INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

1-6

Authors: Dr.N.Ramakrishnan

Whatsapp has attracted over 1.2.billion people worldwide. It uses the Internet to make voice calls, one to one video calls; send text messages, images, GIF, videos, documents, user location, audio files, phone contacts and voice notes to other users using standard cellular mobile numbers. Its use in the administrative side is also on the increase. Recently IAS officers and CEOs have created Whatsapp groups to pass on messages. It is in vogue now. It has many conveniences of sending JPEG, PDF files, photos, videos and audio. There are many apps which are competing with Whatsapp but Whatsapp has emerged as number one among them. The study here is to know the use of Whatsapp for language learning. Overall perception is that the use of English language in the Whatsapp and other social media is on the increase. Immediately it has struck all of us one question that is does it increase the language proficiency of students and others? If so, what would be the effect on the learning of foreign language? It is doing a yeoman service to the students to develop competency in foreign language. English is the most common and widely used language. It is a library and laboratory language too. Development of English language proficiency among B.Ed. trainees is very crucial as it leads to better transaction in the classroom. The marketing of their professional degree is also possible with sound knowledge in English. So, it is the natural quest of the researcher here is to study the use of Whatsapp for Development of English Language Proficiency among B.Ed. trainees. The study was conducted among 200 B.Ed. trainees in Madurai district. It is proved from the above table that the B.Ed. students are using whatsapp more for development of English Language proficiency than expected.

24-34

Authors: J. Muthukumari , Dr. N. Ramakrishnan

“Educational Technology is the application of scientific knowledge about learning and the conditions of learning to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and training”. The development of computer and network technology is changing the education scenario and transforming the teaching and learning process from the traditional physical environment to the digital environment. The IX Standard boys in experimental groups of both PPT design and PT design have excelled in e-content on History (the Beginning of Modern Age) than control groups which had gone through History (the Beginning of Modern Age) in traditional method in both PPT design and PT design.

41-45

Authors: Dr. R. Rajan , G.Jayashri

This paper recommends that there is an important role of Information Technology in the field of women empowerment such empowerment could easily be seen higher in the Urban and rural Tamil Nadu. There is high time for providing training for the women with the support of the administration for strengthening the National Computer literacy Mission. There must be the provision of allocation of budget and funding for testing conceptual framework at the grass root level to assess the effectiveness of empowering women through Information Technology. In India, women face enormous challenges with respect to health, education, and economic empowerment. For example, maternal mortality and malnutrition remain major problems, about third of women are unable to read and write, and economic opportunities are limited by pervasive discrimination and lack of access to market information. Mobile innovation is transforming lives for the better for women in a variety of ways across India. We recognize that the scaling of women-centered mobile programs and applications can only be achieved with improved financial, commercial, and marketing incentives and of course, cooperation. Thorough mobile application training we hope make a start – by financially supporting and recognizing innovative mobile and Web based applications and their potential in a public forum.

51-55

Authors: Dr J G Duresh

The Paper entitled “Effacing the Tag of Fundamentalism: A Reading of Moshin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist” attempts to study Moshin Hamid’s strenuous efforts to wipe out the image attached to his native land Pakistan as a Fundamentalist Country. The writer vociferously asserts that Pakistan is not as bad as the International community believes. Inorder to drive home his notion he recollects the experiences of Changez, a Pakistani youngster pursuing higher studies in America. The author tactfully depicts the changing attitude of America against the backdrop of September 11 attack on America. The author gloats over the glorious past of Pakistan, registers its present conflicts and envisages its glorious future.

62-71

Authors: Swaroop Sarkar , V.V.S.Suryanarayana , S.R.Madhan Shankar

Foot-and –Mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a positive sense RNA virus and the genome codes for single polyprotein. The FMDV L protein is located at the N terminus of the polyprotein and is the first gene product released from the nascent polyprotein. The leader L protease which is involved in pathogenesis has two known functions: (i) auto-catalytic removal from the N terminus of the viral polyprotein and (ii) cleavage of the p220 subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F complex, which helps to shut off host protein synthesis. To explore the role of L protease in FMDV pathogenesis we generated synthetic FMDV genome lacking the L gene. The gene was amplified from an infectious cDNA clone of serotype Asia1. Primers corresponding to L protease were designed based on the sequence available in the data base. An amplified DNA of 546bp was purified and cloned into pET28 cloning vector. The sequence analysis revealed the presence of single Open Reading Frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 173 amino acid residues. The sequence alignment using BLAST search in NCBI gene Bank showed 91% homology with FMDV strain A isolate IND17/77 L protease gene. The recombinant plasmids pETLb was transferred into BL21 (DE3) pLysS cells and the IPTG induced expressed protein of 25 KDa was purified by nickel affinity column as per the manufacturer’s protocol (Sigma, USA). The specificity of the expressed protein in was confirmed by western blotting using convalescent cattle serum/ rabbit anti-bovine horse radish peroxidase conjugate and O-Dianisidine Dihydrochloride substrate.

1-14

Authors: Dr.N.Viswanadham

A crucial element in the development of the SME sector is access to finance, particularly to bank financing, given the relative importance of the banking sector in serving this segment. Small Medium Enterprises plays important and crucial roles in the economy development of any country. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the Alternative Strategies on Improving Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) S’ Access to Seed Capital. This study is descriptive and combines both primary and secondary data methods of data collection. The method of convenience sampling was employed in arriving at the 80 SMEs, which the researchers believe possesses the experience relevant for this study and who have sufficient time and were willing to participate. Data are analyzed and summarized by using both SPSS and excel. Key determinants for seed capital acquisition which are: fair and low interest rates; philanthropy; in-excessive demand for collateral security; less cumbersome procedures and realistic repayment schedule. The study further revealed that high interest rates; lack of finances and unfavorable tax charges as major constraints to the growth of SMEs. In a nutshell, the major challenge could be interpreted to mean lack of seed capital.

26-35

Authors: Aiada Daw Mohamed

This cross sectional study was carried out during a four months period from December, 2012 to March, 2013. A total of 140 fresh and frozen ground beef samples were purchased from local butchers and supermarkets in Alexandria. Each of the ground beef sample was analyzed for its microbiological quality (Aerobic plate count, total coliform count and E. coli count) as well as for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. Out of the 140 studied ground meat samples, 75(53.6%) proved to be unsatisfactory according to the three tested parameters. None out of 140 examined ground meat samples showed E. coli O157:H7.

44-51

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper presents Improved Frog Leaping (IFL) algorithm for solving optimal reactive power problem. Comprehensive exploration capability of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and good local search ability of Frog Leaping Algorithm (FLA) has been hybridized to solve the reactive power problem and it overcomes the shortcomings of premature convergence. In order to evaluate the validity of the proposed Improved Frog Leaping (IFL) algorithm, it has been tested in Standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and compared to other standard algorithms. Simulation results show that proposed Improved Frog Leaping (IFL) algorithm has reduced the real power loss considerably and voltage profiles are within the limits.

68-79

Authors: R.Ramesh, Dr. B. R. Doraswamy Naick

To study the engineering college faculties by use of electronic information resources, which are circumstances in the Kanchikacherla village engineering colleges. There are up to three engineering colleges in this village, the study mainly conducted only this engineering colleges only. This paper fundamental study is workforce use of various electronic information resources in three engineering colleges’ faculty. To locate the quantity of faculty knows how to use the electronic information resources in the segment of three engineering colleges. For the purpose of study structured questionnaires were designed. A total 420 questionnaires were distributed among the faculty of three engineering colleges. There is 255 filled –up questionnaires were received back consisting of 60.71% responses only. Balance 65 questionnaires are not filled any faculty. The survey implies the how the faculty are using the electronic information resources in their teaching, research and personal subject development purpose.

91-94

Authors: Miss Sobita Tokbipi

The Karbi Anglong district of Assam is very rich in natural resources. This district has very low infrastructure facilities as well as low percentage of literacy. Our government both at the centre and in the state have tried to improve and expand education since the attainment of freedom. In Karbi Anglong district, many children leave the schools even before completing the primary education. The present education system in Karbi Anglong district is not satisfactory with respect to competitive world. The problem of education is somewhat different from other district of Assam. The rate of literacy is still very low in this district because there are many hindrance in the education system. Another very serious problem of education in Karbi Anglong district is the differences in educational attainment between male and female. This district is facing from big educational problem even though our government has taken many steps and measurement. Therefore, our state government should take proper action to some extent to be at par with the modern competitive world. The present problem of education should be identified and proper step should be taken to solve this problem.

99-105

Authors: Victoria E.Tamban , Gloria L. Banasihan

This study aimed to determine the relationships of big five personality traits and teaching performance of faculty of College of Teacher Education, Laguna State Polytechnic University Los Baños Campus, Los Baños, and Laguna. The study was conducted at the College of Teacher Education (CTE) of Laguna State Polytechnic University-Los Baňos Campus during 1st semester of Academic Year 2015-2016 employing correlational research design. The respondents of the study were the 20 faculty of CTE consist of 2 Associate Professors, 10 Assistant Professors and 7 Instructors. A valid survey questionnaire on determining the level of big five personality traits adapted from the site of personality-testing.info, courtesy ipip.ori.org and the IPCR Evaluation are the instruments of this study. Frequency count, percentage and mean were used to describe the profile of the respondents and their teaching performance. Pearson r was used to determine the significant relationship between teachers’’ big five personality traits and their’ teaching performance. The results describe that teachers tend be about average in most of the big five personality traits except from neuroticism which shows a relatively low description. The results also revealed a weak correlation between variables such that it determined that there is no significant relationship the level of big five personality traits and the teaching performance of the respondents. Based on the conclusions the researchers suggested to have further study since it is limited only to the faculty of Teacher Education and also it is highly recommended to correlate teaching performance including students’ evaluation for their teachers and the academic performance of the students with teachers’ personality traits since the teaching performance is one of the factors that affect the students’ academic performance.

116-123

Authors: K. Sivasubramaniyan

Majority of the countries in the world has been functioning with its involvement in one or more of the three sectors of the economy such as agriculture, industry and services. In India, a large proportion of population live in poverty due to low level of skill development who are unable to cope with the available employment opportunities in the three sectors of the economy. Proper skill training not only benefits the work force and allows it to earn a decent living, but also contributes to the national economy by enhancing better productivity through the work force. Although India is an agricultural country, its importance in terms of giving employment and to generate adequate income to the people engaged in the sector has been gradually and steadily declining overtime. Consequently, industry and service sectors have been absorbing the displaced agricultural population to some extent. To what extent all the three sectors help the people to get employment and earn income for their livelihood in India, especially in the four southern states of India is discussed in the paper.

132-144

Authors: Ibrahim Emaeldin , Fatima Fadul Ali , Mohamed Osman Elamin , Elfatih Aburass

The use of insecticide leads to considerable health hazards for people, due to direct contact during application, contamination of food or drinking water. The effects of the dispersal and negligent handling of insecticide are a significant global health problem. WHO, estimated that one million unintentional acute insecticide poisonings occurred worldwide annually. It was expected that 735,000 cases of specific chronic effects and 37,000 unspecific health effects such as forms of cancer would occur annually. This emphasizes the role of awareness as a core element in protection of handlers. The study was conducted as a quasi-experimental design in BahrI locality among Malaria Control workers to assess the effect of health education on knowledge attitude and practice among Malaria Control Workers towards Chemical Insecticide Handling during the period of 2014- 2016 . A sample size of 80-targeted workers was taken by total Coverage due to the limited number of workers. Data was collected by questionnaire, observation, interviews and Reports and records. The methods used in intervention includes; training of trainers, lectures on insecticides hazard for human being and environment safe insecticides handling, posters to explain the lectures , pamphlets about safe handling of insecticides and about insecticides poisoning and first aid of insecticides Poisoning and videos to reinforce the lectures. In addition use a comprehensive questionnaire pre and post to evaluate the effect of health education. Data collected was analyzed manually and by computer using SPSS program.

152-163

Authors: Sudha Brahma Naidu P. , P. S. Kishore

The most desirable feature in any thermal equipment is the enhancement of heat transfer. Heat transfer is basically a slow process and is enhanced by adopting passive or active methods of enhancement. In passive enhancement methods, heat transfer is increased without demanding any external power source; while in active method, enhancement in heat transfer demand external power. In this work, a passive enhancement method is proposed and tested to check the extent of heat transfer enhancement noticed. A tube in shell heat exchanger is designed with circumferential fins attached along the length of tube and a spiral insert running inside the tube. One fluid is made to flow inside the tube under the influence of twisted tape and the shell side fluid is running around the tube continuously provoked by fins. Therefore, the hot and cold fluids were estimated to exchange more heat because of thorough mixing initiated in their flow paths. In this work, analysis was made in CFD package by creating a model that simulates experimentations observed in the literature. The results of experiments and results of CFD analysis were compared. Noticing the agreement between the results, the CFD model is given enhancements like circumferential fins and twisted tape to check the enhancement in heat transfer. The velocity and temperature contours were observed at various flow conditions (Reynolds numbers). Based on results of analysis, thermal performance factor is also estimated to check the increment in heat transfer with reference to hydraulic (or flow) parameters.

171-185

Authors: Alexander S. Ryzhkov

Innovative project management methodology for the provision of educational services to the foreign customer was developed. In this methodology is applied the general calculation of a quantitative assessment of the quality of teaching. To significantly reduce the time for calculations, the universal computing program has been created, which allows to process extensive data blocks with the visualization of the results in the two-dimensional coordinate system. This methodology was implemented to working process of Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding. The results made it possible to quickly make adjustments in the educational process in order to improve the quality of educational services for the international customer.

195-205

Authors: Misgana Mitiku

The primary producers of pulses are small-scale farmers with small and dispersed plots under rain-fed conditions with substantially lower yields of less than 0.9 t/ha as compared to the improved faba bean varieties and international yields. There are many biotic and abiotic factors which hampers faba bean production in Ethiopia. From biotic factors chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) is the major fungal disease hampering faba bean production in Ethiopia.). It is a highly prevalent and destructive disease, causing yield loss up to 61% on a susceptible and 34% on tolerant faba bean genotypes in the central highlands. But we can manage this economically important disease in manner which comprises all available diseases management methods in combination that is IPM (Integrated Pest management). So, the objective of this review work was to review available integrated pest management option for management of chocolate spot disease of faba bean in Ethiopia. We can control the disease by using different methods from these late sowing of faba bean, mixed cropping of faba bean with cereal crops and mancozeb spray reduced the disease and increased the grain yield and seed weight over sole and mixed cropping with field pea; also cereal mixing with faba bean has advantages over faba bean mixing with field pea. Suppressive effects can be ascribed to a combination of host biomass reduction, altered microclimate and physical barriers to spore dispersal. Also creation of a physical barrier in the form of non-host plants prevents some of the dispersed spores from being deposited on the host tissue by interception. In Ethiopia, study has revealed that the biological control agents for chocolate spot of faba bean and Bacilli are natural residents of faba bean leaves. Additionally recommendation have been given that, further study has to be done to explore the mode of action by bacillus subtilis against fabae.

217-223

Authors: Dr. P.K. Rejimon

Art is one of the cultural activities of man through which he reaches his ideas, values, feelings, aspirations and reactions to life. The generic purpose of art is to provide aesthetic experience and enjoyment to the recipient. Art give outlet to the artist himself to reveal and express his innermost aspirations, feelings, sentiments and also the impressions of life. Aesthetics, the branch of philosophy devoted to conceptual and theoretical enquiry into art. Philosophy of Indian art is concerned with the nature of art and the concepts in terms of which individual work of art interpreted and evaluated. It deals with most of the general principles of aesthetic cognition of the world through any human activity. The human concern for art and beauty had been expressed at the very beginning of philosophy both in the East and West and it continues to the present. In India, philosophy of art is designated as saundaryasastra, which is evolved with an emphasis on inducing special spiritual or philosophical states in the audience or with representing them symbolically. It deals with most of the general principles of aesthetic cognition of the world through any human activity. The human concern for art and beauty had been expressed at the very beginning. The rich tradition of Indian aesthetics can be traced back to the second century BC with Bharata’s Natyasastra, the foundation text on Saundaryasastra. Indian aesthetics is evolved with an emphasis on inducing special spiritual or philosophical states in the audience.

230-243

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

In this paper, Condition of Substance Search (COS) algorithm is introduced to solve optimal reactive power dispatch problem. The Condition of Substance Search (COS) algorithm is based on the simulation of the shape of substance incidence. In Condition of Substance Search (COS) algorithm, individuals follow molecules which interrelate to each other by using evolutionary operations which are based on the corporal principles of the thermal-energy motion mechanism. The algorithm is developed by considering each condition of substance in harmony with different exploration–exploitation ratio. The evolutionary progression is alienated into three phases which emulate the three condition of substance: solid, liquid & gas. This technique can considerably improve the equilibrium between exploration–exploitation, however preserving the high-quality search ability of an evolutionary approach. The proposed Condition of Substance Search (COS) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results show clearly the improved performance of the projected Condition of Substance Search (COS) algorithm in reducing the real power loss and voltage stability also enhanced.

250-265

Authors: Sharath Kumar C R

Education makes a man complete and socialized. The aim of education is to make a man physically, mentally, morally and totally mature, practical, job-oriented, independent, openminded, helpful and perfect in every field. It is through schools, that the aim of education can be achieved. In schools, the teacher plays an important role in molding the character of the child. Teachers are the building blocks of an educational edifice. They play a vital role in educating and teaching future generations. They are perceived as the architects of the second creation. Therefore training institutions have played a vital role in ensuring adequate development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for teaching. Education plays an elementary role in the society and we cannot even imagine a life without it. It is a determined element for the civilization of human society. It helps to develop healthy surroundings and it also generates advance community. The modern aim of the education is the wholesome balanced development of the personality. It means moral, social, spiritual, Intellectual, emotional and physical development. All these aspect are equally important for personality development. Personality does not exist in vacuum but to large extent depends upon social environment. Education develops the individual like a flower. This distributes its fragrance all over. Education provides mature person to the society. At the present age of competitive world every human being meets a lot of problem in his daily life. The root of most of human psychological problem is more in socially than psychologically. It is in social situation, a lack of moral judgment as well as Social maturity. Everyone needs knowledge about moral judgment and social maturity for leading a very healthy life in this world. The present study takes a position that moral judgment and social maturity is very important to the B.Ed student teachers and also for all students who live and grow in the complex social environment.

1-7

Authors: R.Sasikala

Data mining is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information. Data mining is applied to find patterns to help in the important tasks of medical diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we present a sensor to measure water level in rivers, lakes, lagoons and streams. For such purpose and to prove our concept, we designed a pilot project through a micro-model that is constructed with a water level measurement sensor based on a simple open circuit that closes when in contact with water and experimentally tested into a water container under a controlled environment. The indicator for acidity, alkalinity, or basic is known as the PH value. A PH value of 7 means a substance is neutral. The lower value indicates acidity, and a higher value is a sign of alkalinity. Side effects that may occur after drugs are added to Bacteriostatic. Water includes fever, abscess formation, venous thrombosis or phlebitis, tissue death, and infections. We are going to implement weka tool to compare the time execution, frequency and an execution process by using a genetic algorithm. Here we used the Ultrasonic Sensor technique to measure the water level. Ultrasonic sensors are based on the measurement of the properties of acoustic waves with frequencies above the human audible range, often at roughly 40 kHz. They typically operate by generating a high-frequency pulse of sound, and then receiving and evaluating the properties of the echo pulse. In this study, the principle of water pinch technology, the optimization of water, steam allocation network have been studied and minimization of freshwater utility and wastewater generation in one of the petroleum refineries of Iran is taken into consideration. In order to research in this field and simplify the relevant calculations, an algorithm was developed and applied for reforming the network. Finally, the micro-model is tested by experimental tests under a controlled environment and satisfactory results are obtained. The experimental evaluation results showed a 99.2% of accuracy and which proves this mechanism effective and reliable in water optimization.

14-24

Authors: Dr.C.Barathi , Mr.A.Naveen

The present study is made on “Preference of English language teaching methods and techniques of prospective teachers in Kongumandalam Region”. A sample of 847 prospective teachers from 41 B.Ed colleges in Kongumandalam region who were studying English pedagogy as main subject has been selected based on simple random sampling technique. This will constitute 71.65 (847/1182) percentage of sample from the total population. A normative research method and survey technique has been adopted. The descriptive statistical analysis shows that the prospective teachers belonging to Coimbatore district had higher preference of English language teaching methods and techniques, and high personality traits and Nilgiris district had high styles of learning and thinking. The level of preference of English teaching methods and techniques, personality traits and style of learning and thinking of prospective teachers was average for the whole sample and sub-sample. The regression statistical analysis had shown that daily newspaper reading, personality traits and speaking in English were the strong predictors of preference of English language teaching methods and techniques of prospective teachers in the Kongumandalam region.

34-39

Authors: S. Ravi , Dr. K. Chinnappan

The present study is aimed at assessing the preferences of ninth standard students in various situations of situational approach of English language teaching. All the ninth standard students studying in the high and higher secondary schools in Thanjavur district form the population of the study. 200 ninth standard students have chosen randomly to form the sample of the study. Percentage analysis was the only statistical technique adopted to compute the number of students preferring each situation. A rating scale for student’s preference towards different situations was prepared and validated by the researcher to collect data. The percentage analysis of the collected data reveals that real life situations are the most preferred situation from the situational approach by ninth standard students; whereas verbal situation is the least preferred by them. Male students, Students from rural area, Students from government and aided schools have more preference towards real life situations; whereas female students, Students from urban area, Students from private schools shown preference towards classroom situations. Without any difference, all the category of students prefers verbal situations as the least effective situations of situational approach of teaching learning process. These findings may be handy in making aware of teachers to use various situations to teach language in the classrooms.

76-82

Authors: Dr.D.Maniazhagu , Mr. Kannadasan , Ms.S.Malar

The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of explosive strength and strength endurance based circuit training on speed performance. To achieve the purpose of the study, thirty boys’ student in the age group 13 to 14 were selected as subjects at random. The selected subjects were from RCM High School, Natarajapuram, Sivagangai(DT), Tamilnadu. The study was formulated as pre and post-test random group design, in which thirty students were divided into three equal groups. The experimental group-1 (n=10, ESbCT) underwent explosive strength based circuit training, the experimental group-2 (n=10, SEbCT) underwent strength endurance based circuit training and group 3 served as control group (n=10, CG) did not undergo any specific training. In this study, two training programme were adopted as independent variables, i.e., explosive strength based circuit training and strength endurance based circuit training. The speed was selected as dependent variables. The speed was tested by 50 meters run recoded in seconds. The selected two treatment group namely explosive strength based circuit training and strength endurance based circuit training were performed five days in week for the period of six weeks, as per the stipulated training programme. The speed performance was collected before and after the training period. The collected pre and post test data was critically analyzed with apt statistical tool of one way analysis of co variance, for observed the significant adjusted post-test mean difference of three groups. The Scheffe’s post hoc test was used to find out pair-wise comparisons between groups. To test the hypothesis 0.05 level of significant was fixed in this study. The nature of speed highly improved in explosive strength based circuit training than the strength endurance based circuit training.

91-95

Authors: S. Valentine Usha Kalaichelvi , Dr. Auxilia Antony , Dr. A. Nelson Vimalanathan

Organizational Culture is defined as the values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of the organization. Organizational culture includes an organizations expectations, experiences, philosophy and values that hold it together and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world and future expectations. This article is going to study about the organizational culture.

100-105

Authors: T.Indumathi , Dr. N. Ramakrishnan

In the present study, Cognitive performance scale has been developed and validated of the High School Students. This scale consists of 58 statements. The simple random sample technique was used for this study. The sample consists of 50 High School Students are randomly selected from the Kancheepuram Districts. The ‘t’ value was used to standardize the tool and finally 37 statements were retained for the final study.

1-10

Authors: Isah B A , Musa Giro A , Yahaya M , Awosan KJ ,Ibrahim MTO , Raji M.O

Abstract Blood in the urine is a common condition seen in people living around the riverine area which may result from bleeding anywhere along the urinary tract. Schistosomiasis is considered to be the commonest cause of haematuria among the inhabitants of riverine areas. Urinary schistosomiasis affects more than 200 million people worldwide and poses a threat to 600 million in more than 76 countries (WHO, 1993). In Africa alone, about 192 million cases of schistosomiasis have been reported; with Nigeria ranking the highest (15% of cases) followed by the United Republic of Tanzania (about 10% of the cases) and the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ghana with 7-8% each. A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted among the inhabitants of Kwalkwalawa village in Wamakko local government Sokoto state, Nigeria. Majority of the respondents (81.4%) had passed bloody urine at one time of their life-time, unfortunately only 3.1% of the affected respondents had ever being to Hospital for treatment. Only 5.7% relates hematuria to contact with river water and the Knowledge score of gross hematuria revealed that only 11.4% have good knowledge of the disease. Perceived Social determinants of the disease in the environment include; Farming, Fishing, washing and Bathing in the River as well as fetching for Domestic use. The lack of proper knowledge of the cause of the disease and insufficient safe water supplies coupled with inadequate health care facilities may have influenced the infection rate and distribution of the disease in the area. In conclusion the study was able to find out a high prevalence of hematuria among the inhabitants of this study area, however, there is poor knowledge of the cause of bloody urine. Most of the respondents believed that bloody urine can be cured and prevented, but few relate it to drug treatment.

18-25

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

In this paper, Enriched Genetic Algorithm (EGA) utilized to solve reactive power optimization problem. In the proposed algorithm Stochastic Universal Selection (SS) is utilized to improve the selection procedure. The selection method in Genetic algorithm (GA) plays a significant role in the runtime to get the optimized solution as well as in the superiority of the solution. In this work, an enriched selection technique is presented which uphold both fast runtime and elevated quality solution. Proposed EGA algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly the advanced performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing the real power loss.

36-42

Authors: M.I. Memon , N. Memon , A.B. Kachiwal , M.R. Memon , S.A. Soomro , Meh- ja- been Memon , Abdullah Sethar

Study was conducted to investigate the consequences of Theileriosis in naturally infected cattle and buffaloes of urban and peri urban areas of Hyderabad. Chemical analysis of milk of infected cows and buffaloes revealed that protein, ash and lactose were significantly declined (P<0.05) whereas, fat and total solids were significantly increased (P<0.05) in Theileria infected cows and buffaloes, but pH and acidity was unaffected. Financial losses occur in terms of reduced quality and severely decreased quantity of milk and meat. The total financial loss including the mortality and decreased quantity of milk and meat was recorded of Rs. 0.17 million / animal in the current study. Theileriosis is one of the main causes of financial losses for livestock holders.

55-62

Authors: Abraham-O. J. , Nwobodo, H. A. , Ngwu, B.A.F. , Onwuatuegwu, J.T.C. , Nwaogwugwu, A. B. , Adelowo, A. E., Adegbite, A. , Chock, J.J. , Ogbonna, O.Q.

Tuberculosis and human Immuno-deficiency virus co-epidemics remain a major public health challenge particularly in resource limited settings. This study determined the prevalence of HIV co-infection among TB patients and the risk factors among patients attending Holly memorial Hospital Ochadamu, Ofu L.G.A., Kogi State, Nigeria. Two hundred (200) patients participated in the research, out of which one hundred and seventy three (173) were already confirmed to be HIV positive. Sputum samples were collected by experts into sample bottles aseptically for Acid fast Bacilli test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis; while blood samples were collected by trained nurses from the same candidates by venepuncture into anticoagulated bottles for HIV screening to re- confirm their status. Questionnaires were also administered to obtain some important demographic data. Sputum smear microscopy was carried out to test for Acid Fast Bacilli. Rapid haemagglutination assay was carried out to re-confirm the HIV status of the patients. Results showed that Twenty seven (27) patients signifying 13.5 % were TB/HIV co-infected. There was significant (p<0.05) relationship between TB and HIV status of the patients and clinical symptoms (dry cough, cough with sputum, weight loss and fever). There is need to study Immuno-haematological indices (CD4 count, Full Blood Count and ESR) routinely to monitor TB and HIV patients on regular basis in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the diseases.

67-78

Authors: Benjamin D, Tiongzon , Adora A. Villaganas , Victor D. Villaganas

This study assessed the practices of the records management system in the public schools in the Division of Mandaue City on the school year 2012-2013 towards the adoption of an Enhanced School Records Management System. The study further considered the profile of the respondent groups as vital variables which significantly affected the performance of the school records officers or custodians. Specifically, this study was conceived to look into the level of implementation of the different components of the Records Management System as perceived by the respondents namely; the functions of School Records Office, the Duties and Responsibilities of the Records Officers and the Records Management Operating Procedures which includes the handling of mails and communications, handling of legal documents and administrative issuances, classification guide for filing school management documents, procedure for filing, servicing with files, request for personal information, access to files, records disposal procedure, preservation of records and the retention period or life cycle of records and documents. The responses were identified and analyzed using the weighted mean formula of which the results were collated and tabulated. Finally, this study aimed to determine the mean difference among the respondent groups’ perceptions on the aforementioned prescribed aspects of the School Records Management which was statistically treated through the t-test model. The tally described the results of the respondents’ perceptions on the two aspects, the functions of the records office and the duties and responsibilities of records officers, as not significantly related to each other. Both respondents were almost attuned in their perceptions on the abovesaid two aspects. However, a different picture had been seen on the third aspect, operating procedures of Records Management, which established a significant mean difference among the perceptions of the respondent groups.

85-93

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper presents a new Lava Heron Optimization (LHO) Algorithm for solving reactive power problem. This algorithm is inspired by the grab skill of the Lava Heron bird. Lava heron bird live in on the freshwater or saline water, swampy marshes or wetlands with tuft of trees mostly in low lying areas, where there are abundant convenience of fishes as their prey. By using the prey catching skill of the Lava Heron bird algorithm has been framed and utilized to minimize the real power loss. Proposed Lava Heron Optimization (LHO) Algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and simulation results demonstrate the commendable performance of the projected Lava Heron Optimization (LHO) Algorithm in reducing the real power loss.

104-108

Authors: Mohammed Seid Legas

Parasites are organisms which metabolically depend upon their hosts. To understand the ecological host shift of a parasite, it is important to look the host-parasite associations with respect to ecological change and factors that generate, maintain, and constrain the associations with implications for a wide range of ecological issues, including the dynamics of emerging infectious diseases. Although, the ecological significance of parasites is almost overlooked for several years by ecologists, considerable efforts are being made to understand their functional importance in ecosystems. Parasites play vital role in the trophic cascades of the food web. Environmental change caused by anthropogenic activities result host shift of specialist parasites and this shift of specialized parasites can rapidly to new hosts via ecological fitting play an important role in the ecology and evolution of host-parasite associations. This condition is the primary cause for the Emerging Infectious Diseases when parasite species begin infecting and causing disease in host species with which they have no previous history of association. Therefore, understanding the host parasites interaction and distribution of known and potential pathogens is a vital precondition for optimizing their positive, while minimizing their negative effects on conservation, restoration and sustained development programs.

120-126

Authors: Ritesh Kumar , Prof. Rajpal Singh

Diversity plays a vital role in the success of business if it is managed properly. Age diversity is the heterogeneity in the organization in term of age. In every organization, there is a conflict between the mindset of generations. Conservative and modern thinking in organization cause resistance of decisions. Although both experienced and young employees were fruitful for the organization if they were properly managed. This paper primarily investigates how the age diversity affects the performance of private bank employees. Under the present study, 100 employees of different private sector banks branches located in Rohtak city were sorted out on the basis of convenience sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire was used to acquire data from respondents. Different statistical tools such as descriptive, correlation were used in this study to test the hypothesis. Results revealed that there is a moderately positive relationship between age diversity and employees performance.

146-157

Authors: Mohana Krishna Irrinki , Kuberudu Burlakanti

All the stakeholders of the economy had identified the need and importance of financial inclusion in the overall development of any country. Banking sector plays a very vital role in the success of financial inclusion. Government and RBI had formulated various programs, schemes and financial services for the financial betterment of the low income groups. Various initiations were taken in implementing financial inclusion and banks were asked to set self-regulated targets through financial inclusion plans through which the unbanked villages across the country were assigned to various banks and these banks were asked to bring all the unbanked segments into the banking fold. The paper aims at the evaluation of financial inclusion through the various parameters considered for the growth of financial inclusion. The banks through the efforts of their branches and Business Correspondents have seen the continuous growth in opening the bank accounts, issue of Kisan Credit Cards & General Credit Cards and the volume and value of transactions in the bank accounts. Financial Inclusion Plans of the banks are helping a lot in moving towards inclusive growth.

175-184

Authors: Shyama Prasad Chattopadhyay

Water and Sanitation is one of the primary drivers of public health. Poor hygiene, inadequate quantities and quality of drinking water and lack of sanitation facilities cause millions of the India’s poorest people to die from preventable diseases each year. The MPTAST has been extending technical assistance to the State Government of Madhya Pradesh to improve their water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) planning, delivery, and monitoring mechanisms, and to accelerate the sanitation coverage through a community-led approach. One of the key components of technical assistance under the WASH program was to provide training to Front Line Workers (FLWs) as they play an important role to assist the communities in raising awareness & motivation. This awareness & motivation of the community members would be created a demand for WASH services to access & leverage govt. support schemes and funds under the Govt. of India flagship program “Swachh Bharat Mission”. The IIHMR on behalf of MPWASH were organized district/block/ cluster/section wise training of FLWs in selected 7 Districts of Eastern Madhya Pradesh and covered around 98% of target. It was expected that WASH training to FLWs will bring lot of positive changes in orientation & motivating the community people at Village level.

191-201

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

In this paper, Antelope Algorithm (AA) is proposed for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem. A population of candidate solution move toward as a herd of Antelope out a sequence of jumps through the exploration space in order to find the most outstanding solution. The main idea of this algorithm is fairly different from the population based algorithms, as the individual solutions are stirred collectively in a herd-like approach. Projected Antelope Algorithm (AA) algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results show clearly about the superior performance of the projected algorithm in reducing the real power loss.

207-216

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper presents Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) for solving reactive power problem. Alike other local exploration methods, this Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) also swap general solution (fresh_Config) with most excellent results (most excellent_Config) that have been found by then. This deed prolong until stop conditions is offered. In this algorithm, new solutions are selected from neighbours. Selection strategy is different from other approaches. In order to evaluate validity of the proposed Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) algorithm, it has been tested on standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and compared to other standard reported algorithms. Results show that Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) reduces the real power loss and voltage profiles are within the limits.

223-227

Authors: डॉ. आर.के. डी. र्नलंर्त कु मारी राजपक

प्रेमचन्द (1880-1936) और श्री लंका क े प्रमुख कहानीकार मार्टिन विक्रमसिंह (1890 स े सन् 1976) अलग-अलग देशों से ह ैं फिर भी उनकी कहानियों में बह ुत सी समानताएँ पाई जाती ह ैं। समकालीन होने क े नात े दोनों कहानीकारों की विषयवस्तु पर तत्कालीन समस्याओं का प्रभाव पड ़ा ह ै। प्रेमचन्द तथा मार्टिन विक्रमसिंह की कहानियों में चित्रात्मकता और अलंकारिकता का प्रयोग मिलता ह ै। प्रेमचंद द्वारा विरचित ‘फातिहा’, ‘तगादा’ तथा मार्टिन विक्रमसिंह की ‘विनोदास्वादय’, ‘वहल्लु’, ‘धात ु कोलाहलय’, ‘बडगिन्न‘, ‘मुदियान्से मामा’ तथा‘ अहि ंसावादिया’ कहानियों में क ुछ स्थलों का वर्ण न पाठका े ं क े मन म ें एक चित्र सा खिंच जाता ह ै। चित्रात्मक शैली द्वारा दोनों की कहानियों में वर्णि त घटनाआ ें म े ं सजीवता आ गयी ह ै। प्रेमचंद की कहानियों की अलंकारिकता क े प्रयोग क े लिए सुजान भगत, पूस की रात, अलगोझा, पत्नी स े पति आदि कहानियाँ उदाहरण ह ैं। मार्टिन विक्रमसिंह द्वारा विरचित ‘धात ुकोलाहलय’, ‘हदँ साक्कि कीम’, ‘गॅह ॅणियक’, ‘हिस्कबल’, ‘उपासकम्मा‘, ‘परकारयाट गल गॅसीम’ तथा ‘बेगल‘ आदि कहानियों में अलंकारिकता विद़यमान ह ै। इस प्रकार प्रेमचंद तथा मार्टिन विक्रमसिंह विशिष्ट प्रकार से भाषा में चित्रात्मकता तथा अलंकारिकता लाकर पाठकों को आकर्षित करने में सफल ह ुए।

236-251

Authors: Charles Richard Oyier , Paul Amollo Odundo

Planning for instructional resources demands that money be set aside and budgeted for to make them available and adequate in secondary schools. To adequately avail science instructional resources a policy driven budgeting process is essential. The influence of budgeting process on instructional management and the extent of involvement of science teachers have not been highlighted through empirical data. This study adopted stakeholder theory and obtained information from science teachers in secondary schools within Nairobi County, Kenya. From 96 science teachers in 33 secondary schools of Nairobi County obtained using stratified random samplings. 89 filled questionnaires. Findings of this study established that science teachers are involved in the budgeting process for sourcing of instructional resources in Kenyan secondary schools was considered in terms of their participation in strategic planning (mean 3.20), departmental meetings (mean 3.46), and budgeting committee (mean of 3.33) and in pre-budget consultations (mean of 3.33) and post-budget consultations (mean of 3.31) (mean of 3.42).

260-266

Authors: Subhankar Manna , Malathi G.

Healthcare industry collects huge amount of unclassified data every day. For an effective diagnosis and decision making, we need to discover hidden data patterns. An instance of such dataset is associated with a group of metabolic diseases that vary greatly in their range of attributes. The objective of this paper is to classify the diabetic dataset using classification techniques like Naive Bayes, ID3 and k means classification. The secondary objective is to study the performance of various classification algorithms used in this work. We propose to implement the classification algorithm using R package. This work used the dataset that is imported from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, Diabetes 130-US hospitals for years 1999-2008 Data Set. Motivation/Background: Naïve Bayes is a probabilistic classifier based on Bayes theorem. It provides useful perception for understanding many algorithms. In this paper when Bayesian algorithm applied on diabetes dataset, it shows high accuracy. Is assumes variables are independent of each other. In this paper, we construct a decision tree from diabetes dataset in which it selects attributes at each other node of the tree like graph and model, each branch represents an outcome of the test, and each node hold a class attribute. This technique separates observation into branches to construct tree. In this technique tree is split in a recursive way called recursive partitioning. Decision tree is widely used in various areas because it is good enough for dataset distribution. For example, by using ID3 (Decision tree) algorithm we get a result like they are belong to diabetes or not.

277-287

Authors: Leizou, K. E , Nduka J. O , Verla A.W

The purpose of this study is to evaluate some major physical, chemical variables and heavy metals in water of the Brass River, Bayelsa State, South-South, Nigeria and assess the potential ecological risk. The variables investigated were: pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, TSS, Cl- , SO2- 4, HCO- 3, TH, TA, Ca2+, K and Mg2+ , while the heavy metals were: Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd, Ni and Cr respectively. The results showed that pH, EC, TDS, Cl-, SO4, TA, TH, Na and K were appreciably high and the heavy metals: Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd, Ni was found at low concentration, Cr and Mn was below detection limits (BDL). Water quality index (WQI) was computed in order to assess suitability to beneficial purposes and assess the potential ecological risk of the Brass River. The results obtained on WQI from the four sampling stations (Mouth, Upstream, Downstream and Middlestream) fluctuate from 84.13 to 86.36. Hence, the Brass River water quality is considered good based on the water quality index (WQI). A comparative analysis of this study with FEPA, CCME standards for brackish water revealed that the results obtained in this study were within the permissible limits and concomitant with documented studies from similar environments.

1-6

Authors: Dr. S. Bulomine Regi , Dr. S. Anthony Rahul Golden

In the history of Indian taxation, GST is a new phenomenon. It can be said that it is the tax revolutions in India. It has crossed lots of stages in India tax system. It is not easy thing that implementing GST in India. Even though, in the world, it was first implemented in France in 1954, it took these many years to come to India. In this study, the author clearly explains about the GST and its history.

12-23

Authors: Mrs. C. Sumitha , Dr.R.Padmaja

The study of job satisfaction among Bank employees is important because there are various aspects of the job that are highly attractive and lead to satisfaction and aspects of the job that lead to dissatisfaction. Positive aspects include the opportunity to work in Bank and employees to accomplish common goals, developing banking background and the ability to work with coworkers. It is important to identify which factors contribute to job satisfaction as well as those that may lead to job dissatisfaction to assure that the manager ship is attractive to potent. There are many variables that have been hypothesized to be a result of job satisfaction or dissatisfaction. It is an established fact that the success of any organization depends on the satisfaction of its work force. The aim of this study is to determine that bank employees are satisfied with their job and also to identify those factors that are of high concern to bank employees regarding their satisfaction.

31-41

Authors: B. Gayathri , V. Sulochana

The concept of mean labeling was introduced by Somasundaram and Ponraj. K-odd mean, (k,d)- odd mean labeling were introduced and discussed by Gayathri and Amuthavalli. K-mean, k-even mean and (k,d)-even mean labeling were further studied by Gayathri and Gopi. We have obtained (k,1)-mean labeling for some new families of graphs. We have introduced (k,d)-mean labeling and obtained results for some family of trees and for some special graphs. In this paper, we investigate (k,d)-mean labeling for some disconnected graphs. Here k and d denote any positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

48-55

Authors: Dr.J.Mohamed Ali , Mrs.N.Thahira

Human resource management is an art of managing people at a work in such manner that they give their best to their organization. In simple word HRM refers to the quantitative aspects of employees working in an organization. Stress is a part of day-to-day living of every individual. We generally believe that the stress is caused by the external events and the dynamics of the environment. But we need to emphasis the fact that the Stress is caused by our reaction to the external environment.

63-67

Authors: Dr.V. Suseela , B.Srilakshmidevi

The aim of the study was to determine the Effect of yogic practices on flexibility among Annamalai University students 20 subjects were selected from ‘Annamalai University’, chidambaram students were selected. They were selected randomly and their age group was between 15 to 30 years. Single group formed. All are in Experimental group. The experimental group participated in yogic practice training and for 6 weeks. The data were collected in the beginning and at the end. The training schedule was prepared systemically. The significance was tested at 0.05 levels.