The Swedish Journal of Scientific Research

1-9

Authors: Kadour Brahimi – Habib Bensikaddour

This research aims to apply some modern teaching strategies as a guide for the detection of 9-10 years old students excellent in the domain of the psychomotor; thus, we assumed that employing competitive and cooperative learning strategy contributes to the detection of excellent students (9-10 years old).To conduct this research, we used the experimental method, where the research sample included 30 pupils chosen randomly from the population of (75) pupil by 40% on which we adopted some physical and motor abilities tests (25 m run movement, test of multi-jump for 10 Steps, long standing jump, Bend the trunk from the sitting position, Running winding, Run between cones, Sports achievement tests, 50 m test run of sitting, 1 kg Shot Putting, long jump,1000 m run. As a result, we reached that diversity in the activation of competitive and cooperative teaching strategy does not only contribute to the development of some physical abilities, but also to improve sports achievements. In addition, the use of cooperative teaching strategy helps as a guide for the detection of excellent students (9-10 years old).For this; we recommend the necessity to develop appropriate teaching strategies for the development of talent that enriches the excellent learners. We also suggest the need to apply the competitive and cooperative teaching strategy to increase the awareness of students excelling among themselves and self-learning skills to develop their talents in various sports activities as well as giving training programs for teachers in terms of how to detect excellent learners in physical education (PE). Keywords: Teaching strategy, Excellent Students, Domain of Psychomotor

16-19

Authors: Hayder Hassan Lafta

The significance of the study was found on evaluating the reality of practical application problems for the fourth year students, Faculty of Sport Education, Baghdad University to determine issues and aspects that accompany this application in middle schools. The problem was the performance of practical application by teachers and learners in schools despite their preparation in the study period. Therefore, the researcher decided to find relevant solutions to this problem. The study aims to evaluate the reality of practical application problems for the fourth year students, Faculty of Sport Education, Baghdad University to determine issues and aspects that accompany this application in middle schools. The researcher used the descriptive method to match the sample of the study. Moreover, the study concluded that: teachers who supervise students practically shall have sufficient inspiration in training methods and supervisors should record their notes accurately on a notebook or a record after each visit to observe the progress by practitioners in next visits. Finally, the researcher recommends that it is necessary for middle school managers to facilitate tasks for practitioner students, treat them as the rest of teachers in the school, provide continuous guidance for them, introduce them to systems and instructions and prepare physical education lessons well in order to help students in their work along application period. Keyword: practical Lesson Management, Middle Schools

26-31

Authors: Faiza Abdeljabbar Ahmed – Ahmed Hassan Yas

The level of fitness components changes with long studying periods starting from the level of juniors till achievement level according to their abilities. Therefore, it is important to develop some fitness components for junior ages: (14 – a6) years old to be consistent with requirements of athletics activity quality wrongly. This formed the problem of the study that says that there is a vacillation in performing training during exercise process despite their talents and being selected due to special tests. Therefore, the researchers decided to dedicate a special study through the use of special high intensity training with (maximum stationary and curling) methods. The study aims to prepare training or define the effect of this training on some fitness components and define preference of the effect of high intensity training with (maximum stationary and curling) methods for junior ages between 14 and 16 years old. Both researchers used the empirical method in solving study problem. The sample was selected purposively and divided into two groups randomly: first group (5 athletes) and second group (5 athletes) as well as performing homogeneity and asymmetry in variables of the study. The study concluded that high intensity training with (maximum and stationary) methods are more influencing than the curling training method except in some variables such as explosive power of arms, speed strength for right and left legs. Both researchers recommended the necessity of using special high intensity training with (maximum and stationary) methods at fitness components training for juniors aging 14 to 16 years old and conduct further studies on other samples for sport events and activities for various age categories (physical and psychological ones). Keyword: High Intensity Training, Fitness, juniors

38-43

Authors: Thabet Eshteewe

The current study aims to determine the level of self-concept for students of the Department of Physical Education – Palestine University and the level of self-concept according to gender and academic year variable for students of the Department of Physical Education – Palestine University and used the descriptive method as it is appropriate to objectives of the study. Among the most significant findings of the study there are: the total level of self-concept for students of physical education in the Palestine Technical University was high as the respond percentage was (82.60%). In addition, there are statistically significant differences at significance level (0.05 ≤ α) in self-concept for students of physical education in the Palestine Technical University at physical and ethical aspects among male and female students in favor of female ones, while there were no statistically significant differences at significance level (0.05 ≤ α) in selfconcept for students of physical education in the Palestine Technical University due to the academic year variable. Among the most significant recommendations by the researcher is that it is necessary for teachers to consider the development of physical characteristics of students, especially self-concept for their positive role in developing fighting spirit and courage to achieve goals and solidarity. Keyword: Education appropriate , Physical, self-concept

1-11

Authors: Evangelos Bekris – Aristotelis Gioldasis

Juggling is considered as a basic technical skill which is often ignored by soccer coaches. It provides players with the ability to control the ball after activities such as corners, free-kicks, goal-kicks, throw-ins, and crosses. Furthermore, juggling improves their coordination and balance abilities. Due to the fact that there is not any systematic study for juggling evaluation with gradual difficulty the current research project aims to develop a battery of juggling tests with increasing difficulty. In addition the researchers include movements which are similar to the game conditions such as zig zag, jumps and various body contacts. In the current study forty four players participated, twenty two of which were experienced soccer players and twenty two were recreational athletes. The results confirmed the reliability and validity of the tests. Furthermore, it was found that the difficulty of the tests was gradually increased when the researchers added limitations regarding time, distance, and contact surfaces. Key-words: soccer, test, skill, technical, juggling

19-30

Authors: Fattin Ali Al-Kaki

The representational systems can be defined as the ways that are favored by learners in receiving and processing information and interact with them as a technique or style to resolve the problem or situations that they face. While the self-efficiency is defined as knowing one's own expectations and ability to overcome the various tasks successfully, and self-contentment and ability to control and overcome the difficult problems that he is facing..In speaking about the researcher's experience as being an instructor in one of Kurdistan universities she found that there are differences in the self-efficiency between practitioners and non-practitioners of sports in the educational institution. Therefore, she decided to conduct a study on representational systems and their relationships with self-efficiency , Thus, the research aims to recognize the favorite representational systems and the self-efficiency of the research sample depending on the variables (gender, academic specialization)..The research sample consisted of (336) students from both practitioners and non-practitioners of the students of sports from (scientific, humanitarian and Physical education) departments. The scale of representational system has been built and the scale of representational systems has been built and the psychometric features has been verified and took out its validity and reliability. Then the researcher applied the two scales on the basic sample of the research and copied the data and processed the results statically. The study results:.The practitioner students of sports of Physical Education prefer the representational system (kinetic sense) on the rest of the systems, while the non-practitioners of the students of sports prefer the representational system (visual) on the rest of the other systems, besides, the practitioners of sports outperform the non-practitioners in the self-efficiency morally. The research aims: 1.Recognize the favorite representational systems and the self-efficiency of the research sample depending on the variables (gender, academic specialization). 2. Recognize the significance of the statistical differences in representational systems and self-efficiency of the research sample depending on the variables (gender, academic specialization). 3.Recognize the relationship between representational systems connectivity depending on variables (gender, academic specialization) and its relationship with self-efficiency of the research sample. The researcher used a descriptive survey method and the sample consisted of (336) students from both practitioners and non-practitioners of the students of sports from (scientific, humanitarian and Physical education) departments. To achieve the objectives of the study a scale of representational systems has been built and the researcher verified the psychometric features of the scale and took out its validity and reliability. Then the researcher applied the two scales on the basic sample of the research and copied the data and processed the results statically. The study results revealed a number of conclusions, including: *Sport practitioners who are students of physical education prefer representational system (kinetic- sense) on the rest of the systems then visual, audio systems. *Non-practitioners who are students of scientific and humanitarian departments preferred the visual representative system than the rest of other systems followed by the kinetic-sense system then audio sense. *The practitioners of the sport Out-perform a non-practitioner in self-efficiency internally. *There is a morale relationship with between the representational systems (visual and kinetic-sense) from one side and self-efficiency from the other side. Key words: Representational systems, self-efficiency, relation, practitioners, non-practitioners of sports

44-49

Authors: Ferdous Majeed Ameen

This work aimed to elicitation the speed of swimming computing the time of performance divided on the distance. Therefore, the speed meaning their achievement and thereafter understanding the relationship between kinematic variables and achievement that lead to final focused recommendations using descriptive method, samples of sixty students were selected intentionally from forth year, school of physical education, Duhok with good performance in swimming. Scientific observation, questionnaire, test, analysis, and measurement were used for data collection, certification of the scientific observation was carried out by two camera one above and other under the water inside glass box closead tritely placed in front of the performance (10 m in the middle of race). The best photos transferred to laptop for application Maxtraq program for kinetic analysis. Results revealed non – significant correlation between some biokinetic variables with achievement i-e weakness of sampling technique. Free-style swimming requires body's extension through extending of hips which showed significant correlation with achievement. Comparable correlation of elbow with achievement means necessity of hand extension to pull more water. However, increasing of leg extension when the right arm enter the water lead to less resistance on the body. Once the right arm enter water, the left hand must gradually extending under water until approach to full extension beside the hip. Thus, inverse considerable correlation resulted between leaf forearm with horizontal line of body Key Words:-Bio Kinematics, Achievement, free style, swimming

55-68

Authors: Atef Rashad Hussein – Moushira Ibrahim El-Agamy

Research objective: Studying the vertebral column morphology in the thoracic , lumbar & sacral sections as well as identifying the incidence of scoliosis in tennis players. Research Sample: 15 players from Sultan Qaboos University tennis Team were chosen by the selective method. Research Methodology & Material :The Spinal Mouse device was used to evaluate the vertebra using descriptive methodology. Research Procedure: Six tests in three positions (Standing ,Flexion and Extension) were done to simulate the physical performance of the sport.Statistical evaluation suitable for the study were used :mean, standard deviation, Spermann and Person correlation factors . Research Results: A higher mean difference in the lumbar areas in the flexion position 48.73 degrees in comparison to the thoracic and sacral area. Meanwhile a higher mean difference for the thoracic and sacral area in the extension position 26.06 & 40.73 degrees consecutively confirmed by Spermann and Person correlation factors. There was no scoliosis in the sample. Research Recommendation: Focusing on strengthening exercises of the abdominal and lower back muscles ensuring the efficacy and stability of the vertebral column. Keywords: different positions - tennis performance - vertebral column morphology

74-80

Authors: Basim Awad Ali – Turki Hilal Kadhim – Basim Jabbar

The significance of the paper is in studying the variable (psychological-personal-emotional compatibility) as it is regraded of the factors which influence the nature of performance, acclimation and goals achievement in harmony with the reality of the society he lives in as well as the importance of the individual's self-apprehension and the ability to know the capabilities and potentials of the individual himself to be able to interact with the different bodily, skillful, and cognitive sides in compatibility with the behavior of the individual along with his activity and level of performance. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach of associative relations. The scale is adopted to (70) players representing (53.84%) of the total study society. While the final scale is applied to (50) players representing (38.46%) of the original society. In this way, the adaptation sample and final scale sample of (120) players in a ratio of (92.30%) of the original society. The level of sportive psychological-personal-emotional compatibility was good in the sample of the study. Any improvement in the level of sportive psychological-personal-emotional compatibility will lead to a development in the skillful performance and vice versa. This encourages other researchers to work on similar studies dealing with other skills, other sports and different samples in various study levels even in terms of the gender of learners. Keywords: psychological-emotional, basic futsal skills

1-6

Authors: Shaza Abdelhafiz Ismail

Knowledge management is of a great importance for all institutions as one of the essential components for institutions’ success, survival and growth. This is made through their ability to contribute to maintenance and development of a far sighted vision through which the institution expresses its future inspirations. In addition, it is the highly influential environmental power that reorganizes physical education teachers in directorates. This power leads to basic change in the institution’s processes and to create the required strategy on time. It also contributes to improve transparency rates, level of documentation, knowledge sharing and communication flexibility. Through the researcher’s experience being a teacher in one of the Iraqi schools, and in Baghdad governorate in particular, she found that there is a variation in knowledge management in the sport education institution. Therefore, she decided to conduct a study on knowledge management, especially in the current situation that witnesses a war targeting all moral, social, cultural and cognitive infrastructures. Thus, the study aimed to find differences among physical education teachers in knowledge management for variables of gender and place. The descriptive surveying method was applied with the comparative manner through the application of knowledge management scale which includes (36) paragraphs distributed on five fields on the sample of the study represented in teachers of physical education at Baghdad, Al Karkh and Al Rasafa directorates (1427 individuals divided into: 720 male teachers and 700 female teachers in the period from 15/12/2015 to 18/01/2016. After finishing answers, questionnaires were collected and audited. The researcher collected the degrees which were obtained by each individual in the sample for each paragraph on the scale in order to extract the total degree which is obtained by each individual. After analyzing results, the researcher found that the sample of the study – teachers of physical education at Baghdad – in general are characterized with knowledge management and there is no variation due to Al Karkh and Al Rasafa areas, while the researcher found that there is a variation in knowledge management among male and female teachers for the sake of female teachers. Keywords: knowledge management, teachers of physical education at Baghdad’s Public Education directorates.

12-16

Authors: Mustafa Bas

Nicotine is a naturally occurring addictive alkaloid and in some cases, is a fatal drug. The long-term noxious effects of nicotine have been reported by means of publications to stop the use of nicotine in the form of tobacco. In this study the use of nicotinic substances was tested during Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnT) on collegiate football athletes. These tests had three possible results: ergogenic, ergolytic or no effect. The subjects were 12 University of Ataturk University football players between the ages of 19 - 23. They did a series of two tests on a Monarch cycle ergometer for 30 seconds at a time on two separate days. One day post-nicotine gum consumption, the another day post-placebo gum consumption. The data received was considered significant with a p-value < 0.05. This experiment showed nicotine’s effect on: peak anaerobic power (P = 0.34), anaerobic capacity (P = 0.92) and anaerobic fatigue percentage (P = 0.33) in the human body during a WAnT. So, the data received from this experiment were concluded not to be statistically significant. Key Words: Nicotine, Wingate test, Anaerobic, Muscle Performance

27-30

Authors: Qays chyad Khalaf

The training process and the followed methods enhanced the athlete’s strength to make performance intensity reach more than 100%. In addition, this training process, at the same time, is not free of drawbacks that may be reflected negatively on the athlete’s health which may lead to many physiological changes whether at the level of cells or blood through formation of free radicals such as oxygen and hydrogen (…..OH, H, O). These radicals are characterized as being atoms with effectiveness and unstable activity. They search for stability, so they attack the cellular wall and interact with phosphoric fats forming this wall and thus they damage it and then the cell. They may also result in damaging the cell’s DNA. As a result, cells and tissues may catch diseases that may start with colds and end with cancer. Therefore, the researcher referred to this destructive effect of free radicals through their high levels over the normal level during practicing wheelchair tennis players the high intensity training units using continuous training method and their reflections on raising the level of glutathione & malondialdehyde enzymes over normal level. The researcher found that high intensity training with continuous method was connected to some negative aspects such as high levels of free radicals. It is known that their rising over normal rates will lead to damages at the cells level and, accordingly, at tissues level. Therefore, the researcher believes that it is necessary to legalize sport training process in terms of intensity, rest and following a diet spontaneous with high intensity training system noting that this diet should include anti-oxidants which reduce activity of the radicals. Keywords: biochemical indicators, glutathione enzyme, malondialdehyde enzyme, free radicals, high intensity training

37-41

Authors: Ilyas Samara – Abdellatif Bour

Developing countries are undergoing an epidemiologic transition accompanied by increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) linked to urbanization and lifestyle modifications.Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of CVD risk factors where the lack of physical activity strongly favorite many associated factors of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to physical activity in a population of Sale, Morocco. Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, physical activity.

1-7

Authors: Wadad Youssef Mohamed

Educational institutions need to be reconsidered using a systematic method based on a certain engineering working to organize and master knowledge. This, in turn, needs efficient individuals with high educational achievement helping them implement modern methods for reengineering administrative processes. Hence, the problem of the study lies in studying the level of applying administrative reengineering and showing the effect of educational achievement on the extent o their application to enhance the performance of the Public Directorate of Sport Education, Ministry of Education. The researcher used the descriptive survey with the comparative method to solve the problem of the study. Population of the study consists of workers in directorates connected with the Public Directorate of Sport Education, Ministry of Education (20 directorates in all Iraqi governorates except Kurdistan Region). The sample of the study was selected purposively to represent: (managers, assistants, public officials, male and female technical supervisors) working directorates connected with the Public Directorate of Sport Education, Ministry of Education (456 individuals). Two governorates were selected for: (northern, middle, southern, central Euphrates and 2 from Baghdad) in Iraq. Moreover, the reengineering administrative processes scale was used. The scale includes 32 paragraphs distributed to five fields: (administrative processes understanding & realization: 4 paragraphs, being proactive: 4 paragraphs, planning: 4 paragraphs, programs preparation: 4 paragraphs, change: 8 paragraphs, application: 4 paragraphs and evaluation: 4 paragraphs) and Likert Scale with five gradations with psychometric bases. A questionnaire form was distributed with assertion on the necessity to select one respondent for a single alternative by ticking (√) sign at the option that he finds suitable and expressing his own point of view. The researcher also asked members of the sample to read instructions and paragraphs carefully, answer patiently and not to be hasty in selecting alternatives. After completing answers, questionnaires were collected and audited. The researcher added marks gained by each member of the sample regarding each paragraph of the scale in order to extract the total mark gained for each one in the sample to be put in special forms. After reviewing statistical data using the Statistical Packages in Social Sciences program (SPSS), the researcher found that there is a contrast between workers in the education directorate at the reengineering administrative processes scale according to educational achievement as Bachelor & PhD degree holders are better in reengineering administrative processes and some fields than Diploma & the Master’s degree. Keywords: reengineering, administrative processes, educational achievement, Ministry of Education, reengineering administrative processes.

13-18

Authors: Iman Hamad Shihab Al Jubouri – Mayada Tahseen Abdul kareem Al Qaisi

Since mental skills and preparation are important in developing sport level, one of the significant problems facing athletes is their need for a mental preparation. Skill or physical abilities only are not enough in order to achieve sport success and achievement. Rather, the need for mental strength, ability to concentrate and how to face psychological pressures during training situation and sport competitions are more important. Achieving ideal skill performance requires that a player possesses comprehensive skill, physical and psychological abilities to achieve the best possible skill performance. Therefore, the researcher found that using mental training course accompanying a proposed training course on mental toughness for sitting volleyball players helps raise their self-confidence and increase their concentration despite psychological pressures they experience. Thus, the study aimed to prepare a mental and physical training course that corresponds with the sample of the study and determine its effect on mental toughness of the sample of the study. Both researchers used some means to achieve goals of the study. They concluded that mental training helps enhance mental toughness for sitting volleyball players. The study also concluded that the best way to represent mental training to sitting volleyball players is at the beginning and at the end of the main section of the training unit with consideration of the percentage of time attributed from the unit time. Keywords: mental training, mental toughness, volleyball – sitting.

24-28

Authors: Samir Ragi

The world witnessed a great progress at all aspects and fields of life including sports field with rapid pace. This is clear through incredible results and records in these sport games and events. Cycling events (Race against Time) are the concern in this study in terms of applying a training course according to the nonoxygenic energy system needed for such events and the effect of this training course on developing some functional, skill and physical variables. This training is performed at the special preparation stage of cycling national team players. The application of these exercises is made on young players, and this age category gives accurate expression of any course to be applied on. In addition, energy economy during physical effort reflects positive sides in the adaptation processes of cardiac and circulatory systems, especially at the level of the heart in terms of heart muscle recovery, fast restoration and continuity of blood pumping with the same efficiency and spent energy. Keywords: Strength characterized by speed, air resistance, maximum speed, bicycles

35-40

Authors: Khalid Mohammad Shaaban – Khalid Hassan Othman – Raheeq Matti Abdulmaseeh

The researchers aim to find the differences in the results of the post- test between the two groups the experimental and setting group in learning some or the Movable skills lie wrestling. The searchers used the experimental course because it fits the nature of the research and its problem. The group of the research was from the students of the second stage in the collage of physical education - Duhok university, the academic year {2014 - 2015}, while the sample of the research was formed from (24) students divided in two sections [B , D] in two groups experimental and setting, there the searchers made the equalization operator for the two groups of the research. The searchers depended on the personal interview and question ring also the tests and measuring at a used methods for, gathering the data, the searcher used the arithmetic mean, and the quantities deviation also the percentage and (t) for the non - concerned samples at methods for getting the data. The searchers concluded that the experimental group achieved more better learning better than the setting group in the skills of [The Inside same (turk ride) catch, near leg pick - up and inside leg block catch, and Throw over the hips with an arm and waist hold catch and Takedown by head drag catch], also the two groups never achier way differences in the skill of the [Throw over the hips with an arm and waist hold catch] in wrestling, the searcher’s recommended in using the interactive video in learning some wrestling skills, while teaching the subject of wrestling for the students of the physical education college. Keyword: interactive, video, learning, skills, wrestling