities may have influenced the infection rate and distribution of the disease in the area. In conclusion the study was able to find out a high prevalence of hematuria among the inhabitants of this study area, however, there is poor knowledge of the cause of bloody urine. Most of the respondents believed that bloody urine can be cured and prevented, but few relate it to drug treatment.

18-25

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

In this paper, Enriched Genetic Algorithm (EGA) utilized to solve reactive power optimization problem. In the proposed algorithm Stochastic Universal Selection (SS) is utilized to improve the selection procedure. The selection method in Genetic algorithm (GA) plays a significant role in the runtime to get the optimized solution as well as in the superiority of the solution. In this work, an enriched selection technique is presented which uphold both fast runtime and elevated quality solution. Proposed EGA algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly the advanced performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss.

36-42

Authors: M.I. Memon , N. Memon , A.B. Kachiwal , M.R. Memon , S.A. Soomro , Meh- ja- been Memon , Abdullah Sethar

Study was conducted to investigate the consequences of Theileriosis in naturally infected cattle and buffaloes of urban and peri urban areas of Hyderabad. Chemical analysis of milk of infected cows and buffaloes revealed that protein, ash and lactose were significantly declined (P<0.05) whereas, fat and total solids were significantly increased (P<0.05) in Theileria infected cows and buffaloes, but pH and acidity was unaffected. Financial losses occur in terms of reduced quality and severely decreased quantity of milk and meat. The total financial loss including the mortality and decreased quantity of milk and meat was recorded of Rs. 0.17 million / animal in the current study. Theileriosis is one of the main causes of financial losses for livestock holders.

55-62

Authors: Abraham-O. J. , Nwobodo, H. A. , Ngwu, B.A.F. , Onwuatuegwu, J.T.C. , Nwaogwugwu, A. B. , Adelowo, A. E., Adegbite, A. , Chock, J.J. , Ogbonna, O.Q.

Tuberculosis and human Immuno-deficiency virus co-epidemics remain a major public health challenge particularly in resource limited settings. This study determined the prevalence of HIV co-infection among TB patients and the risk factors among patients attending Holly memorial Hospital Ochadamu, Ofu L.G.A., Kogi State, Nigeria. Two hundred (200) patients participated in the research, out of which one hundred and seventy three (173) were already confirmed to be HIV positive. Sputum samples were collected by experts into sample bottles aseptically for Acid fast Bacilli test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis; while blood samples were collected by trained nurses from the same candidates by venepuncture into anticoagulated bottles for HIV screening to re- confirm their status. Questionnaires were also administered to obtain some important demographic data. Sputum smear microscopy was carried out to test for Acid Fast Bacilli. Rapid haemagglutination assay was carried out to re-confirm the HIV status of the patients. Results showed that Twenty seven (27) patients signifying 13.5 % were TB/HIV co-infected. There was significant (p<0.05) relationship between TB and HIV status of the patients and clinical symptoms (dry cough, cough with sputum, weight loss and fever). There is need to study Immuno-haematological indices (CD4 count, Full Blood Count and ESR) routinely to monitor TB and HIV patients on regular basis in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the diseases.

67-78

Authors: Benjamin D, Tiongzon , Adora A. Villaganas , Victor D. Villaganas

This study assessed the practices of the records management system in the public schools in the Division of Mandaue City on the school year 2012-2013 towards the adoption of an Enhanced School Records Management System. The study further considered the profile of the respondent groups as vital variables which significantly affected the performance of the school records officers or custodians. Specifically, this study was conceived to look into the level of implementation of the different components of the Records Management System as perceived by the respondents namely; the functions of School Records Office, the Duties and Responsibilities of the Records Officers and the Records Management Operating Procedures which includes the handling of mails and communications, handling of legal documents and administrative issuances, classification guide for filing school management documents, procedure for filing, servicing with files, request for personal information, access to files, records disposal procedure, preservation of records and the retention period or life cycle of records and documents. The responses were identified and analyzed using the weighted mean formula of which the results were collated and tabulated. Finally, this study aimed to determine the mean difference among the respondent groups’ perceptions on the aforementioned prescribed aspects of the School Records Management which was statistically treated through the t-test model. The tally described the results of the respondents’ perceptions on the two aspects, the functions of the records office and the duties and responsibilities of records officers, as not significantly related to each other. Both respondents were almost attuned in their perceptions on the abovesaid two aspects. However, a different picture had been seen on the third aspect, operating procedures of Records Management, which established a significant mean difference among the perceptions of the respondent groups.

85-93

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper presents a new Lava Heron Optimization (LHO) Algorithm for solving reactive power problem. This algorithm is inspired by the grab skill of the Lava Heron bird. Lava heron bird live in on the freshwater or saline water, swampy marshes or wetlands with tuft of trees mostly in low lying areas, where there are abundant convenience of fishes as their prey. By using the prey catching skill of the Lava Heron bird algorithm has been framed and utilized to minimize the real power loss. Proposed Lava Heron Optimization (LHO) Algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and simulation results demonstrate the commendable performance of the projected Lava Heron Optimization (LHO) Algorithm in reducing the real power loss.

104-108

Authors: Mohammed Seid Legas

Parasites are organisms which metabolically depend upon their hosts. To understand the ecological host shift of a parasite, it is important to look the host-parasite associations with respect to ecological change and factors that generate, maintain, and constrain the associations with implications for a wide range of ecological issues, including the dynamics of emerging infectious diseases. Although, the ecological significance of parasites is almost overlooked for several years by ecologists, considerable efforts are being made to understand their functional importance in ecosystems. Parasites play vital role in the trophic cascades of the food web. Environmental change caused by anthropogenic activities result host shift of specialist parasites and this shift of specialized parasites can rapidly to new hosts via ecological fitting play an important role in the ecology and evolution of host-parasite associations. This condition is the primary cause for the Emerging Infectious Diseases when parasite species begin infecting and causing disease in host species with which they have no previous history of association. Therefore, understanding the host parasites interaction and distribution of known and potential pathogens is a vital precondition for optimizing their positive, while minimizing their negative effects on conservation, restoration and sustained development programs.

120-126

Authors: Ritesh Kumar , Prof. Rajpal Singh

Diversity plays a vital role in the success of business if it is managed properly. Age diversity is the heterogeneity in the organization in term of age. In every organization, there is a conflict between the mindset of generations. Conservative and modern thinking in organization cause resistance of decisions. Although both experienced and young employees were fruitful for the organization if they were properly managed. This paper primarily investigates how the age diversity affects the performance of private bank employees. Under the present study, 100 employees of different private sector banks branches located in Rohtak city were sorted out on the basis of convenience sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire was used to acquire data from respondents. Different statistical tools such as descriptive, correlation were used in this study to test the hypothesis. Results revealed that there is a moderately positive relationship between age diversity and employees performance.

146-157

Authors: Mohana Krishna Irrinki , Kuberudu Burlakanti

All the stakeholders of the economy had identified the need and importance of financial inclusion in the overall development of any country. Banking sector plays a very vital role in the success of financial inclusion. Government and RBI had formulated various programs, schemes and financial services for the financial betterment of the low income groups. Various initiations were taken in implementing financial inclusion and banks were asked to set self-regulated targets through financial inclusion plans through which the unbanked villages across the country were assigned to various banks and these banks were asked to bring all the unbanked segments into the banking fold. The paper aims at the evaluation of financial inclusion through the various parameters considered for the growth of financial inclusion. The banks through the efforts of their branches and Business Correspondents have seen the continuous growth in opening the bank accounts, issue of Kisan Credit Cards & General Credit Cards and the volume and value of transactions in the bank accounts. Financial Inclusion Plans of the banks are helping a lot in moving towards inclusive growth.

175-184

Authors: Shyama Prasad Chattopadhyay

Water and Sanitation is one of the primary drivers of public health. Poor hygiene, inadequate quantities and quality of drinking water and lack of sanitation facilities cause millions of the India’s poorest people to die from preventable diseases each year. The MPTAST has been extending technical assistance to the State Government of Madhya Pradesh to improve their water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) planning, delivery, and monitoring mechanisms, and to accelerate the sanitation coverage through a community-led approach. One of the key components of technical assistance under the WASH program was to provide training to Front Line Workers (FLWs) as they play an important role to assist the communities in raising awareness & motivation. This awareness & motivation of the community members would be created a demand for WASH services to access & leverage govt. support schemes and funds under the Govt. of India flagship program “Swachh Bharat Mission”. The IIHMR on behalf of MPWASH were organized district/block/ cluster/section wise training of FLWs in selected 7 Districts of Eastern Madhya Pradesh and covered around 98% of target. It was expected that WASH training to FLWs will bring lot of positive changes in orientation & motivating the community people at Village level.

191-201

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

In this paper, Antelope Algorithm (AA) is proposed for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem. A population of candidate solution move toward as a herd of Antelope out a sequence of jumps through the exploration space in order to find the most outstanding solution. The main idea of this algorithm is fairly different from the population based algorithms, as the individual solutions are stirred collectively in a herd-like approach. Projected Antelope Algorithm (AA) algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results show clearly about the superior performance of the projected algorithm in reducing the real power loss.

207-216

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper presents Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) for solving reactive power problem. Alike other local exploration methods, this Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) also swap general solution (fresh_Config) with most excellent results (most excellent_Config) that have been found by then. This deed prolong until stop conditions is offered. In this algorithm, new solutions are selected from neighbours. Selection strategy is different from other approaches. In order to evaluate validity of the proposed Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) algorithm, it has been tested on standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and compared to other standard reported algorithms. Results show that Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) reduces the real power loss and voltage profiles are within the limits.

223-227

Authors: डॉ. आर.के. डी. र्नलंर्त कु मारी राजपक

प्रेमचन्द (1880-1936) और श्री लंका क े प्रमुख कहानीकार मार्टिन विक्रमसिंह (1890 स े सन् 1976) अलग-अलग देशों से ह ैं फिर भी उनकी कहानियों में बह ुत सी समानताएँ पाई जाती ह ैं। समकालीन होने क े नात े दोनों कहानीकारों की विषयवस्तु पर तत्कालीन समस्याओं का प्रभाव पड ़ा ह ै। प्रेमचन्द तथा मार्टिन विक्रमसिंह की कहानियों में चित्रात्मकता और अलंकारिकता का प्रयोग मिलता ह ै। प्रेमचंद द्वारा विरचित ‘फातिहा’, ‘तगादा’ तथा मार्टिन विक्रमसिंह की ‘विनोदास्वादय’, ‘वहल्लु’, ‘धात ु कोलाहलय’, ‘बडगिन्न‘, ‘मुदियान्से मामा’ तथा‘ अहि ंसावादिया’ कहानियों में क ुछ स्थलों का वर्ण न पाठका े ं क े मन म ें एक चित्र सा खिंच जाता ह ै। चित्रात्मक शैली द्वारा दोनों की कहानियों में वर्णि त घटनाआ ें म े ं सजीवता आ गयी ह ै। प्रेमचंद की कहानियों की अलंकारिकता क े प्रयोग क े लिए सुजान भगत, पूस की रात, अलगोझा, पत्नी स े पति आदि कहानियाँ उदाहरण ह ैं। मार्टिन विक्रमसिंह द्वारा विरचित ‘धात ुकोलाहलय’, ‘हदँ साक्कि कीम’, ‘गॅह ॅणियक’, ‘हिस्कबल’, ‘उपासकम्मा‘, ‘परकारयाट गल गॅसीम’ तथा ‘बेगल‘ आदि कहानियों में अलंकारिकता विद़यमान ह ै। इस प्रकार प्रेमचंद तथा मार्टिन विक्रमसिंह विशिष्ट प्रकार से भाषा में चित्रात्मकता तथा अलंकारिकता लाकर पाठकों को आकर्षित करने में सफल ह ुए।

236-251

Authors: Charles Richard Oyier , Paul Amollo Odundo

Planning for instructional resources demands that money be set aside and budgeted for to make them available and adequate in secondary schools. To adequately avail science instructional resources a policy driven budgeting process is essential. The influence of budgeting process on instructional management and the extent of involvement of science teachers have not been highlighted through empirical data. This study adopted stakeholder theory and obtained information from science teachers in secondary schools within Nairobi County, Kenya. From 96 science teachers in 33 secondary schools of Nairobi County obtained using stratified random samplings. 89 filled questionnaires. Findings of this study established that science teachers are involved in the budgeting process for sourcing of instructional resources in Kenyan secondary schools was considered in terms of their participation in strategic planning (mean 3.20), departmental meetings (mean 3.46), and budgeting committee (mean of 3.33) and in pre-budget consultations (mean of 3.33) and post-budget consultations (mean of 3.31) (mean of 3.42).

260-266

Authors: Subhankar Manna , Malathi G.

Healthcare industry collects huge amount of unclassified data every day. For an effective diagnosis and decision making, we need to discover hidden data patterns. An instance of such dataset is associated with a group of metabolic diseases that vary greatly in their range of attributes. The objective of this paper is to classify the diabetic dataset using classification techniques like Naive Bayes, ID3 and k means classification. The secondary objective is to study the performance of various classification algorithms used in this work. We propose to implement the classification algorithm using R package. This work used the dataset that is imported from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, Diabetes 130-US hospitals for years 1999-2008 Data Set. Motivation/Background: Naïve Bayes is a probabilistic classifier based on Bayes theorem. It provides useful perception for understanding many algorithms. In this paper when Bayesian algorithm applied on diabetes dataset, it shows high accuracy. Is assumes variables are independent of each other. In this paper, we construct a decision tree from diabetes dataset in which it selects attributes at each other node of the tree like graph and model, each branch represents an outcome of the test, and each node hold a class attribute. This technique separates observation into branches to construct tree. In this technique tree is split in a recursive way called recursive partitioning. Decision tree is widely used in various areas because it is good enough for dataset distribution. For example, by using ID3 (Decision tree) algorithm we get a result like they are belong to diabetes or not.

277-287

Authors: Leizou, K. E , Nduka J. O , Verla A.W

The purpose of this study is to evaluate some major physical, chemical variables and heavy metals in water of the Brass River, Bayelsa State, South-South, Nigeria and assess the potential ecological risk. The variables investigated were: pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, TSS, Cl- , SO2- 4, HCO- 3, TH, TA, Ca2+, K and Mg2+ , while the heavy metals were: Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd, Ni and Cr respectively. The results showed that pH, EC, TDS, Cl-, SO4, TA, TH, Na and K were appreciably high and the heavy metals: Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd, Ni was found at low concentration, Cr and Mn was below detection limits (BDL). Water quality index (WQI) was computed in order to assess suitability to beneficial purposes and assess the potential ecological risk of the Brass River. The results obtained on WQI from the four sampling stations (Mouth, Upstream, Downstream and Middlestream) fluctuate from 84.13 to 86.36. Hence, the Brass River water quality is considered good based on the water quality index (WQI). A comparative analysis of this study with FEPA, CCME standards for brackish water revealed that the results obtained in this study were within the permissible limits and concomitant with documented studies from similar environments.