Science Vision

61-66

Authors: J. Hussain and Lalthlamuana

This paper examines and compares different types of artificial neural networks for recognition of Mizo script. The Mizo script and English script are very similar in nature but special characters – Â, â, Ê, ê, Î, î, Ô, ô, Û, û, Ṭ, and ṭ – are incorporated in Mizo scripts which are not available in English script. In this experiment, an attempt was made to recognize Mizo script including capital letter, small letter, numerals, and special characters. The approach involves processing input images, conversion of image characters into binary matrix, analyzing and mapping the binary matrix, training and testing with a set of desired Mizo characters using different types of neural networks such as back propagation algorithm, radial basis function, learning vector quantization, and recurrent neural network. The results are compared with each other and suggest the best artificial neural networks algorithm for use in the recognition of Mizo script.

74-83

Authors: K. Lalduhawma and Shiva Kumar

The area in and around Aizawl City is dominated by Middle and Upper Bhuban rock formations. Geologically and petrologically the area has not been so far explored therefore the present study was initiated. The study area is composed of sandstone and shale belonging to Middle and Upper Bhuban formation and lies in between 92°60’ E longitude and 23°58’ N latitude. Rock samples collected from different sections in the study area were analyzed to study the mineralogical compositions of the rocks and determination of the multi-elemental distribution using high precision X- ray fluorescence analysis. The study shows that the area is dominated by different rock units such as sandstone, shale, siltstone and shaly sandstones belonging to middle and upper Bhuban formation. Petrological studies reveal that sandstone is greywacke exhibiting argillaceous matrix mainly siliceous, ferruginous and calcareous (due to presence of fossils) and rock fragments. The oxide and silica weight percentage observed from the geochemical analysis indicate Na2O, K2O and MgO have the maximum variation in the study area. The trace elements Sc, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Pb, Th, Rb, U, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Cr, V in parts per million (ppm) show a different variation in sandstone, shale and siltstone. Ba is having maximum value >500 ppm followed by Zr in sandstone whereas Cr is maximum in shale. Prominent feature is a persistently higher amount of uranium (~4 ppm) in the rocks of Middle Bhuban rocks in contrast to the average abundance in sandstone i.e. 2 ppm.

89-93

Authors: Aldrin Malsawmtluanga, Lalnunpuia, Lawrence Z. Chhangte, Ricky L. Ralte and Z. Pachuau

A theoretical study of electronic and optical properties of zinc blende structure of BeS is presented by applying the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within density-functional theory (DFT) as implemented in WIEN2k code. Our results are in agreement with previous theoretical and experimental studies on this important semiconductor compound. For the optical calculations, the dipole approximation is used. The imaginary part of dielectric function is calculated in momentum representation, which requires matrix elements of the momentum p between occupied and unoccupied states. The microscopic origin of the main features in the optical spectra is identified and also the factors responsible for most of the optical absorption.