INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

1-13

Authors: Dr. Jyoti Sharma

India and Pakistan are two strategically important neighboring countries in Asia-Pacific region. Since independence of more than six decades, both, India and Pakistan have transverse different paths, India as a Sovereign, Democratic, Republic Country and Pakistan as Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The advent of democracy in India and Islamic republic in Pakistan resulted in new hopes, aspirations and demands on education. During the six decades after Independence, teacher education in both countries has come a long way from its initial bleak stature to gain an identity as a complex network of institutions and programs. The present paper takes a close look into the paradigm shift in teacher education programs in India and Pakistan and how much the shift is influenced by constitutional frameworks of each country. Paper looks into the pertinent issues in pre-service teacher education such as pedagogical beliefs, theory-practice gaps, curriculum and assessment within the educational framework of both the countries. The paper identifies crucial areas that demands attention of academia of both the countries to develop research partnerships and strengthen cooperation to improvise status of “Education” as a whole in South –Asian region.

20-37

Authors: Dr. Samuel Atindanbila, Mr. Asafo Seth Mawusi, Mr. Alexander Attiogbe, Mr. Edward Abasimi, Mr. Philemon Amooba

This study explores the biopsychosocial factors that affect the decision of Ghanaian men to use sexual enhancers/aphrodisiacs. The study was qualitative in nature and made use of thematic content analysis as its main tool of analysis. Two focus groups involving ten (10) participants were used in the study. Participant age ranges was between 25 – 59 years. Findings indicated that the decision to use an aphrodisiac involve a complexity of interactions between social, psychological and biological factors. The main social findings were that a man’s sexual ability to perform sex is indicative of status and prestige in society. The psychological reason for the use of aphrodisiacs was to punish women. The biological reasons were to use sexual enhancers as tools to prove masculinity and as a function of age and absence of disease. The study also gave the easy availability of sexual enhancers in Ghana, as one of the reasons. Recommendations centred on education on the effects of sexual enhancers and their availability on the market be controlled.

49-60

Authors: Sabuj Das

In this article the rank of a partition of an integer is a certain integer associated with the partition. The term has first introduced by freeman Dyson in a paper published in Eureka in 1944. In 1944, F.S. Dyson discussed his conjectures related to the partitions empirically some Ramanujan’s famous partition congruences. In 1921, S. Ramanujan proved his famous partition congruences: The number of partitions of numbers 5n+4, 7n+5 and 11n +6 are divisible by 5, 7 and 11 respectively in another way. In 1944, Dyson defined the relations related to the rank of partitions. These are later proved by Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer in 1954. The proofs are analytic relying heavily on the properties of modular functions. This paper shows how to generate the generating functions for N(1,n),N(1,n),N(2,n),N(m,n),N(0,5,n),N(1,5,n)... In this paper, we show how to prove the Dyson’s conjectures with rank of partitions.

69-83

Authors: Roy Bikram Jit, Nripendra Kumar Singha, S.M.Hasan Ali, Md. Gaziur Rhaman, Md. Fukrul Alam

The study was conducted during July, 2003 to June, 2013 about landing volumes of shark fishery (sharks and rays) in artisanal and industrial fishing sector only in group- wise not in species wise. In these periods, in artisanal fisheries gill nets (shark nets), set bag nets, long lines and trammel nets exploiting data were analyzed. But from 2012-13 periods in industrial fisheries harvesting data of sharks and rays by trawl fishing were started to record keeping in group wise. During 2012-13 total sharks and rays landing volume contributes only 0.85% (5017 MT) of total the marine fish production of Bangladesh. During 2010-11 to 2012-13 no sharks and rays product items had been traded from Bangladesh due to international market ban But from 2003-04 to 2009-10 period sharks and rays product with fish maws export to the Myanmar, India, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, USA and other countries. Dried and iced sliced meat of shark and rays, its sun-dried hide, bones, fins, tails, teeth and shark liver oil all are sold for local consumers, but only sets of fins (2 pectoral, 2 pelvic, 1 dorsal, 2 anal and 1 caudal fin) and skins were exporting to the foreign markets, which has been stopped now. In the year 2009-10 total 955 MT of sharks and rays product (with fish maws) were exporting and earning (app.) USD 1.60 million. For the conservation and management of shark fishery need National Plan of Action, which exploiting in the MSY and help to banning of critically endangered sharks and rays species. Appropriate law in the Fish Act (at present Fish Act has no forms of restriction for harvesting sharks, while Forestry Act restricts it in Sundarbans area) for sustainable harvesting and conservation of the elasmobranchs. Such law should include how many boats (motorized- and non-motorized) and industrial trawlers could be allowed to harvest sharks from which area, in which season and the allowable limit of harvests; in every case proper ways of fishing methods should strictly be followed. Coastal areas around Saint Martin’s Island and Sundarbans proposed by the Bay of Bengal should be declared as Marine Protected Area as most sharks use these areas as their nursing grounds.

99-107

Authors: Leili Shahlaei, Shahizan Hasan, Norshafrin Ahmad, S. Kiumarsi

The study aimed at investigating how to apply two familiar tools formeasuringdepression among diabetic patients in Iran. The study discusses about two inventories and emphasizes that depression is such an important issue that needs to receive a great deal of attention in order to create grounds to be prevented or cured. The issue of concept of tools was also discussed in the study. The discussion in the paper is based on the conceptual framework of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).Thesetools are appropriate for the study because they allowthe reader to understand how to measureand identify symptoms of depression. The paper recommends that the tools should be carefully applied in order to improve mental health and reduce the prevalence of depression.