INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, ENTREPRENEURSHIP& TECHNOLOGY

10

Authors: Rachel Adu-Kumi, Mary Adu Kumi

Undesired and negative results that lead to damages and losses on the N1 highway were assessed in the light of target objectives of the MiDA for commissioning the N1 highway in Accra. In this study, risk factors arising from people, systems and processes, and associated events and incidents connected with the functioning of the N1 highway were identified and examined using mixed methods research design. In a survey, 100 respondents who were regular users of the N1 highway including pedestrians, motorists and personnel from the Ministry of Roads and Highways shared experiences in semi-structured interviews. Observations were made about risks, damages and losses on the highway, and controls for managing risks and examined using Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA). Inadequate number of locations for user-access on the highway, presence of numerous intersecting cross-streets that feed into the main N1 highway causing interferences, poor design in constructing the N1 highway through human settlement, inadequate provisions of access for certain modes of transport, and unlimited or free access to adjacent property resulting in no protection for property and activities, were among risk factors identified on the N1 highway. The study recommends the fixing of more, higher guard-rails, more bus bay points near foot bridges, additional foot bridges, traffic control points in locations away from bus terminals, and provision of road-user facilities for physically-impaired persons. Education on risks associated with using the N1 highway could prevent pedestrians from competing with motorists when crossing the N1 highway and reduce frequent occurrences of accidents. Keywords: Risk factors; N1 Highway; Motorway; Construction; Risk Controls;

14

Authors: Joshua Ojo Nehinbe, Rosanje Musharafa Olapeju & Johnson Ige Nehibe

Systemic risk is an important issue in the survivability of modern establishments. Empirical evidence suggests that systemic risk can cause instability of computer resources and subsequent collapse, bankruptcy and cascading failure for prominent multinational companies globally. With the ongoing global economic meltdown, systemic risk is a major concern to global market. These developments usually compel government and other stakeholders of big establishments to reverse or demerge previously concluded mergers and acquisitions and concurrently split their establishments into separate entities. The business motives and expectations about most demergers focus on the need to create new and profitable establishments that will have diverse individualities in a segmented market. Nevertheless, it is obvious that the cost of implementing computer resources and the cost for smoothly running separate companies will be higher than the cost of running one company. Hence, most companies that intend to demerge are confronted with series of technical problems. In the case whereby computer resources, the stocks and other assets of the shareholders are locked up in one or other segments of separate establishments, accountability, accessibility, revaluation of shares, privacy and security of these dispersed assets become other critical issues to their stakeholders. Therefore, this paper critically examines the above issues. The results obtained are informative to the stakeholders so that they can discern and anticipate the demergers that tend to tactically fraught with systemic risk, doom and downfall. Finally, we subsequently proposes strategies to mitigate them. Key words: Demerger, merger, acquisition and systemic risk

8

Authors: M. RENU & S. SEKAR

ABSTRACT For banks, lending in the transition countries has been both a controversial and a difficult matter. On the one hand, firms complain about the lack of credit and the excessively high standards set by banks. On the other hand, banks have suffered large losses on bad loans. Lending inherently requires that the lender “trust” the borrower to repay the loan at a later date. For the lender to be able to trust the borrower, the lender must have means of screening out incompetent and untrustworthy borrowers. However one chooses to put it, the bank’s character. By good and bad banks research mean expected return and risk. By good and bad character that mean the borrower’s honesty. This research reports the results of the investigation of how Commercial banks deal with these problems. It draws on the interviews conducted in Commercial Banks. Research found that Commercial Banks have trouble distinguishing well from bad in both banks and character. Research was partly due to intrinsic problems in Commercial Banks, and partly due to their own methods. The study found that the solutions adopted by banks often seemed inefficient from the perspective of a profit- maximizing bank. This study believe, reflects both incomplete learning by banks about the most effective way to make loans, and internal incentive problems that banks have not solved. Keywords: Lending; Controversial; incompetent; intrinsic problems; Profit-maximizing;